Parental migration is an important factor affecting left-behind children's health. However, few studies have addressed the effect of parental migration on children's vision health in China. To fill ...the gap, this study aimed to assess the impact of parental migration on left-behind children's vision health and to explore the possible mechanisms of the effect.
Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), which included over 10,000 junior high school students. This study used myopia, the most common vision problem among junior high school students, and tried to analyze whether myopia was corrected with eyeglasses as indicator variables of vision health. The impact of parental migration on vision health was assessed using an instrumental variables approach.
The results show that parental migration reduced the likelihood of myopia in left-behind children and decreased the possibility of myopic left-behind children being corrected. This result passed a series of robustness tests. The mechanism analysis indicated that compared to non-left-behind children, left-behind children spent more time on outdoor activities and less time on after-school classes, reducing their risk of being myopic. Further, because left-behind children live apart from their parents, their myopia problem is more difficult for parents to notice, and left-behind children are less likely to inform their parents of their myopia than non-left-behind children actively. This helps to explain why left-behind children have a lower correction rate with eyeglasses.
Our findings suggest that parental migration, while not increasing the prevalence of myopia in left-behind children, has led to inequity in myopic left-behind children's correction. Given the severe consequences of uncorrected myopia, action is required to enhance the correction rate of myopic left-behind children.
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as multidrug-resistant
(AB). Tigecycline (TGC), as the first glycylcycline antibiotic approved by ...FDA, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which remains highly effective to treat AB infections.
To confirm the TGC treatment dosage and effectiveness to treat AB infections in the Chinese population by performing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
This study was performed from October 2018 through March 2019 at the PLA General Hospital. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was validated and employed to determine the plasma concentrations of TGC in patients with infectious diseases. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TGC to clinically isolated AB was determined by broth microdilution method, agar dilution method, and disk diffusion method. Moreover, a model of population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PPK/PD) was constructed.
A total of 186 plasma samples from 67 patients were detected by the validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The MIC values determined by the broth microdilution method were more sensitive and accurate than the other two methods. The microbial and clinical PK/PD breakpoints were reached when the maintenance dose of TGC was 100 mg.
Our study established a validated HPLC-MS/MS method to monitor the plasma concentrations of TGC. In view of the MIC range to AB isolates in our hospital and the PPK/PD modeling results, we recommend a relatively high dose of 100 mg q12h regimen to achieve the optimal clinical efficacy and antimicrobial response.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Emerging evidence demonstrates that circRNAs play crucial roles in many biological processes by regulating linear RNA ...transcription, downstream gene expression and protein or peptide translation. Meanwhile, recent studies have suggested that circRNAs have the potential to be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic and play vital regulatory roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. Circular RNA Forkhead box O3 (circ-Foxo3, hsa_circ_0006404) is encoded by the human FOXO3 gene and is one of the most studied circular RNAs acting as a sponge for potential microRNAs (miRNAs) (Du et al., 2016). Previous studies have reported that circ-Foxo3 is involved in the development and tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers (bladder, gastric, acute lymphocytic leukemia, glioma, etc.). In this review, we summarize the current studies concerning circ-Foxo3 deregulation and the correlative mechanism in various human cancers. We also point out the potential clinical applications of this circRNA as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Window of implantation (WOI) displacement is one of the endometrial origins of embryo implantation failure, especially repeated implantation failure (RIF). An accurate prediction tool for endometrial ...receptivity (ER) is extraordinarily needed to precisely guide successful embryo implantation. We aimed to establish an RNA-Seq-based endometrial receptivity test (rsERT) tool using transcriptomic biomarkers and to evaluate the benefit of personalized embryo transfer (pET) guided by this tool in patients with RIF.
This was a two-phase strategy comprising tool establishment with retrospective data and benefit evaluation with a prospective, nonrandomized controlled trial. In the first phase, rsERT was established by sequencing and analyzing the RNA of endometrial tissues from 50 IVF patients with normal WOI timing. In the second phase, 142 patients with RIF were recruited and grouped by patient self-selection (experimental group, n = 56; control group, n = 86). pET guided by rsERT was performed in the experimental group and conventional ET in the control group.
