In recent years, the development of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology has made great progress. However, most of the work focuses on the improvement of triboelectric materials and the ...optimization of device structure. In this work, we introduced a novel triboelectric nanogenerator integrated with wave structure electrode (W-TENG). Compared to the TENG with traditional flat plate electrode, the W-TENG with wave structure electrode can achieve higher output performance. The maximum short-circuit current (Isc), transfer charge, and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.56 μA, 29 nC, and 74 V were obtained at 300 N. Correspondingly, the instantaneous output power of W-TENG illustrates the maximum value of 0.94 mW at 6 Hz. In addition, the output voltage signal of W-TENG can clearly reflect the different postures in football, and the W-TENG can perform real-time football monitoring. This mechano-electrical energy harvester and the corresponding self-powered monitor can promote the intelligent sports development.
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•In this work, we designed a flexible multifunctional silica gel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG) as the self-powered pressure sensor.•The results showed that the S-TENG-based pressure sensor has good linearity and detection range.•Besides, the S-TENG-based pressure sensor can be used for football training monitoring.
This review aimed to (1) analyze whether the home advantage was diminished; (2) investigate the impact of the crowds' support on the match outcome and team performance; (3) explore the bias of the ...referee without crowds. Based on the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, this systematic review searched of literature was conducted in December 2022. The keywords related to soccer, COVID-19 and home advantage were used. The search returned 135 articles. After screening the records against set criteria, 28 articles were analyzed. Results showed that the absence of crowds would reduce the home advantage of teams, but the findings varied by country. Most leagues have evidence that without the support of the spectators, their technical, tactical and physical performances would be worse. The referee seems likely to be fairer when the spectators are absent. Therefore, crowd supports is an important factor affecting home advantage, the clubs can at least try to strengthen the home advantage and increase the winning possibility by encouraging spectators to enter the stadium or reducing the ticket price.
The human brain is a sophisticated, high‐performance biocomputer that processes multiple complex tasks in parallel with high efficiency and remarkably low power consumption. Scientists have long been ...pursuing an artificial intelligence (AI) that can rival the human brain. Spiking neural networks based on neuromorphic computing platforms simulate the architecture and information processing of the intelligent brain, providing new insights for building AIs. The rapid development of materials engineering, device physics, chip integration, and neuroscience has led to exciting progress in neuromorphic computing with the goal of overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. Herein, fundamental knowledge related to the structures and working principles of neurons and synapses of the biological nervous system is reviewed. An overview is then provided on the development of neuromorphic hardware systems, from artificial synapses and neurons to spike‐based neuromorphic computing platforms. It is hoped that this review will shed new light on the evolution of brain‐like computing.
Spiking neural networks based on neuromorphic computing platforms simulate the architecture and information processing of the brain, providing a new insight for building machines having artificial intelligence. A comprehensive overview of the development of neuromorphic engineering from biological nervous systems to spike‐based neuromorphic computing platforms is provided.
Current international guidelines recommend aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In our study, we conducted a network meta-analysis to ...assess the comparative impact of different exercise training modalities on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and weight loss in patients with T2DM.
We searched five electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the differences between different exercise training modalities for patients with T2DM. The risk of bias in the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane tool. Network meta-analysis was performed to calculate mean difference the ratio of the mean and absolute risk differences. Data were analyzed using R-3.4.0.
A total of 37 studies with 2208 patients with T2DM were included in our study. Both supervised aerobic and supervised resistance exercises showed a significant reduction in HbA1c compared to no exercise (0.30% lower, 0.30% lower, respectively), however, there was a less reduction when compared to combined exercise (0.17% higher, 0.23% higher). Supervised aerobic also presented more significant improvement than no exercise in fasting plasma glucose (9.38 mg/dl lower), total cholesterol (20.24 mg/dl lower), triacylglycerol (19.34 mg/dl lower), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.88 mg/dl lower). Supervised resistance showed more benefit than no exercise in improving systolic blood pressure (3.90 mmHg lower) and total cholesterol (22.08 mg/dl lower. In addition, supervised aerobic exercise was more powerful in improving HbA1c and weight loss than unsupervised aerobic (HbA1c: 0.60% lower; weight loss: 5.02 kg lower) and unsupervised resistance (HbA1c: 0.53% lower) exercises.
Compared with either supervised aerobic or supervised resistance exercise alone, combined exercise showed more pronounced improvement in HbA1c levels; however, there was a less marked improvement in some cardiovascular risk factors. In terms of weight loss, there were no significant differences among the combined, supervised aerobic, and supervised resistance exercises.
Our study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number: CRD42017067518 .
The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is the movement-sensitive, wide-field visual neuron positioned in the third visual neuropile of lobula. LGMD neuron can anticipate collision and trigger ...avoidance efficiently owing to the earlier occurring firing peak before collision. Vision chips inspired by the LGMD have been successfully implemented in very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) system. However, transistor-based chips and single devices to simulate LGMD neurons make them bulky, energy-inefficient and complicated. The devices with relatively compact structure and simple operation mode to mimic the escape response of LGMD neuron have not been realized yet. Here, the artificial LGMD visual neuron is implemented using light-mediated threshold switching memristor. The non-monotonic response to light flow field originated from the formation and break of Ag conductive filaments is analogue to the escape response of LGMD neuron. Furthermore, robot navigation with obstacle avoidance capability and biomimetic compound eyes with wide field-of-view (FoV) detection capability are demonstrated.
