Abstract The rapid development of mixed‐halide perovskites has established a versatile optoelectronic platform owing to their extraordinary physical properties, but there remain challenges toward ...achieving highly reliable synthesis and performance, in addition, post‐synthesis approaches for tuning their photoluminescence properties after device fabrication remain limited. In this work, an effective approach is reported to leveraging hot electrons generated from plasmonic nanostructures to regulate the optical properties of perovskites. A plasmonic metasurface composed of Au nanoparticles can effectively tailor both photoluminescence and location‐specific phase segregation of mixed‐halide CsPbI 2 Br thin films. The ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal hot electron injection on the timescale of hundreds of femtoseconds. Photocurrent measurements confirm the hot‐electron‐enhanced photon‐carrier conversion, and in addition, gate‐voltage tuning of phase segregation is observed because of correlated carrier injection and halide migration in the perovskite films. Finally, the characteristics of the gate‐modulated light emission are found to conform to a rectified linear unit function, serving as nonlinear electrical‐to‐optical converters in artificial neural networks. Overall, the hot electron engineering approach demonstrated in this work provides effective location‐specific control of the phase and optical properties of halide perovskites, underscoring the potential of plasmonic metasurfaces for advancing perovskite technologies.
It is well known that supplementation with high protein after exercise can effectively promote muscle synthesis and repair, while green tea is rich in catechins that have antioxidant effects. We ...aimed to explore the effects of green tea combined with isolated soy protein on increase muscle mass in resistance-trained mice. A total of 32 male ICR mice (8-weeks old) were divided into four groups (
= 8/group), sedentary control group (SC), isolated soy protein with green tea group (ISPG), resistance training group (RT), isolated soy protein and green tea combine with resistance training group (ISPG + RT). All mice received control or ISPG by oral gavage for four consecutive weeks. Forelimb grip and exhaustive swimming time were used for exercise performance evaluation. In biochemical profile, we analyzed lactate, ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glucose and muscle damage index creatine kinase (CK) after exercise as biochemical parameters of exercise fatigue. The grip strength, muscular endurance, and exhaustive swimming time of the ISPG + RT group were significantly increased than other groups (
< 0.05), and also significantly decreased in serum lactate and ammonia levels (
< 0.05, respectively). The ISP + RT group was not only increased in quadriceps weight, (
< 0.05) but also decreased EFP (
< 0.05). We recommend using a 4-week supplementation with ISPG, combined with RT, to increase muscle mass, exercise performance, glycogen storage, and reduce fatigue biochemical parameters after exercise. The benefits of long-term supplementation or application to human supplementation can be further explored in the future.
Past studies have shown that robot-based intervention was effective in improving gestural use in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present study examined whether children with ASD ...could catch up to the level of gestural production found in age-matched children with typical development and whether they showed an increase in verbal imitation after the completion of robot-based training. We also explored the cognitive and motor skills associated with gestural learning.
Children with ASD were randomly assigned to two groups. Four- to 6-year-old children with ASD in the intervention group (
= 15) received four 30-min robot-based gestural training sessions. In each session, a social robot, NAO, narrated five stories and gestured (e.g., both hands clapping for an awesome expression). Children with ASD were told to imitate the gestures during training. Age-matched children with ASD in the wait-list control group (
= 15) and age-matched children with typical development (
= 15) received the gestural training after the completion of research. Standardized pretests and posttests (both immediate and delayed) were administered to assess the accuracy and appropriateness of gestural production in both training and novel stories. Children's language and communication abilities, gestural recognition skills, fine motor proficiencies, and attention skills were also examined.
Children with ASD in the intervention condition were more likely to produce accurate or appropriate intransitive gestures in training and novel stories than those in the wait-list control. The positive learning outcomes were maintained in the delayed posttests. The level of gestural production accuracy in children with ASD in the delayed posttest of novel stories was comparable to that in children with typical development, suggesting that children with ASD could catch up to the level of gestural production found in children with typical development. Children with ASD in the intervention condition were also more likely to produce verbal markers while gesturing than those in the wait-list control. Gestural recognition skills were found to significantly predict the learning of gestural production accuracy in the children with ASD, with such relation partially mediated via spontaneous imitation.
Robot-based intervention may reduce the gestural delay in children with ASD in their early childhood.
The World Health Organization considered the wide spread of COVID-19 over the world as a pandemic. There is still a lack of understanding of its origin, transmission, and treatment methods. ...Understanding the influencing factors of COVID-19 can help mitigate its spread, but little research on the spatial factors has been conducted. Therefore, this study explores the effects of urban geometry and socio-demographic factors on the COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong. For each patient, the places they visited during the incubation period before going to hospital were identified, and matched with corresponding attributes of urban geometry (i.e., building geometry, road network and greenspace) and socio-demographic factors (i.e., demographic, educational, economic, household and housing characteristics) based on the coordinates. The local cases were then compared with the imported cases using stepwise logistic regression, logistic regression with case-control of time, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to identify factors influencing local disease transmission. Results show that the building geometry, road network and certain socio-economic characteristics are significantly associated with COVID-19 cases. In addition, the results indicate that urban geometry is playing a more important role than socio-demographic characteristics in affecting COVID-19 incidence. These findings provide a useful reference to the government and the general public as to the spatial vulnerability of COVID-19 transmission and to take appropriate preventive measures in high-risk areas.
