China's basic pension insurance is an essential part of the Chinese social security system. This study is based on a dynamic panel data for 31 provinces in China using system-GMM estimation to ...analyze the relativity between expenditure level of basic pension insurance and labor migration along with other factors. Both the qualitative analysis and empirical study show how resident population proportion has a negative effect on the expenditure level, while the payment rate has a positive effect on the expenditure level periodically. Population aging structured by death rate has a negative effect on the expenditure level. Thus, implementing the proposed universal pension scheme should be based on the regional disparities in basic pension insurance measured by its expenditure level. Also, transfer payment mechanism should be shaped by labor mobility.
•A synthetic physics-driven framework for system-wide infrastructure resilience analysis is developed.•The synthetic physics-driven framework takes into account the interdependency effects of ...infrastructure systems.•A case study related to extreme weather events in Hong Kong is conducted to demonstrate the proposed framework.•The temporal-spatial heterogeneity of disruptive impacts of hazards on the performance of transportation system is identified.
Operationalizing resilience concepts and principles, in particular when interdependency is considered, remains a major challenge for the sustainable development of urban infrastructures and future cities. From theoretical perspective, not only does it call for sector-specific infrastructure asset management knowledge, traditional risk-based disaster analysis and emergency management techniques, but it also demands quality data and stakeholders’ competency to holistically integrate the information and analyze the data. To address these limitations, this research provides a physics-based synthesis framework for interdependent civil infrastructure system resilience analysis. The framework consists of four major components: (i) setting resilience analysis boundary through the prescribed criteria; (ii) establishing an infrastructure resilience management lifecycle; (iii) defining the physics-based modeling of infrastructure system functions; and (iv) designing the interfaces between interdependent infrastructure systems. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed framework are tested through a case study involving two interconnected infrastructure systems (i.e. stormwater drainage system and road transport system) located in Hong Kong. It incorporates relevant infrastructure information by using the ArcGIS platform which is integrated with the physics-based vulnerability analysis methods from the two distinct knowledge domains. Cascading effects of adverse events propagating through the two infrastructures are delineated using an empirical nominal damage function.
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI-C) in follicular lymphoma (FL) survivors.
A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted online ...between July and September 2020. The following psychometric properties of the FCRI-C were evaluated: construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, and reliability. Item variance was assessed using differential item functioning (DIF). A short version of the FCRI-C was developed using a two-parameter item response theory (IRT) model. The patterns of response scale, item fit, and item information were assessed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the clinical cut-off point for the FCRI-C.
A total of 326 FL survivors completed the questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the bi-factor structure of the FCRI-C. The IRT analysis confirmed a 10-item short version of the FCRI-C. Satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity were underpinned by a priori hypotheses. Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.82 indicated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The ROC curve determined a cut-off point of 83 and 20 for the full and short versions, respectively.
The FCRI-C used to measure and screen the levels of FCR in Chinese FL survivors was found to be valid and reliable.
Implications for Rehabilitation
The Chinese Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI-C) is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in follicular lymphoma survivors.
The short version of the FCRI-C provides a rapid screening tool for the clinical detection of FCR in patients.
The cut-off point of the FCRI-C could differentiate patients between "high" and "low" levels of FCR in clinical practice.
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•1. High leaching selectivity is achieved with very little NH3/NH4+ emission.•2. Direct realization of MOCVD waste to Ga2O3 products with a purity of 99.97%.•3. This technique is ...environmentally and economically more promising by assessment.