The rsERT, comprising 175 biomarker genes, showed an average accuracy of 98.4% by using tenfold cross-validation. The intrauterine pregnancy rate (IPR) of the experimental group (50.0%) was significantly improved compared to that (23.7%) of the control group (RR, 2.107; 95% CI 1.159 to 3.830; P = 0.017) when transferring day-3 embryos. Although not significantly different, the IPR of the experimental group (63.6%) was still 20 percentage points higher than that (40.7%) of the control group (RR, 1.562; 95% CI 0.898 to 2.718; P = 0.111) when transferring blastocysts.
The rsERT was developed to accurately predict the WOI period and significantly improve the pregnancy outcomes of patients with RIF, indicating the clinical potential of rsERT-guided pET. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-DDD-17013375. Registered 14 November 2017, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
Colistin is the last resort of antimicrobials against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Previous studies in
and macrophages of rats have suggested that colistin possesses the ...immunomodulatory properties by acting p38/MAPK pathway. Here, we aimed to confirm the immunomodulatory role of colistin in animal models.
Rat model of Methicillin-resistant
(MRSA)-induced pneumonia was established. Plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, quantitative bacteriology, histology and immunohistochemistry of lungs were assessed to compare the immunomodulatory properties of colistin pre-administration.
The numbers of white blood cells and granulocytes were significantly increased in the 9 mg/kg colistin pre-administration group at 72 h after infection. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma after colistin pre-administration were lower compared with the infected group without treatment. Colistin pre-treatment resulted in lower bacterial counts, a dramatic decrease of cytokines and improved histopathological injury in infected lung tissues compared with the untreated animals. However, p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 did not fully block the above-mentioned effects caused by colistin.
Pre-administration of colistin could attenuate an excessive inflammatory reaction and protect the lungs from MRSA-associated damages. However, these effects could not be reversed by blocking the p38/MAPK pathway alone. Collectively, the mechanism underlying the immunoregulatory effects of colistin in mammals needs to be further explored.
High-power, high-purity, nanosecond (ns) one-dimensional HG0n laser beams are proposed and demonstrated by using Nd:YAG cascaded slabs with a large aspect ratio. The HG0n laser beams are generated by ...adjusting the pump distribution, the intracavity apertures, and the tilt angle of the output coupler (OC). By controlling the gain and loss of HG0n modes of different orders, the high-purity, one-dimensional, high-order HG0n laser beams with orders 1 to 9 (HG01 to HG09) are produced, and their beam quality factors M2 align well with the theoretical predictions. Meanwhile, the large aspect ratio slab provides an ideal amplifier for the strip-shaped HG0n laser beams, and further power scaling is achieved by seeding the generated HG0n laser beams into an amplifier with an identical slab module. For the HG09 mode, the average power is amplified from 289 mW to 4.73 W with 294 ns pulse width, corresponding to a peak power of 32 kW. Moreover, above 5 W average power is achieved for all HG01 to HG08 modes. Hopefully, this scheme provides a solution for high-power and high-purity HG0n laser beam generation based on the slab-shaped configuration.
Urethral stricture (US) remains a challenging disease without effective treatment options due to the high recurrence rate. This study aims to evaluate the preventive effect of uncultured adipose ...derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on urethral fibrosis in a rat model of US. Results demonstrated that US rats displayed hyperechogenic urethral wall with a narrowed lumen compared with sham rats, while SVF rats exhibited less extensive urethral changes. By histology, US rats showed obvious submucosal fibrosis in the urethral specimens, while SVF rats exhibited mild submucosal fibrosis with less extensive tissue changes. Furthermore, US rats showed increased gene and protein expression of collagen I (2.0 ± 0.2, 2.2 ± 0.2, all were normalized against GAPDH, including the following), collagen III (2.5 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.1), and TGFβ1R (2.8 ± 0.3, 1.9 ± 0.2), while SVF cells administration contributed to decreased gene and protein expression of collagen I (1.6 ± 0.2, 1.6 ± 0.2), collagen III (1.8 ± 0.4, 0.9 ± 0.1), and TGFβ1R (1.8 ± 0.3, 1.3 ± 0.2), in parallel with the improvement of vascularization and increased expression of VEGF (1.7 ± 0.1) and bFGF (3.1 ± 0.3). Additionally, SVF served anti-inflammatory effect through regulation of inflammatory cytokines and cells, accompanied with conversion of the macrophage phenotype. Our findings suggested that uncultured SVF presented an inhibitory effect on stricture formation at an early stage of urethral fibrosis.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a therapeutic tool for tissue engineering. However, many studies have recently shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mediated by paracrine signaling and ...their secretory factors rather than their multidirectional differentiation ability. Exosomes isolated from the conditioned medium of MSCs are considered the main intercellular communication medium between MSCs and their target cells. Exosomes have been utilized in a novel cell-free therapy strategy that has attracted much attention. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a new cell-free tissue-engineered bladder (bladder acellular matrix combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (AMEs)) in vivo and in vitro to prove that AMEs promoted tissue regeneration and functional recovery in a rat bladder replacement model.
