This paper applies the panel unit root, heterogeneous panel cointegration and panel-based dynamic OLS to re-investigate the co-movement and relationship between energy consumption and economic growth ...for 30 provinces in mainland China from 1985 to 2007. The empirical results show that there is a positive long-run cointegrated relationship between real GDP per capita and energy consumption variables. Furthermore, we investigate two cross-regional groups, namely the east China and west China groups, and get more important results and implications. In the long-term, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita increases the consumption of energy by approximately 0.48–0.50% and accordingly increases the carbon dioxide emissions by about 0.41–0.43% in China. The economic growth in east China is energy-dependent to a great extent, and the income elasticity of energy consumption in east China is over 2 times that of the west China. At present, China is subject to tremendous pressures for mitigating climate change issues. It is possible that the GDP per capita elasticity of carbon dioxide emissions would be controlled in a range from 0.2 to 0.3 by the great effort.
Within the context of global climate change, achieving sustainable development in Northeast Asia will require in-depth research into the key scientific issues from both theoretical and empirical ...perspectives. This paper assesses that the main issues to be addressed are: (i) researches on the structure, function and differentiation disciplines of the vast and complex regional resources-environment-socio-economic system that is Northeast Asia and on how the region can respond and evolve. (ii) Failing to find a mode for sustainable development is one of the most serious restrictive factors to development in Northeast Asia, (iii) Development of cross-border regional socio-economic models for sustainable development is essential. And (iv) the strategies above require cross-border technical support platforms to guarantee a consistent approach to regional sustainability in Northeast Asia.
5 mm‐scale large FAPbI 3 single crystals and corresponding photoconductive properties are shown. The phase transition of FAPbI3 between the α‐phase and δ‐phase is studied. The carrier mobility is 4.4 ...cm2 V−1 s−1 with a lifetime of 484 ns in the bulk of the single crystal. Finally, photodetectors based on single‐crystal FAPbI3 are demonstrated.
•A new kind of SiC-enhanced composite phase change material (CPCM) is prepared.•Introducing the SiC component can enhance the mechanical strength of the CPCM.•SiC increases the thermal conductivity ...but reduces the electrical conductivity.•SiC-enhanced CPCM shows better cooling performance compared to that without SiC.
Conventional strategy to enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material (CPCM) may raise another neglected safety issue in practical applications of battery thermal management (BTM): the electrical conductivity of the CPCM module is significantly increased due to the addition of the conductive carbonaceous or metallic component. To address this issue, we develop a new kind of CPCM herein by introducing a silicon carbide (SiC)/expanded graphite thermal conductive skeleton. The high thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of the SiC endow the obtained CPCM with a high thermal conductivity but low electrical conductivity. For example, after adding 15 wt% of SiC, the volume resistivity of the CPCM is increased from 4.9 to 12.5 × 1011 Ω cm, whereas the corresponding thermal conductivity is increased from 1.1 to 2.0 W m−1 K−1, thus giving rise to a much better cooling performance for BTM, especially under high discharge rate. Furthermore, adding a suitable amount of the SiC will also enhance the mechanical strength, which is beneficial to the practical application.
Diarrhea is a leading cause of increased mortality in neonatal and young piglets. Aberration of the gut microbiota is one important factor in the etiology of piglet diarrhea. However, information ...regarding the structure and function of the gut microbiome in diarrheic neonatal piglets is limited. To investigate the composition and functional potential of the fecal microbiota in neonatal piglets, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on 20 fecal samples from diarrheic piglets and healthy controls, and metagenomics sequencing on a subset of six samples. We found striking compositional and functional differences in fecal microbiota between diarrheic and healthy piglets. Neonatal piglet diarrhea was associated with increases in the relative abundance of
,
, and
, as well as
. The increased relative abundance of
was correlated with the reduction in
and the majority of beneficial bacteria that belonging to the
phylum (e.g.,
,
,
, and
) in diarrheic piglets. The differentially functional gene abundances in diarrheic piglets were an increase in bacterial ribosome, and contributed primarily by the genera
, this indicates a growth advantage of the
in diarrheic conditions. Additional functional gene sets were associated with the reduction of polyamine transport, monosaccharide and sugar-specific PTS transport, amino acid transport, and two-component regulatory system. These profiles likely impact the ability to transport and uptake nutrients, as well as the ability to fight microbial infections in the piglet gut ecosystem. This work identifies a potential role for
in the community-wide microbial aberration and dysfunction that underpins the pathogenesis of piglet diarrhea. Identification of these microbial and functional signatures may provide biomarkers of neonatal piglet diarrhea.
