The sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG) is an effective technology for in-plane low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting. However, as surface modification of tribo-materials and ...charge excitation strategies are not well applicable for this mode, output performance promotion of S-TENG has no breakthrough recently. Herein, we propose a new strategy by designing shielding layer and alternative blank-tribo-area enabled charge space-accumulation (CSA) for enormously improving the charge density of S-TENG. It is found that the shielding layer prevents the air breakdown on the interface of tribo-layers effectively and the blank-tribo-area with charge dissipation on its surface of tribo-material promotes charge accumulation. The charge space-accumulation mechanism is analyzed theoretically and verified by experiments. The charge density of CSA-S-TENG achieves a 2.3 fold enhancement (1.63 mC m
) of normal S-TENG in ambient conditions. This work provides a deep understanding of the working mechanism of S-TENG and an effective strategy for promoting its output performance.
The newly invented triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is deemed to be a more efficient strategy than an electromagnetic generator (EMG) in harvesting low‐frequency (<2 Hz) water wave energy. Various ...TENGs with different structures and functions for blue energy have been developed, which can be roughly divided into two types: liquid–solid contact electrification TENGs and fully enclosed solid–solid contact electrification TENGs. Robustness and packaging are critical factors in the development of TENGs toward practical applications. Furthermore, for fully enclosed TENGs, the requirements and costs of packaging are very high, and they can difficult to disassemble after enclosed, if there is something wrong with the devices. Herein, a nonencapsulative pendulum‐like paper based hybrid nanogenerator for energy harvesting is designed, which mainly consists of three parts, one solar panel, two paper based zigzag multilayered TENGs, and three EMG units. This unique structure reveals the superior robustness and a maximum peak power of zigzag multilayered TENGs up to 22.5 mW is realized. Moreover, the device can be used to collect the mechanical energy of human motion in hand shaking. This work presents a new platform of hybrid generators toward energy harvesting as a portable practical power source, which has potential applications in navigation and lighting.
A non‐encapsulative pendulum‐like paper based hybrid nanogenerator for energy harvesting with superior robustness is attained. This design avoids the influence of a harsh underwater environment and the difficulty of packaging for blue energy. A new platform of hybrid generators toward multiple energies harvesting as a portable practical power source is presented, which has potential applications in navigation and lighting.
Plants harbors complex and variable microbial communities. Endophytic bacteria play an important function and potential role more effectively in developing sustainable systems of crop production. To ...examine how endophytic bacteria in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) vary across both host growth period and location, PCR-based Illumina was applied to revealed the diversity and stability of endophytic bacteria in sugar beet on the north slope of Tianshan mountain, China. A total of 60.84 M effective sequences of 16S rRNA gene V3 region were obtained from sugar beet samples. These sequences revealed huge amount of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in sugar beet, that is, 19–121 OTUs in a beet sample, at 3 % cutoff level and sequencing depth of 30,000 sequences. We identified 13 classes from the resulting 449,585 sequences. Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant class in all sugar beets, followed by Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Actinobacteria. A marked difference in the diversity of endophytic bacteria in sugar beet for different growth periods was evident. The greatest number of OTUs was detected during rossette formation (109 OTUs) and tuber growth (146 OTUs). Endophytic bacteria diversity was reduced during seedling growth (66 OTUs) and sucrose accumulation (95 OTUs). Forty-three OTUs were common to all four periods. There were more tags of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria in Shihezi than in Changji. The dynamics of endophytic bacteria communities were influenced by plant genotype and plant growth stage. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first application of PCR-based Illumina pyrosequencing to characterize and compare multiple sugar beet samples.
Mortality and other clinical outcomes between culture-negative and culture-positive septic patients have been documented inconsistently and are very controversial. A systematic review and ...meta-analysis was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of culture-negative and culture-positive sepsis or septic shock.