It is imperative to find an environmentally friendly method to design photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. In this work, ultrafine Bi6O7FCl3 nanotubes were synthesized and used as a template to realize ...the reverse growth of Bi-quantum-dots at the interface of Bi@Bi6O7FCl3-X (X = 20/60/90) nanotube. The facile construction of the (012) plane on Bi quantum dots, with a diameter of approximately 2 nm, was achieved by electron beam irradiation. Bi6O74+ cations and Cl44− anions were first generated through the hydrothermal reaction, and the interaction between the anions and cations resulted in the Bi6O7Cl4 unit intermediate, in which the negatively charged Cl44− separated the Bi6O74+ layers from each other. In addition, F atoms, with a strong electronegativity, entered the Cl44− layers, replacing a portion of the Cl atoms to form a new FCl34− layer. The binding energy of Bi was reduced by 0.16 eV, as shown by the XPS results. The photocatalytic activity of Bi@Bi6O7FCl3-X (X = 20/60/90) was determined by the production of CO from CO2. After 4 h of monitoring, the CO production rate of Bi@Bi6O7FCl3–90 was 15.79 μmol·g−1·h−1, which was 6.29 times that of Bi6O7FCl3. After 5 cycles, the CO production rate of Bi@Bi6O7FCl3-90 remained at approximately 61.07 μmol·g−1.
Display omitted
•Bi@Bi6O7FCl3 nanotubes are synthesized by an n-type semiconductor Bi6O7FCl3 template.•The facile construction of (012) plane Bi-quantum-dots is manufactured by in situ growth.•The XPS and band gap determination of Bi show a −0.16 eV shift.•The photocatalytic efficiency of Bi@Bi6O7FCl3–90 is 6.29 times that of Bi6O7FCl3.
Objective
Stem cell therapy represents a new approach to induce immune tolerance in solid organ transplantation. However, the time‐consuming process of stem cell expending limits the range of stem ...cell treatment. Uncultured adipose stromal vascular fraction is considered an attractive cell source for cell‐based therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stromal vascular fraction on the immune system in donation after circulatory death rat renal transplantation.
Methods
Stromal vascular fraction cells and splenocytes were co‐cultured to evaluate the effect of stromal vascular fraction on splenocyte proliferation and viability. Sprague–Dawley rats were used as donors. and Wistar rats as recipients to establish a donation after a circulatory death rat renal transplantation model. Warm ischemia time was 5 min. Stromal vascular fraction was administered in the rat model following the intra‐arterial route. The spleens and grafts of recipients were harvested on days 1, 3 and 7 post‐transplantation for assessing acute rejection, infiltration of inflammatory cells, indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase expression and T‐cell frequency in the spleen.
Results
Stromal vascular fraction could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of splenocytes in vitro (P < 0.05). The administration of stromal vascular fraction could significantly reduce acute rejection and infiltration of CD8+ T cells and mononuclear macrophages in grafts, and increase indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase expression (P < 0.05). The frequency of CD8+ T cells decreased, and the frequency of CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells increased in the spleen of the acute rejection + stromal vascular fraction group on day 7 post‐transplantation (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Administration of the adipose stromal vascular fraction could attenuate acute rejection in donation after circulatory death renal transplantation by increasing the ratio of regulatory T cells and enhancing indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase expression.
PDF
