To determine the odor-active compounds in Cheddar cheeses with different ripening times (6, 10, and 14 mo), 39 potent odorants of Cheddar cheeses were identified with a flavor dilution factor range ...between 1 and 512 by aroma extract dilution analysis. To further determine their contribution to the overall aroma profile of Cheddar cheeses, odor activity values of 38 odorants with flavor dilution factors ≥1 were calculated. A Cheddar cheese matrix was developed to determine the concentrations and the odor thresholds of these key aroma compounds. The result of the aroma recombinant experiment prepared by mixing the key aroma compounds in the concentrations in which they occurred in Cheddar cheeses showed that the overall aroma profile of the recombinant sample was very similar to that of Cheddar cheese. The main different compounds in Cheddar cheese with different ripening time were acetic acid, butanoic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, methional, hexanal, (E)-2-nonenal, acetoin, 1-octen-3-one, δ-dodecalactone, furaneol, hexanoic acid, heptanal, and ethyl caproate. This study could provide important information for researching and developing Cheddar cheese–related products.
Quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes are being widely used in communication standards, and the decoder of QC-LDPC codes requires a unique type of rotator. The unique rotator, called ...a multi-size cyclic-shifter (MSCS), should be able to rotate data with various sizes, and many structures have been proposed for the operation. A low-complexity, high-speed MSCS structure is proposed, in which a part of the previous smallest structure is replaced with a structure with less delay and comparable area. The synthesis results present that the proposed structure achieves not only the highest speed but also the lowest complexity after synthesis.
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) held a virtual consensus-building process on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer in 2021. The consensus included ...a multidisciplinary panel of 34 leading experts in the management of lung cancer. The aim of the consensus was to develop recommendations on topics that are not covered in detail in the current ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline and where the available evidence is either limited or conflicting. The main topics identified for discussion were: (i) tissue and biomarkers analyses; (ii) early and locally advanced disease; (iii) metastatic disease and (iv) clinical trial design, patient’s perspective and miscellaneous. The expert panel was divided into four working groups to address questions relating to one of the four topics outlined above. Relevant scientific literature was reviewed in advance. Recommendations were developed by the working groups and then presented to the entire panel for further discussion and amendment before voting. This manuscript presents the recommendations developed, including findings from the expert panel discussions, consensus recommendations and a summary of evidence supporting each recommendation.
•A virtual consensus on the management of EGFR-mutant NSCLC was organized by the ESMO, including 34 experts from 18 countries.•The experts compiled recommendations with supporting evidence on controversial topics about the EGFR-mutant lung cancer.•Recommendations were formulated for tissue and biomarkers analyses; early, locally advanced and metastatic disease; miscellaneous.
Phenoloxidase (PO) plays a key role in melanin biosynthesis during insect development. Here, we isolated the 2310-bp full-length cDNA of PPO1 from Zeugodacus tau, a destructive horticultural pest. ...qRT-polymerase chain reaction showed that the ZtPPO1 transcripts were highly expressed during larval-prepupal transition and in the haemolymph. When the larvae were fed a 1.66% kojic acid (KA)-containing diet, the levels of the ZtPPO1 transcripts significantly increased by 2.79- and 3.39-fold in the whole larvae and cuticles, respectively, while the corresponding PO activity was significantly reduced; in addition, the larval and pupal durations were significantly prolonged; pupal weights were lowered; and abnormal phenotypes were observed. An in vitro inhibition experiment indicated that KA was an effective competitive inhibitor of PO in Z. tau. Additionally, the functional analysis showed that 20E could significantly up-regulate the expression of ZtPPO1, induce lower pupal weight, and advance pupation. Knockdown of the ZtPPO1 gene by RNAi significantly decreased mRNA levels after 24 h and led to low pupation rates and incomplete pupae with abnormal phenotypes during the larval-pupal interim period. These results proved that PO is important for the normal growth of Z. tau and that KA can disrupt the development of this pest insect.
•The fractional-order value and the noise intensity are important factors that can induce different stochastic P-bifurcation patterns.•Compared to the ordinary system, the fractional-order system has ...a better improving effect for the weak signal. The value of the fractional-order may be larger than one when the optimal response occurring.•Besides the driving frequency, the stochastic resonance can also occur at the subharmonic and superharmonic frequencies. Especially, the stochastic resonance at the subharmonic frequency may be strong and cannot be ignored.
We investigate the stochastic response of a noisy bistable fractional-order system when the fractional-order lies in the interval (0, 2. We focus mainly on the stochastic P-bifurcation and the phenomenon of the stochastic resonance. We compare the generalized Euler algorithm and the predictor-corrector approach which are commonly used for numerical calculations of fractional-order nonlinear equations. Based on the predictor-corrector approach, the stochastic P-bifurcation and the stochastic resonance are investigated. Both the fractional-order value and the noise intensity can induce an stochastic P-bifurcation. The fractional-order may lead the stationary probability density function to turn from a single-peak mode to a double-peak mode. However, the noise intensity may transform the stationary probability density function from a double-peak mode to a single-peak mode. The stochastic resonance is investigated thoroughly, according to the linear and the nonlinear response theory. In the linear response theory, the optimal stochastic resonance may occur when the value of the fractional-order is larger than one. In previous works, the fractional-order is usually limited to the interval (0, 1. Moreover, the stochastic resonance at the subharmonic frequency and the superharmonic frequency are investigated respectively, by using the nonlinear response theory. When it occurs at the subharmonic frequency, the resonance may be strong and cannot be ignored. When it occurs at the superharmonic frequency, the resonance is weak. We believe that the results in this paper might be useful for the signal processing of nonlinear systems.