The present meta-analytic review aimed to synthesize the global prevalence characteristics of digital addiction in the general population. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO ...for studies reporting prevalence of various subtypes of digital addiction published before October 31, 2021. Studies were eligible if they were published in peer-reviewed journals, used a validated tool to assess digital addiction, and passed the qualify assessment. In total, 498 articles with 507 studies were included in systematic review, and the meta-analysis included 495 articles with 504 studies covering 2,123,762 individuals from 64 countries. Global pooled prevalence estimates were 26.99% (95% CI, 22.73–31.73) for smartphone addiction, 17.42% (95% CI, 12.42–23.89) for social media addiction, 14.22% (95% CI, 12.90–15.65) for Internet addiction, 8.23% (95% CI, 5.75–11.66) for cybersex addiction, and 6.04% (95% CI, 4.80–7.57) for game addiction. Higher prevalence of digital addiction was found in Eastern Mediterranean region and low/lower-middle income countries. Males had higher risk for Internet and game addiction. An increasing trend of digital addiction during the past two decades was found, which dramatically worsened during COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides the first and comprehensive estimation for the global prevalence of multiple subtypes of digital addiction, which varied between regions, economic levels, time periods of publication, genders, and assessment scales.
PROSPERO ID: CRD42020171117.
•1/4 general population could be affected by at least one subtype of digital addiction.•Prevalence differed among subtypes of digital addiction, with big geographical variation.•Low/lower-middle income countries had higher burden of digital addiction.•Males had higher prevalence of Internet addiction and game addiction than females.•Increasing trend of digital addiction was worsened by COVID-19 pandemic.
Bioinspired artificial haptic neuron system has received much attention in the booming artificial intelligence industry for its broad range of high‐impact applications such as personal healthcare ...monitoring, electronic skins, and human–machine interfaces. An artificial haptic neuron system is designed by integrating a piezoresistive sensor and a Nafion‐based memristor for the first time in this paper. The piezoresistive sensor serves as a sensory receptor to transform mechanical stimuli into electric signals, and the Nafion‐based memristor serves as the synapse to further process the information. The pyramid‐structured sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity (6.7 × 107 kPa−1 in 1–5 kPa and 3.8 × 105 kPa−1 in 5–50 kPa) and durability (>7000 cycles), while the memristor realizes fundamental synaptic functions under low power consumption (10–200 pJ) and remains stable for over 104 consecutive tests. The integrated system can detect tactile stimuli encoded with temporal information, such as the count, frequency, duration and speed of the external force. As a proof‐of‐concept, English characters recognition with high accuracy can be achieved on the system under a supervised learning method. This work shows promising potential in bioinspired sensing systems owing to the high performance, excellent durability, and simple fabrication procedure.
An artificial haptic neuron system is designed by integrating a piezoresistive sensor and a Nafion‐based memristor for the first time. The pyramid‐structured sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and durability, while the memristor realizes fundamental synaptic functions under low power consumption and remains stable for over 104 consecutive tests. The integrated system can detect tactile stimuli encoded with temporal information.
The arrival of the big data era not only provides corresponding technical support for the development of Educational Networking but also promotes the acceleration of Educational Networking. ...Therefore, this paper puts forward the research on the impact of big data on the development of education network and constructs a Bayesian knowledge tracking model to collect and analyze the behavior data of teachers and learners in network education. The experimental results show that big data technology provides greater development space for Education Networking. Its market scale has reached 502.47 billion yuan in 2021, and there is a trend of continuous growth. At the same time, the increase in the number of users also makes its teaching content richer and teaching methods more diversified and personalized. And, through the analysis of relevant data, learners and teachers can more comprehensively and truly understand their own level, achieve the purpose of accurate assistance to learners and teachers, and help learners and teachers find their own problems and make targeted adjustments. In addition, the campus intelligent management system based on big data technology can achieve the purpose of multipurpose and information management.
Motivated by the biological neuromorphic system with high degree of connectivity to process huge amounts of information, transistor‐based artificial synapses are expected to pave a way to overcome ...the von Neumann bottleneck for neuromorphic computing paradigm. Here, artificial flexible organic synaptic transistors capable of concurrently exhibiting signal transmission and learning functions are verified using C60/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hybrid layer for the first time. C60 trapping sites are doped in PMMA by facile solution process to form the hybrid structure. The flexible synaptic transistor exhibits a memory window of 2.95 V, a currenton/currentoff ratio greater than 103, program/erase endurance cycle over 500 times. In addition, comprehensive synaptic functions of biosynapse including the excitatory postsynaptic current with different duration time, pulse amplitudes and temperatures, paired‐pulse facilitation/depression, potentiation and depression of the channel conductance modulation, transition from short‐term potentiation to long‐term potentiation, and repetitive learning processes are successfully emulated in this synaptic three‐terminal device. The realization of synaptic devices based on C60 with low operation voltage and controlled polarity of charge trapping is an important step toward future neuromorphic computing using organic electronics.
Artificial flexible organic synaptic transistors capable of concurrently exhibiting signal transmission and learning functions are verified using C60/poly(methyl methacrylate) hybrid layer for the first time. The continuous semiconducting channel modulation and essential functions of an artificial synapse, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, paired‐pulse depression, short‐term potentiation, long‐term potentiation as well as repetitive learning and forgetting processes are successfully achieved.
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