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Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), among other fibroblast growth factors, are increasingly found to be important regulators of ion channel functions. Although FHFs ...have been link to several neuronal diseases and arrhythmia, its role in inflammatory pain still remains unclear.
This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of FGF13 in inflammatory pain.
Fgf13 conditional knockout mice were generated and CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain model was established to measure the pain threshold. Immunostaining, western blot and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of FGF13 in CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Whole-cell patch clamp recording was used to record the action potential firing properties and sodium currents of DRG neurons.
Conditional knockout of Fgf13 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (Fgf13-/Y) led to attenuated pain responses induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). FGF13 was expressed predominantly in small-diameter DRG neurons. CFA treatment resulted in an increased expression of FGF13 proteins as well as an increased excitability in nociceptive DRG neurons which was inhibited when FGF13 was absent. The role of FGF13 in neuronal excitability of DRG was linked to its modulation of voltage-gated Na+ channels mediated by microtubules. Overexpression of FGF13, but not FGF13 mutant which lacks the ability to bind and stabilize microtubules, rescued the decreased neuronal excitability and Na+ current density in DRG neurons of Fgf13-/Y mice.
This study revealed that FGF13 could stabilize microtubules to modulate sodium channel function in DRG neurons and modulate inflammatory pain. This study provides a novel mechanism for FGF13 modulation of sodium channel function and suggests that FGF13 might be a novel target for inflammatory pain treatment.
This paper presents the results of a study on the high-temperature oxidation characteristics after mechanical and laser removal of TA15 titanium alloy oxide film. The morphology, components, and ...roughness of the surface were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and laser confocal microscope (OM). The oxide film can be effectively removed with mechanical grinding and laser cleaning, and the oxide film after mechanical grinding is thicker and looser than that of after laser cleaning. The oxide film is principally composed of TiO2, Ti2O3 and TiO. Besides, there is a small amount of aluminum oxide on the surface. The surface after mechanical grinding was rougher than that of after laser cleaning. Thus, this work indicates that laser can not only clean the oxide film completely, but also strengthen the surface, which is a promising way to favor the widespread application of laser cleaning technology.
To evaluate the susceptibility rates of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacterial isolates from Chinese intra-abdominal infections (IAI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) focusing on ...carbapenems and comparing their effectiveness between 2014 and 2015.
A total of 2318 strains in 2015 (1483 from IAI and 835 from UTI) and 2374 strains in 2014 (1438 from IAI and 936 from UTI) were included in the analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined at a central laboratory using CLSI broth microdilution and interpretive standards. Hospital acquired (HA) IAI and UTI were defined as isolates sampled > 48 h and community acquired (CA) as isolates sampled < 48 h after admission.
The main species derived from IAI and UTI in 2015 were Escherichia coli (50.86%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.20%). Susceptibilities of Escherichia coli IAI and UTI strains to imipenem (IPM) and ertapenem (ETP) were > 90% in 2014 and 2015, while the susceptibilities to IPM and ETP of Klebsiella pneumoniae IAI strains were > 80% in 2014 but dropped to ≤80% in 2015 for UTI strains. Susceptibilities of IAI Enterobacteriaceae strains to IPM and ETP in 2015 were lowest in the colon and abscesses, and Enterobacteriaceae susceptibilities of UTI and IAI isolates to IPM and ETP were lowest in medical, pediatric and surgery intensive care units (ICUs) in 2015.
IPM and ETP were effective in vitro against Enterobacteriaceae isolated from IAIs and UTIs in 2014 and 2015, but susceptibility to carbapenems in UTIs markedly decreased in 2015.
Solid acid catalysts with bi-acidity are promising as workhouse catalysts in biorefining to produce high-quality chemicals and fuels. Herein, we report a new strategy to develop bi-acidic cascade ...catalysts by separating both acid sites in geometry via the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Lewis acidic alumina on Brønsted acidic supports. Visualized by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping, the ALD-deposited alumina forms a conformal alumina domain with a thickness of around 3 nm on the outermost surface of mesoporous silica–alumina. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance investigation shows that the dominant Lewis acid sites distribute on the outermost surface, whereas intrinsic Brønsted acid sites locate inside the nanopores within the silica-rich substrate. In comparison to other bi-acidic solid catalyst counterparts, the special geometric distance of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites minimized the synergetic effect, leading to a cascade reaction environment. For cascade glucose conversion, the designed ALD catalyst showed a highly enhanced catalytic performance.
Density is one of the important physical indicators of bamboo, associated with its many physical and mechanical properties. The temporal and spatial variation of density in 2-5-year-old Dendrocalamus ...farinosus were measured using computed tomography (CT) technology. Scanning parameters were obtained through orthogonal design. The relationship of air-dry density (Y) and the corresponding CT values (X) was established and verified through regression analysis, which presents an approximate linear relationship between them. The linear equation is Y=0.001X+1.148. The radial and longitudinal variation of density was determined by the regression model. This study provides a new method to measure bamboo density efficiently and accurately, and also put forward a new thought to further study structure and characteristics of bamboo.
