An effective method for bonding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto carbon fibers (CFs) surface via layer-by-layer (LBL) grafting method is reported here. The CNTs have been chemically grafted as confirmed ...by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that this LBL method can increase the dispersion quality of the CNTs on CF surface. The polarity, wettability and roughness of the CFs have been significantly increased after the CNTs modifying. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and impact strength test suggest that the hierarchical structure can result in a remarkable improvement for the interfacial properties. The results also indicate that this LBL method is a promising technique to modify CFs with the high interfacial performance.
Type VI protein secretion systems (T6SSs) are specialized transport apparatus which can target both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and play key roles in host⁻pathogen⁻microbiota interactions. ...Therefore, T6SSs have attracted much attention as a research topic during the past ten years. In this review, we particularly summarized the T6SS antibacterial function, which involves an interesting offensive and defensive mechanism of the effector⁻immunity (E⁻I) pairs. The three main categories of effectors that target the cell wall, membranes, and nucleic acids during bacterial interaction, along with their corresponding immunity proteins are presented. We also discuss structural analyses of several effectors and E⁻I pairs, which explain the offensive and defensive mechanisms underpinning T6SS function during bacterial competition for niche-space, as well as the bioinformatics, proteomics, and protein⁻protein interaction (PPI) methods used to identify and characterize T6SS mediated E⁻I pairs. Additionally, we described PPI methods for verifying E⁻I pairs.
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a transmembrane protein nanomachine employed by many gram-negative bacteria to directly translocate effectors into adjacent cells or the extracellular milieu, ...showing multiple functions in both interbacterial competition and bacteria-host interactions. Metal ion transport is a newly discovered T6SS function. This review summarizes the identified T6SS functions and highlights the features of metal ion transport mediated by T6SS and discusses its regulation.
The contact-dependent type VI secretion system (T6SS) in diverse microbes plays crucial roles in both inter-bacterial and bacteria-host interactions. As numerous microorganisms inhabit the intestinal ...ecosystem at a high density, it is necessary to consider the functions of T6SS in intestinal bacteria. In this mini-review, we discuss T6SS-dependent functions in intestinal microbes, including commensal microbes and enteric pathogens, and list experimentally verified species of intestinal bacteria containing T6SS clusters. Several seminal studies have shown that T6SS plays crucial antibacterial roles in colonization resistance, niche occupancy, activation of host innate immune responses, and modulation of host intestinal mechanics. Some potential roles of T6SS in the intestinal ecosystem, such as targeting of single cell eukaryotic competitors, competition for micronutrients, and stress resistance are also discussed. Considering the distinct activities of T6SS in diverse bacteria residing in the intestine, we suggest that T6SS research in intestinal microbes may be beneficial for the future development of new medicines and clinical treatments.
To understand how different types of cues in vaccine education messages affect attitude toward campaign messages and vaccination intention, this study examined the impact of the presence of social ...norm appeals (individual vs. group cues) and the presence of fear appeals in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine campaign posters on perceived communication quality and vaccination intention. A 2 (social norm appeal: individual cue vs. group cue) × 2 (fear appeal: absence vs. presence) × 3 (repetition) within-subject factorial design experiment was conducted in China. Findings demonstrated that the presence of fear appeals in COVID-19 vaccine campaign posters elicited lower levels of perceived communication quality and vaccination intention than those without fear appeals. The interactive effect of fear appeals and social norm appeals was also found to be significant. Specifically, positive-framed messages (i.e., absence of fear appeals) with group cues and fear appeal messages with individual cues elicited higher perceived information quality and stronger vaccination intention than other types of messages. Understanding how these cues function jointly in COVID-19 vaccine campaign messages will help public health practitioners create more effective intervention strategies.
Herein, Co
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nanoparticles/nitrogen-doped carbon (Co
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/NPC) composites with different structures were prepared via a facile method. Structure control was achieved by the rational morphology ...design of ZIF-67 precursors, which were then pyrolyzed in air to obtain Co
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/NPC composites. When applied as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the M-Co
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/NPC composites derived from the flower-like ZIF-67 showed superior catalytic activities than those derived from the rhombic dodecahedron and hollow spherical ZIF-67. The former M-Co
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/NPC composite displayed a small over-potential of 0.3 V, low onset potential of 1.41 V, small Tafel slope of 83 mV dec
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, and a desirable stability. (94.7% OER activity was retained after 10 h.) The excellent performance of the flower-like M-Co
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/NPC composite in the OER was attributed to its favorable structure.
