Processable and Moldable Sodium‐Metal Anodes Wang, Aoxuan; Hu, Xianfei; Tang, Haoqing ...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
September 18, 2017, Letnik:
56, Številka:
39
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Sodium‐ion batteries are similar in concept and function to lithium‐ion batteries, but their development and commercialization lag far behind. One obstacle is the lack of a standard reference ...electrode. Unlike Li foil reference electrodes, sodium is not easily processable or moldable and it deforms easily. Herein we fabricate a processable and moldable composite Na metal anode made from Na and reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO). With only 4.5 % percent r‐GO, the composite anodes had improved hardness, strength, and stability to corrosion compared to Na metal, and can be engineered to various shapes and sizes. The plating/stripping cycling of the composite anode was significantly extended in both ether and carbonate electrolytes giving less dendrite formation. We used the composite anode in both Na‐O2 and Na‐Na3V2(PO4)3 full cells.
Sodium to GO: An obstacle to the development of sodium‐based energy systems is the lack of a standard reference electrode. Sodium deforms easily and if rolled into a film to be used as the reference electrode it is difficult to control its shape and thickness. But sodium with 4.5 % reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO) gives Na@r‐GO composite anodes that can be processed and molded and have improved electrochemical properties.
The increasing number of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria has severely affected human society, for instance, numerous deaths are from Gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus ...(MRSA) each year. In this work, four biodegradable antibacterial polymer materials based on cationic polyaspartamide derivatives with different lengths of side chains are synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of β‐benzyl‐l‐aspartate N‐carboxy anhydride, followed by an aminolysis reaction and subsequent methylation reaction. The cationic quaternary ammonium groups contribute to the insertion of the catiomers into the negatively charged bacterial membranes, which leads to membranolysis, the leakage of bacterial content, and the death of pathogens. Except for wiping out MRSA readily, the biodegradable polymers possessing alterable antibacterial potency can minimize the possibility of microbial resistance and mitigate drug accumulation by virtue of their cleavable backbone. To manipulate the poor biocompatibility of these polycations, carboxylatopillar5arene (CP5A) is introduced to the polymeric antibacterial catiomers through the supramolecular host–guest approach to obtain novel antibacterial materials with pH‐sensitive characteristics (with CP5A departure from cationic quaternary ammonium compounds under acid conditions) and selective targeting of Gram‐positive bacteria. Finally, the facile and robust antibacterial system is successfully applied to in vivo MRSA‐infected wound healing, providing a significant reference for the construction of advanced antibacterial biomaterials.
Supramolecular biomaterials are subtly constructed from quaternary ammonium salts of polyaspartamide derivatives and carboxylatopillar5arene sodium salts through host–guest complexation, exhibiting excellent biodegradability, good biocompatibility, pH stimuli‐responsive antimicrobial properties, selective targeting of Gram‐positive bacteria, and simultaneous mitigation of antimicrobial resistance. This strategy provides a significant reference for the construction of advanced antibacterial biomaterial in clinic therapy.
Discrete organometallic complexes with defined structures are proceeding rapidly in combating malignant tumors due to their multipronged treatment modalities. Many innovative superiorities, such as ...high antitumor activity, extremely low systemic toxicity, active targeting ability, and enhanced cellular uptake, make them more competent for clinical applications than individual precursors. In particular, coordination-induced regulation of luminescence and photophysical properties of organic light-emitting ligands has demonstrated significant potential in the timely evaluation of therapeutic efficacy by bioimaging and enabled synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photothermal therapy (PTT). This review highlights instructive examples of multimodal radiochemotherapy platforms for cancer ablation based on self-assembled metallacycles/metallacages, which would be classified by functions in a progressive manner. Finally, the essential demands and some plausible prospects in this field for cancer therapy are also presented.
Linear copolymer hosts bearing a number of pillar5arene dangling side chains are synthesized for the facile construction of highly emissive supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) upon noncovalently ...cross‐linking with a series of tetraphenyethylene (TPE)‐based tetratopic guests terminated with different functional groups through supramolecular host–guest interactions. An extremely high fluorescence quantum yield (98.22%) of the SPNs materials is obtained in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by fine‐tuning the parameters, and meanwhile supramolecular light‐harvesting systems based on spherical supramolecular nanoparticles are constructed by interweaving 9,10‐distyrylanthracene (DSA) and TPE‐based guest molecules of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) with the copolymer hosts in the mixed solvent of THF/H2O. The present study not only illustrates the restriction of the intramolecular rotations (RIR)‐ruled emission enhancement mechanism regulated particularly by macrocyclic arene‐containing copolymer hosts, but also suggests a new self‐assembly approach to construct high‐performance light‐harvesting materials.
Supramolecular polymer networks and supramolecular nanoparticles based on copolymer hosts bearing a number of pillar5arene dangling side chains and tetraphenyethylene‐based tetratopic guests are fabricated, incorporating high fluorescence quantum yield, tunable emission wavelength, and stable microstructures. This facile strategy suggests a new self‐assembly approach to construct high‐performance light‐harvesting materials.
The concept of self-healing synthetic materials emerged a couple of decades ago and continues to attract scientific community. Driven primarily by an opportunity to develop life-like materials on one ...hand, and sustainable technologies on the other, several successful approaches to repair mechanically damaged materials have been explored. This review examines chemical and physical processes occurring during self-healing of polymers as well as examines the role of interfaces in rigid nano-objects in multi-component composites. The complex nature of processes involved in self-healing demands understanding of multi-level molecular and macroscopic events. Two aspects of self-healing are particularly intriguing: physical flow (macro) of matter at or near a wound and chemical re-bonding (molecular) of cleaved bonds. These events usually occur concurrently, and depending upon interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics of the processes involved, these transient relations as well as efficiency are critical in designing self-healing materials. This review examines covalent bonding and supramolecular chemistry in the context of molecular heterogeneities in repair processes. Interfacial regions in nanocomposites also facilitate an opportunity for supramolecular assemblies or covalent bonding which, if designed properly, are capable of self-repairs.