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•New shape stabilized PCMs were prepared using epoxy as matrix.•A curing method was proposed to reduce the volume change of PCMs.•Microstructural and mechanical properties of PCMs ...were investigated.•Epoxy framework fixes the melted PCM, preventing PCM leakage to a great extent.
A novel phase change material with compact three-dimensional network structure and long cycle life was proposed, in which energy can be obtained from the thermal motion of surround molecule in environment. The composite was made from paraffin mixed with impact structure and shape stabilized epoxy at 70°C. During the phase change process, the epoxy not only provided a flexible encapsulated scaffold structure, but also maintained a highly tight network morphology. The thermal analysis results displayed the paraffin was distributed uniformly in the polymer matrices, moreover, there was no paraffin leaking during sample preparation. Mechanical test results showed an excellent performance on composites and the mechanical properties increased with an increase in epoxy content, meanwhile, when the paraffin and epoxy was prepared in a mass ration of 1:1, the composite can be cut into any shape, and also maintain good mechanical properties and thermal stability without any leakage. The results revealed that this new styling composite phase change material have good mechanical properties and thermal stability, it can be applied significantly in the long-term effective use of thermal energy storage.
The pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of 4 at% Mn-doped Bi4Ti2.9W0.1O12 (BiTW-Mn) Aurivillius ceramic were investigated and compared to Bi4Ti2.9W0.1O12 (BiTW) counterpart, which were ...fabricated using a conventional solid state reaction method. High resistivities of 4.9 × 1012 and 2.5 × 1011 Ω cm at 100 °C were obtained in the W-doped and W/Mn-codoped BiT ceramics, respectively. They showed similar activation energies and ionic-p-type mixed conduction mechanisms. Higher pyroelectric coefficients of 57.1 μC/m2K and piezoelectric coefficients of 21 pC/N, as well as much lower dielectric loss of 0.003 were achieved in W/Mn-codoped ceramics. These property changes were mainly induced by MnTi −Vo defect dipoles. The effect of acceptor doping was evidenced by an internal bias field, shown by a horizontal offset in the polarization-field behavior. The improved properties together with high thermal stability indicate that BiTW-Mn may be a promising candidate for pyroelectric and piezoelectric devices at elevated temperatures.
Optical properties of lead‐free ferroelectric pure and Mn‐doped 0.92Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.08K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT‐8KBT) single crystals have been investigated systematically. Refractive index and extinction ...coefficient were measured and the critical parameters are obtained by modified Sellmeier dispersion equations and single‐oscillator dispersion relation. The decline of refractive index for Mn:NBT‐8KBT could be related to the lattice distortion of the Mn ions doping. High transmittance (>70%) over the transparent region (>400 nm) was found in the pure NBT‐8KBT, higher than that of Mn:NBT‐8KBT, which could be caused by the increase of domain wall density. An about 100 nm red‐shift of absorption edge was observed in the Mn:NBT‐8KBT single crystal, which is located in the visible region. Optical bandgap energies calculated through Tauc equation and a large bandgap difference of 2.96 and 2.62 eV occurs in the NBT‐8KBT and Mn:NBT‐8KBT, respectively, which illustrates the modulation of the band structures by Mn doping.
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