We study the process e^{+}e^{-}→Λ_{c}^{+}Λover ¯_{c}^{-} at twelve center-of-mass energies from 4.6119 to 4.9509 GeV using data samples collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The ...Born cross sections and effective form factors (|G_{eff}|) are determined with unprecedented precision after combining the single and double-tag methods based on the decay process Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+}. Flat cross sections around 4.63 GeV are obtained and no indication of the resonant structure Y(4630), as reported by Belle, is found. In addition, no oscillatory behavior is discerned in the |G_{eff}| energy dependence of Λ_{c}^{+}, in contrast to what is seen for the proton and neutron cases. Analyzing the cross section together with the polar-angle distribution of the Λ_{c}^{+} baryon at each energy point, the moduli of electric and magnetic form factors (|G_{E}| and |G_{M}|) are extracted and separated. For the first time, the energy dependence of the form factor ratio |G_{E}/G_{M}| is observed, which can be well described by an oscillatory function.
► ECAPed UFG AZ91D Mg alloys shows significant weakened corrosion resistance. ► The corrosion behaviours of the ECAPed samples changed into severe uniform corrosion gradually. ► Crystalline defects ...weakened the corrosion resistance of the α-phase matrix is the first factor. ► Refined β-phase particles losing corrosion barrier in α-phase matrix is the second factor.
Effect of microstructure change on corrosion behaviour of equal-channel angular pressed (ECAPed) AZ91D Mg alloy was investigated. The ECAPed alloy with ultra-fine grained (UFG) α-phase matrix and refined β-phase particles displays a significantly lower corrosion resistance, resulting in more pits after in-situ corrosion, higher mass-loss rate immersed in NaCl solution, larger
I
corr
values in polarization curves and lower fitted
R
t
values in EIS plots. Two factors weaken the corrosion resistance: the first is the strains-induced crystalline defects providing the α-phase matrix more corrosion activation, the second is the refined β-phase particles losing barrier to the corrosion propagation in α-phase matrix.
A
bstract
Based on
e
+
e
−
collision samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb
−
1
collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4
.
6 GeV and 4
.
7 GeV, a ...partial wave analysis of the charmed baryon hadronic decay
Λ
c
+
→
Λ
π
+
π
0
is performed, and the decays
Λ
c
+
→
Λ
ρ
(770)
+
and
Λ
c
+
→
Σ(1385)
π
are studied for the first time. Making use of the world-average branching fraction
B
Λ
c
+
→
Λ
π
+
π
0
, their branching fractions are determined to be
B
Λ
c
+
→
Λ
ρ
770
+
=
4.06
±
0.30
±
0.35
±
0.23
×
10
−
2
,
B
Λ
c
+
→
Σ
1385
+
π
0
=
5.86
±
0.49
±
0.52
±
0.35
×
10
−
3
,
B
Λ
c
+
→
Σ
1385
0
π
+
=
6.47
±
0.59
±
0.66
±
0.38
×
10
−
3
,
where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, and the third are from the uncertainties of the branching fractions
B
Λ
c
+
→
Λ
π
+
π
0
and
B
Σ
1385
→
Λ
π
. In addition, the decay asymmetry parameters are measured to be
α
Λ
ρ
(770)+
= − 0.763 ± 0.053 ± 0.045,
α
Σ
1385
+
π
0
=
−
0.917
±
0.069
±
0.056
, and
α
Σ
1385
0
π
+
=
−
0.789
±
0.098
±
0.056
.
In isolated microgrids and remote regions, the challenge of developing reliable and self-sufficient renewable energy systems is amplified due to the lack of grid flexibility options. One of the ...leading solutions to increase renewable energy usage in isolated systems is the commission of energy storage. The current study proposes a novel optimization model that sizes the most cost-efficient renewable power capacity mix of an autonomous microgrid supported by storage technologies. The proposed algorithm considers operational, technical and land-use constraints. The problem is formulated using linear programming, is tested and scrutinized with sets of historical weather, load demand and installation prices data, and is modelled hour-by-hour. The method is applied to Corvo, an island in the Azores archipelago, Portugal. The results obtained exhibit that the proposed approach provides the optimal configuration of the renewable-based microgrid with an LCOE (Levelized Cost of electricity) of 0.21 €/kWh, a value lower than a diesel-based alternative, and while ensuring minimum land area occupation. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is also presented to examine the effect of variables on the LCOE and PC (present cost) of the system. The present study shows that the developed optimal sizing model can improve electricity planning and facilitate energy transition in distributed power systems.
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