Developing low-cost electrocatalysts with excellent catalystic activity and superior stability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is still a big challenge. In this paper, we adopted zeolitic ...imidazolate zinc framework (ZIF-8) as precursor to fabricate Zn, Mn, S and P co-loaded on N doped carbon (ZnMnSP/NDC) via pyrolysis, adsorption, sulphurization and phosphorization processes and investigated its catalytic activity for HER. After being carefully researched, the loading of Mn, S and P can obviously improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst for HER. Mn and P elements are loaded on porous carbon homogeneously. Zn can react with S to form ZnS. More interestingly, the loading of S element can highly improve the graphitic degree of porous carbon. Furthermore, ZnMnSP/NDC exhibits excellent long-term stability for HER in the alkaline solution. The excellent electrocatalytic performance of ZnMnSP/NDC may be attributed to the high loading of Mn, S, P element and the unique nanoparticle-embedded porous carbon structure. This work provides a valuable way to fabricate non-precious elements co-loaded N doped carbon with excellent catalytic performance for HER.
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•ZnMnSP/NDC was successfully fabricated derived from ZIF-8.•ZnMnSP/NDC exhibits an overpotential of 178 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and a Tafel slope of 76.54 mV dec−1.•The doping of Mn, S and P on Zn/NDC can make the catalyst exhibiting excellent HER performance.
•Crude glycerol was converted into lipids by the oleaginous yeast R. toruloides.•Two-stage culture process improved lipid production efficiency.•High lipid yield of 0.22g/g glycerol was reached.
...Direct utilization of crude glycerol, a major byproduct in biodiesel industry, becomes imperative, because its production has outpaced the demand recently. We demonstrated that the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides Y4 had a great capacity to convert glycerol into lipids with high yield using the two-stage production process. Significantly higher cell mass and lipid yield were observed when the media were made with synthetic crude glycerol than pure glycerol. The process achieved a lipid yield of 0.22gg−1 glycerol, which was comparable with the lipid yield using glucose as the substrate. Lipid samples showed similar fatty acid compositional profiles to those of vegetable oils, suggesting that such microbial lipids were potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Our data provided an attractive route to integrate biodiesel production with microbial lipid technology for better resource efficiency and economical viability.
Background
The bioinformatics analysis on glioma has been a hot point recently. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the research in this field using a bibliometric method.
Methods
...The Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database was used to search for literature related to the bioinformatics analysis of gliomas. Countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords were analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel software.
Result
China was the most productive country, while the USA was the most cited. Capital Medical University had the largest number of publications and citations. Institutions tend to collaborate more with other institutions in their countries rather than foreign ones. The most productive and most cited author was Jiang Tao. Two citation paths were identified, with literature in basic research journals often cited in clinical journals. Immune-related vocabularies appeared frequently in recent studies.
Conclusion
Glioma bioinformatics analyses spanned a wide range of fields. The international communication in this field urgently needs to be strengthened. Glioma bioinformatics approaches are developing from basic research to clinical applications. Recently, immune-related research has become a focus.
Proteins are the elementary machinery of life, and their functions are carried out mostly by molecular interactions. Among those interactions, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the most ...important as they participate in or mediate all essential biological processes. However, many common methods for PPI investigations are slightly unreliable and suffer from various limitations, especially in the studies of dynamic PPIs. To solve this problem, a method called Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) was developed about seventeen years ago. Since then, BRET has evolved into a whole class of methods that can be used to survey virtually any kinds of PPIs. Compared to many traditional methods, BRET is highly sensitive, reliable, easy to perform, and relatively inexpensive. However, most importantly, it can be done in vivo and allows the real-time monitoring of dynamic PPIs with the easily detectable light signal, which is extremely valuable for the PPI functional research. This review will take a comprehensive look at this powerful technique, including its principles, comparisons with other methods, experimental approaches, classifications, applications, early developments, recent progress, and prospects.
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