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•Relationships between COVID-19 cases and urban geometry and socio-demography•Significant factors are building geometry, road network and economic characteristics.•Importance of urban geometry over socio-demographic factors
The coal seam mining-induced characteristics of overlying strata fracture and surface subsidence are tested and numerically analyzed using the similar materials. Two mining models were conducted in a ...laboratory with two different rock orientations and slopes to simulate the stability conditions and driving conditions of the loess land slope of under the guides of the V-shaped law. Given a 30° dip angle of coal seam in the Model 1, the results show that the loess landslide on top of inclined rock layers is in the state of critical instability when working face advances to 100 m. Whereas, given a 30° dip angle of coal seam in the Model 2, the loess landslide on top of anti-inclined rock layers is in the state of critical instability when working face advances to 120 m. Numerical analysis using a discrete element method was performed to compare the analysis results with laboratory findings. Based on the test and numerical analysis results both indicate that the land sliding along loess land slope are most likely be triggered on inclined rock layers than anti-inclined rock layers when an underground mining activity begins to excavate.
Self-powered wearable devices with integrated energy supply module and sensitive sensors have significantly blossomed for continuous monitoring of human activity and the surrounding environment in ...healthcare sectors. The emerging of MXene-based materials has brought research upsurge in the fields of energy and electronics, owing to their excellent electrochemical performance, large surface area, superior mechanical performance, and tunable interfacial properties, where their performance can be further boosted via multi-interface engineering. Herein, a comprehensive review of recent progress in MXenes for self-powered wearable devices is discussed from the aspects of multi-interface engineering. The fundamental properties of MXenes including electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermal characteristics are discussed in detail. Different from previous review works on MXenes, multi-interface engineering of MXenes from termination regulation to surface modification and their impact on the performance of materials and energy storage/conversion devices are summarized. Based on the interfacial manipulation strategies, potential applications of MXene-based self-powered wearable devices are outlined. Finally, proposals and perspectives are provided on the current challenges and future directions in MXene-based self-powered wearable devices.
Detailed descriptions of acute pulmonary emboli (PE) morphology, total embolic volume (TEV), and their effects upon patients' clinical presentation and prognosis remain largely unexplored. We studied ...201 subjects with acute PE to the emergency department of a single medical center from April 2009 to December 2014. Patient hemodynamics, Troponin I and D-dimer levels, echocardiography, and the 30-day, 90-day and long-term mortality were obtained. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of pulmonary structures and 3-dimensional measures of embolic burden were performed. The results showed a linear association between the greater TEV and each of the following 4 variables (increasing incidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), greater RV diameter, and RV/left ventricular (LV) ratio (all p < 0.001)). Among the measures of CT and echocardiography, TEV and RV/LV ratio were significantly associated with impending shock. In backward stepwise logistic regression, TEV, age and respiratory rate remained independent associated with impending shock (OR: 1.58, 1.03, 1.18, respectively and all p < 0.005).Total embolic burden assessed by CT-based quantification serves as a useful index for stressed cardiopulmonary circulation condition and can provide insights into RV dysfunction and the prediction of impending shock.
Specific ethnic genetic backgrounds are associated with the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) especially in Asians. However, there have been no large cohort, ...multiple‐country epidemiological studies of medication risk related to SJS/TEN in Asian populations. Thus, we analyzed the registration databases from multiple Asian countries who were treated during 1998–2017. A total 1,028 SJS/TEN cases were identified with the algorithm of drug causality for epidermal necrolysis. Furthermore, those medications labeled by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as carrying a risk of SJS/TEN were also compared with the common causes of SJS/TEN in Asian countries. Oxcarbazepine, sulfasalazine, COX‐II inhibitors, and strontium ranelate were identified as new potential causes. In addition to sulfa drugs and beta‐lactam antibiotics, quinolones were also a common cause. Only one acetaminophen‐induced SJS was identified, while several medications (e.g., oseltamivir, terbinafine, isotretinoin, and sorafenib) labeled as carrying a risk of SJS/TEN by the FDA were not found to have caused any of the cases in the Asian countries investigated in this study.
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The visible light-cured glycol chitosan (GC) hydrogel systems for the sustained release of growth factors (GFs) were prepared, and their efficacies in wound healing acceleration were ...investigated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were selected as the dual GFs and commercially available Duoderm® was used as control. In order to increase intermolecular chain mobility, methoxy (polyethylene glycol) acetic acid (MPEG-COOH) was conjugated to GC through condensation reaction resulting in MPEG grafted GC (MPEG-g-GC). As a crosslinker, glycidyl methacrylate was covalently conjugated to the amine group of MPEG-g-GC (MPEG/GM-g-GC), and crosslinking of MPEG/GM-g-GC chains were made by visible light irradiation (MPEG-g-GC hydrogels). To enhance wound healing efficacy, specific amounts of GFs was incorporated into the crosslinking solutions at this photo-curing stage (VEGF/MPEG-g-GC, PDGF/MPEG-g-GC and VEGF/PDGF/MPEG-g-GC). The grafting of MPEG plasticized the samples yielding low viscoelastic properties, ranging from 56Pa to 58Pa. In vitro release test showed that GFs were rapidly released within 24h, and released in a sustained manner thereafter. In vivo studies showed that the GF-loaded samples further enhanced wound healing compared to control. Particularly, VEGF/PDGF/MPEG-g-GC, dual GFs releasing hydrogel, showed outstanding granulation effects among samples.
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