With the rapid development of the LED industry, gallium (Ga)-bearing waste generated is regarded as one of the most hazardous as it typically contains heavy metals and combustible organics. Traditional technologies are characterized by long processing routes, complex metal separation processes and significant secondary pollution emission. In this study, we proposed an innovative and green strategy to selectively recovery Ga from Ga-bearing waste by using a quantitative phase-controlling transition process. In the phase-controlling transition process, the gallium nitride (GaN) and indium (In) are converted to alkali-soluble gallium (III) oxide (Ga2O3) and alkali-insoluble indium oxides (In2O3) by oxidation calcination, while nitrogen is converted into diatomic nitrogen gas instead of ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+). By selective leaching with NaOH solution, nearly 92.65% of Ga can be recycled with a leaching selectivity of 99.3%, while little emissions of NH3/NH4+. Ga2O3 with a purity of 99.97% was obtained from the leachate which is also economy promising by economic assessment. Therefore, the proposed methodology compared to the conventional acid and alkali leaching methods is potentially greener and more efficient process for extracting valuable metals from nitrogen-bearing solid waste.
Deep learning-based models have achieved remarkable performance in video super-resolution (VSR) in recent years, but most of these models are less applicable to online video applications. These ...methods solely consider the distortion quality and ignore crucial requirements for online applications, e.g., low latency and low model complexity. In this paper, we focus on online video transmission in which VSR algorithms are required to generate high-resolution video sequences frame by frame in real time. To address such challenges, we propose an extremely low-latency VSR algorithm based on a novel kernel knowledge transfer method, named the convolutional kernel bypass graft (CKBG). First, we design a lightweight network structure that does not require future frames as inputs and saves extra time for caching these frames. Then, our proposed CKBG method enhances this lightweight base model by bypassing the original network with "kernel grafts", which are extra convolutional kernels containing the prior knowledge of the external pretrained image SR models. During the testing phase, we further accelerate the grafted multibranch network by converting it into a simple single-path structure. The experimental results show that our proposed method can process online video sequences up to 110 FPS with very low model complexity and competitive SR performance.
All-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite with phase stabilization are fabricated by employing a simple one-pot solution method with ethanediamine as the additive. The ethanediamine induceds the phase ...stabilization temperature of all-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite film as low as 80 °C by reducing the grain size, which is the lowest reported phase stabilization temperature for CsPbI3 film so far. More importantly, the prepared films can be stable at room temperature for two months without phase decomposition. The CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells demonstrate power conversion efficiency to 9.62%.
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•The ethanediamine induceds the phase stabilization temperature of all-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite as low as 80 °C.•The perovskite films with phase stabilization are fabricated by employing a simple way with ethanediamine as the additive.•The prepared films can be stable at room temperature for two months without phase decomposition.
Yang, Q.G.; Ning, J.C.; Yang, Y.F., and Li, Y., 2020. Study on the treatment of cracks in the base course of coastal expressways based on the principle of fracture mechanics. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and ...Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 29–33. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. During the construction of a highway in the coastal area of Guangxi, China, longitudinal and transverse cracks appeared in the cement stabilized macadam base. On-site comprehensive analysis shows that the road bed filler has weak expansibility and expands after rainfall, thus causing cracks in the base layer. It is difficult to eradicate the cracks in the base layer by the existing treatment methods for cracks in the base layer, and the further development of cracks will endanger the upper layer of the pavement. Based on the principle of crack propagation and crack resistance, a crack treatment method combining crack resistance, waterproofing and structural function is proposed: A water-impermeable film is set at the top crack surface to block the external water source. The film has sufficient fracture toughness to resist the forward extension of the crack tip and can also strengthen the interface bond to restore the overall performance of the pavement structure. After the implementation of the crack treatment method, the corresponding problems can be effectively solved. This treatment method can be of great reference to the relevant problems of crack treatment.
The Kaplan–Meier curve and the namesake Kaplan–Meier 1958 paper is the most cited statistical paper in the history. We study the error analysis of the popular Kaplan–Meier curve. We describe in ...detail and recommend a method based on the calculation of constrained Kaplan–Meier curve and the recently developed Empirical Likelihood theory. Examples are given illustrating how such error analysis are carried out, using the software R and package KMC. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1400. doi: 10.1002/wics.1400
This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > EM Algorithm
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Maximum Likelihood Methods
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
A constrained Kaplan‐Meier curve: two linear constraints at t = 500 and t = 900. A push up at t = 500 and pull down at t = 900.