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•Proton conductive carboxylate-based MOFs were reviewed.•Aliphatic carboxylate-based and aromatic carboxylate-based MOFs were included.•Proton conductivity and conducting mechanism ...were discussed.•The future development trend of such MOFs is prospected.
As a significant type of crystalline solid proton conducting materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been paid great attention and pursued by researchers. In this review, we will mainly summarize the proton conduction explorations of MOFs based on carboxylate ligands (including aliphatic carboxylate-based and aromatic carboxylate-based MOFs) from the aspects of synthetic strategies, stability, proton conductive properties and mechanism, application, etc. Finally, on the basis of summarization of literature and our own research on proton conduction, development prospects and challenges for such conductive materials in the future are highlighted.
Mixed Pb–In perovskite solar cells are fabricated by using lead(II) chloride and indium(III) chloride with methylammonium iodide. A maximum power conversion efficiency as high as 17.55% is achieved ...owing to the high quality of perovskites with multiple ordered crystal orientations.
The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a conserved and fundamental process during which the maternal environment is converted to an environment of embryonic-driven development through dramatic ...reprogramming. However, how maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein, through genome-wide profiling of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in zebrafish early embryos, we found that m5C-modified maternal mRNAs display higher stability than non-m5C-modified mRNAs during MZT. We discovered that Y-box binding protein 1 (Ybx1) preferentially recognizes m5C-modified mRNAs through π-π interactions with a key residue, Trp45, in Ybx1’s cold shock domain (CSD), which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Together with the mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a, Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates an unexpected mechanism of RNA m5C-regulated maternal mRNA stabilization during zebrafish MZT, highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA modification in early development.
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•RNA-BisSeq revealed a dynamic RNA m5C landscape during zebrafish embryogenesis•Ybx1 preferentially recognizes m5C-modified mRNAs•Ybx1 deficiency leads to early gastrulation defects in zebrafish embryos•Ybx1 and Pabpc1a coordinately regulate m5C-modified maternal mRNA stability
RNA modifications exert important effects in many critical physiological processes. Using RNA-BisSeq, Yang et al. provide a comprehensive view of the RNA m5C landscape in zebrafish early embryos and show that m5C-modified maternal mRNAs are stabilized by Ybx1 and Pabpc1a during zebrafish MZT.
Lightweight metal‐polymer composited foam has drawn considerable attention in fields of wearable electronics, acoustic and electromagnetic shielding, automotive and aerospace manufacturing, owing to ...its unique advantages like electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Herein, a facile strategy is studied for one‐step fabrication of multifunctional liquid metal (LM) permeated expancel microspheres foam (EMLM foam) with controllable shape and size. Specifically, the formation process and mechanism of bicontinuous structure with polymer and liquid metal are explored by real‐time monitoring and finite element simulation. Both experimental and simulating results confirmed a stable 3D metal interconnected network that can be constructed with lower limit of LM (3 vol.%). In addition, based on the unique features of reversible rigidity control, lightweight, electrical conductivity, and mechanical stability, the EMLM foam can exhibit intelligent performance in tunable acoustic, energy absorption, and thermal driving repair. Combined with EMLM foam's facile preparation process and versatility, it can provide the remarkable opportunity to develop the lightweight intelligent devices.
An inside to outside strategy is proposed for one‐step fabrication of lightweight foam (density <0.3 g cm−3) with bicontinuous structure of polymer and metal. A stable conductive network with ultra‐low liquid metal content is constructed and the formation mechanism is studied in detail. The bicontinuous structure endows the foam with excellent reversible and controllable rigidity, lightweight, electrical conductivity, and mechanical stability.
Hybrid fluorescent materials constructed from organic chelating fluorescent probes and inorganic solid supports by covalent interactions are a special type of hybrid sensing platform that has gained ...much interest in the context of metal ion sensing applications owing to their excellent advantages, recyclability, and solubility/dispersibility in particular, as compared with single organic fluorescent molecules. In recent decades, SiO2 materials and core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles have become important inorganic solid materials and have been used as inorganic solid supports to hybridize with organic fluorescent receptors, resulting in multifunctional fluorescent hybrid systems for potential applications in sensing and related research fields. Therefore, recent progress in various fluorescent‐group‐functionalized SiO2 materials is reviewed, with a focus on mesoporous silica nanoparticles and core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles, as interesting fluorescent organic–inorganic hybrid materials for sensing applications toward essential and toxic metal ions. Selective examples of other types of silica/silicon materials, such as periodic mesoporous organosilicas, solid SiO2 nanoparticles, fibrous silica spheres, silica nanowires, silica nanotubes, and silica hollow microspheres, are also mentioned. Finally, relevant perspectives of metal‐ion‐sensing‐oriented silica‐fluorescent probe hybrid materials are provided.
Fluorophore‐incorporated SiO2 materials and core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles are promising organic–inorganic hybrid materials for applications in the environmental and biological fields. In this review, various fluorophore‐functionalized SiO2 and core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2‐containing sensing materials are systematically summarized and discussed, from their attached fluorophore structures to their applications in metal ions sensing and removal.
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