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases for studies from inception to the 1st of January 2021. We included studies involving patients with sepsis or septic shock. All authors reported our primary outcome of all-cause mortality and clearly compared culture-negative versus culture-positive patients with clinically relevant secondary outcomes (ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, mechanical ventilation requirements, mechanical ventilation duration and renal replacement requirements). Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI).
Seven studies including 22,655 patients were included. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the all-cause mortality between two groups (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.01; P = 0.12; Chi-
= 30.71; I
= 80%). Secondary outcomes demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference in the ICU length of stay (MD = - 0.19;95% CI, - 0.42 to 0.04; P = 0.10;Chi-
= 5.73; I
= 48%), mechanical ventilation requirements (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.11; P = 0.61; Chi
= 6.32; I
= 53%) and renal replacement requirements (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.01; P = 0.06; Chi-
= 1.21; I
= 0%) between two groups. The hospital length of stay of culture-positive group was longer than that of the culture-negative group (MD = - 3.48;95% CI, - 4.34 to - 2.63; P < 0.00001;Chi-
= 1.03; I
= 0%). The mechanical ventilation duration of culture-positive group was longer than that of the culture-negative group (MD = - 0.64;95% CI, - 0.88 to - 0.4; P < 0.00001;Chi-
= 4.86; I
= 38%).
Culture positivity or negativity was not associated with mortality of sepsis or septic shock patients. Furthermore, culture-positive septic patients had similar ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation requirements and renal replacement requirements as those culture-negative patients. The hospital length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration of culture-positive septic patients were both longer than that of the culture-negative patients. Further large-scale studies are still required to confirm these results.
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which is the most widely employed brominated flame retardant, and its alternative tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) are widely distributed in aquatic environments. In the ...present study, the hepatotoxicity induced by TBBPA and TCBPA was investigated in Rana nigromaculata, and the potential mechanisms were investigated with a particular focus on ROS (reactive oxygen species) -dependent mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Healthy adult frogs were exposed to 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L waterborne TBBPA and TCBPA for 14 days. The results showed that liver weight was significantly increased by 51.52%–98.99% in the 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L TBBPA and TCBPA groups relative to the control. Histological examination revealed that the structure of the liver, to some extent, was influenced by TBBPA and TCBPA with nuclear shrinkage and mitochondrial swelling. Meanwhile, TBBPA and TCBPA have significantly increased the alanine transaminase level in serum and the content of ROS, while inhibiting the activity of superoxide dismutase in the liver. In addition, DNA fragments were observed in the TBBPA and TCBPA groups relative to the control. Expression of Cytochrome C was significantly increased by 1.13-, 1.38-, 1.60-, and 2.46-fold in 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L TBBPA, and by 1.26-, 1.51-, 2.14-, and 2.98- fold in 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L TCBPA, respectively, which indicated that TCBPA may be more toxic than TBBPA. Similarly, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that apoptosis in the ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway mediates hepatotoxicity caused by TBBPA and TCBPA. The present study will facilitate an understanding of the toxicity mechanism of flame retardants.
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•TCBPA is similar to or even more toxic than TBBPA.•TBBPA and TCBPA caused liver damage in R. nigromaculata.•TBBPA and TCBPA induced oxidative stress and caused hepatocyte apoptosis in R. nigromaculata.
Cancer cells are usually featured by metabolic adaptations that facilitate their growth, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, reprogramming of intracellular energy metabolism is currently one of the ...hotspots in the field of cancer research. Whereas aerobic glycolysis (known as the Warburg effect) has long been considered a dominant form of energy metabolism in cancer cells, emerging evidence indicates that other metabolic forms, especially oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), may play a critical role at least in some types of cancer. Of note, women with metabolic syndromes (MetS), including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, have an increased risk of developing endometrial carcinoma (EC), suggesting a close link between metabolism and EC. Interestingly, the metabolic preferences vary among EC cell types, particularly cancer stem cells and chemotherapy-resistant cells. Currently, it is commonly accepted that glycolysis is the main energy provider in EC cells, while OXPHOS is reduced or impaired. Moreover, agents specifically targeting the glycolysis and/or OXPHOS pathways can inhibit tumor cell growth and promote chemosensitization. For example, metformin and weight control not only reduce the incidence of EC but also improve the prognosis of EC patients. In this review, we comprehensively overview the current in-depth understanding of the relationship between metabolism and EC and provide up-to-date insights into the development of novel therapies targeting energy metabolism for auxiliary treatment in combination with chemotherapy for EC, especially those resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
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•Metabolic syndromes (obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, etc) increase the risk of EC.•The alterations involving metabolic pathways contribute to EC development and drug resistance.•Interventions for metabolic syndromes and metabolism-targeted therapies prevent and treat EC.