High-temperature rechargeable batteries are essential for energy storage in elevated-temperature situations. Due to the resource abundance of potassium, high-temperature K-ion batteries are drawing ...increasing research interest. However, raising the working temperature would aggravate the chemical and mechanical instability of the KIB anode, resulting in very fast capacity fading, especially when high capacity is pursued. Here, we demonstrated that a porous conductive metal–organic framework (MOF), which is constructed by N-rich aromatic molecules and CuO4 units via π–d conjugation, could provide multiple accessible redox-active sites and promised robust structure stability for efficient potassium storage at high temperatures. Even working at 60 °C, this MOF anode could deliver high initial capacity (455 mAh g–1), impressive rate, and extraordinary cyclability (96.7% capacity retention for 1600 cycles), which is much better than those of reported high-temperature KIB anodes. The mechanistic study revealed that CN groups and CuO4 units contributed abundant redox-active sites; the synergistic effect of π–d conjugated character and reticular porous architecture facilitated the K+/e– transport and ensured an insoluble electrode with small volume deformation, thus achieving stable high-capacity potassium storage.
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•The MnOx is coated on Pd nanoparticles forming reversed catalytic structure and creates highly active Pd-MnOx interfaces, the TOF of MnOx coated Pd catalyst is 8.7 times compared ...with the unmodified Pd catalyst.•Aiming to the difficulty in controlling reaction pathways and by products distribution, Pd (111) facets are selectively passivated by MnOx via ALD, which eliminates the formation of toluene byproduct and inhibits the decarbonylation reaction of benzaldehyde.•MnOx fabricated via ALD forms strong binding with the Pd particles, which increases the electronic interaction and O migration. Both effects boost the catalytic activity.
Palladium nanoparticles are effective catalysts for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, which is a fundamental reaction in fine chemicals production. Herein, an atomic-scale oxide decoration catalytic structure is designed and implemented by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The MnOx/Pd catalysts fabricated by ALD show enhanced conversion and selectivity simultaneously, thus a high yield of benzaldehyde is obtained. Aiming to the difficulty in controlling reaction pathways and byproducts distribution, Pd (1 1 1) facets are selectively passivated by MnOx deposition. It is found that the byproduct toluene formation is completely suppressed. The proposed structure is also beneficial for inhibiting the decarbonylation reaction of benzaldehyde. On the other hand, the addition of MnOx via ALD realizes the modification of Pd electronic structure. The MnOx coated Pd nanoparticles forms reversed catalytic structure, which also creates large amount of highly active Pd-MnOx interfacial perimeters, result in improved catalytic activity and reaction rate. The TOF of MnOx decorated Pd catalyst reaches 31,561 h−1, which is 8.7 times larger than that of the unmodified Pd catalyst. Meanwhile, the maximum conversion of benzyl alcohol and yield of benzaldehyde are improved to 84.7% and 76.5%, respectively.
Polymer anodes have inspired considerable research interest for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) owing to their high structural flexibility and resource sustainability but are limited by the sluggish ...electrode kinetics, insufficient cyclability, and inferior electronic conductivity which usually made a large fraction (20–50 wt %) of conductive carbon additive necessitated. Herein, using a polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) anode as an example, we demonstrated that a moderate pyrolysis of the polymer anode could not only reduce its optical bandgap to enhance its electronic conductivity but also tune its microstructures to facilitate Na+ transfer/storage and sustain the repeated sodiation/desodiation. When used as NIBs anode with 10 wt % conductive carbon adding for preparing the electrode film, the moderate-pyrolysis PCN can promise high specific capacity (351 mAh g–1 at 0.1C), superb rate capability (151 and 95 mAh g–1 at 10C and 20C, respectively), and ultrastable cyclability (88.5% capacity retention after 6500 cycles at 2C). This comprehensive battery performance is much better than that of the previously reported organic counterparts. Our finding opened a new avenue in designing high-performance polymer anode for Na-ion batteries.
Heteroaromatic‐conjugated aromatic molecules have inspired numerous interests in rechargeable batteries like Li‐ion batteries, but were limited by low conductivity and easy dissolution in ...electrolytes. Herein, we immobilize a nitrogen‐rich aromatic molecule tricycloquinazoline (TQ) and CuO4 unit into a two‐dimensional (2D) conductive metal–organic framework (MOF) to unlock their potential for Li+ storage. TQ was identified redox activity with Li+ for the first time. With a synergistic effect of TQ and CuO4 unit, the 2D conductive MOF, named Cu‐HHTQ (HHTQ=2,3,7,8,12,13‐hexahydroxytricycloquinazoline), can facilitate the Li+/e− transport and ensure a resilient electrode, resulting in a high capacity of 657.6 mAh g−1 at 600 mA g−1 with extraordinary high‐rate capability and impressive cyclability. Our findings highlight an efficient strategy of constructing electrode materials for energy storage with combining multiple redox‐active moieties into conductive MOFs.
The 2D conductive metal–organic framework Cu‐HHTQ with multiple redox‐active sites originating from a nitrogen‐rich aromatic molecule tricycloquinazoline (TQ) and a CuO4 unit was designed for Li‐ion batteries with high capacity, extraordinary high‐rate capability and impressive cyclability. TQ was identified as redox active with Li+ for the first time.
Ten new water-soluble amino acid conjugates of pyropheophorbide-a ethers 4a-4J were synthesized and investigated for their in vitro photodynamic antitumor activity. The results showed that all ...compounds exhibited higher phototoxicity and lower dark toxicity against three kinds of tumor cell lines than BPD-MA. In particular, the most phototoxic compound 4d and 4j individually showed ICso values of 41 nmol/L and 33 nmol/L against HCT116 cell, which represented 7.8- and 9.7-fold increase of antitumor potency compared to BPD-MA, respectively, suggesting that they were promising photosensitizers for PDT applications because of their strong absorption at long wavelength （λmax 〉 650 nm）, high phototoxicitv, low dark cvtotoxicitv and ~ood water-solubility.
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