Abstract
Air quality issue such as particulate matter pollution (PM
2.5
and PM
10
) has become one of the biggest environmental problem in China. As one of the most important industrial base and ...economic core regions of China, Northeast China is facing serious air pollution problems in recent years, which has a profound impact on the health of local residents and atmospheric environment in some part of East Asia. Therefore, it is urgent to understand temporal-spatial characteristics of particles and analyze the causality factors. The results demonstrated that variation trend of particles was almost similar, the annual, monthly and daily distribution had their own characteristics. Particles decreased gradually from south to north, from west to east. Correlation analysis showed that wind speed was the most important factor affecting particles, and temperature, air pressure and relative humidity were key factors in some seasons. Path analysis showed that there was complex unidirectional causal relationship between particles and individual or combined effects, and NO
2
and CO were key factors affecting PM
2.5
. The hot and cold areas changed little with the seasons. All the above results suggests that planning the industrial layout, adjusting industrial structure, joint prevention and control were necessary measure to reduce particles concentration.
Objective
This study intends to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and its clinical signs in Chinese students.
Materials and Methods
Search strategies were performed in seven ...electronic databases, and the reference lists from potentially relevant studies were searched manually. Only observational studies that met the eligibility criteria were selected. A validated instrument was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and its clinical signs.
Results
Twenty‐three articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review and meta‐analysis. The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders was 29.1% (95% confidence interval CI, 23.7–35.1; n = 12,702), and a significant difference was observed between males and females. The most prevalent sign was temporomandibular joint sounds (17.4%; 95% CI, 13.8–20.6; n = 6,615) followed by abnormal jaw movement (12.3%; 95% CI, 9.1–16.7; n = 5,496) and pain (9.9%; 95% CI, 7.4–13; n = 4,552).
Conclusions
The overall prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in Chinese students was approximately 29.1%, and a statistically significant difference was observed between males and females. The most prevalent sign was temporomandibular joint sounds (17.4%), followed by abnormal jaw movement (12.3%) and pain (9.9%).
Cervical cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy, especially in women of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). With a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of cervical ...cancer, it has been well accepted that this type of cancer can be prevented and treated
early screening. Due to its higher sensitivity than cytology to identify precursor lesions of cervical cancer, detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA has been implemented as the primary screening approach. However, a high referral rate for colposcopy after HR-HPV DNA detection due to its low specificity in HR-HPV screening often leads to overtreatment and thus increases the healthcare burden. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that detection of host cell gene and/or HPV DNA methylation represents a promising approach for the early triage of cervical cancer in HR-HPV-positive women owing to its convenience and comparable performance to cytology, particularly in LMICs with limited healthcare resources. While numerous potential markers involving DNA methylation of host cell genes and the HPV genome have been identified thus far, it is crucial to define which genes or panels involving host and/or HPV are feasible and appropriate for large-scale screening and triage. An ideal approach for screening and triage of CIN/ICC requires high sensitivity and adequate specificity and is suitable for self-sampling and inexpensive to allow population-based screening, particularly in LMICs. In this review, we summarize the markers of host cell gene/HR-HPV DNA methylation and discuss their triage performance and feasibility for high-grade precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (CIN2+ and CIN3+) in HR-HPV-positive women.
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