The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) are cellularly and functionally diverse along their anterior-posterior and superficial-deep axes. Here, we find that anterior BLA ...(aBLA) and posterior BLA (pBLA) innervate deep-layer calbindin1-negative (Calb1-) and superficial-layer calbindin1-positive neurons (Calb1+) in vCA1, respectively. Photostimulation of pBLA-vCA1 inputs has an anxiolytic effect in mice, promoting approach behaviours during conflict exploratory tasks. By contrast, stimulating aBLA-vCA1 inputs induces anxiety-like behaviour resulting in fewer approaches. During conflict stages of the elevated plus maze task vCA1
neurons are preferentially activated at the open-to-closed arm transition, and photostimulation of vCA1
neurons at decision-making zones promotes approach with fewer retreats. In the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, which shows anxiety-like behaviour, photostimulating the pBLA-vCA1
circuit ameliorates the anxiety in a Calb1-dependent manner. These findings suggest the pBLA-vCA1
circuit from heterogeneous BLA-vCA1 connections drives approach behaviour to reduce anxiety-like behaviour.
Aiming at multiple quantities and types of targets, multi-class multi-target tracking usually faces not only cardinality errors, but also mis-classification problems. Considering its performance ...evaluation, the traditional optimal subpattern assignment (OSPA) method tends to calculate a separate metric for each class of targets, or introduce other indexes such as the classification error rate, which decreases the value of OSPA as a comprehensive single metric. This paper proposed a hierarchical multi-level class label for multi-class multi-target tracking under hierarchical multilevel classification, which can synthetically measure the state errors, cardinality error, and mis-classification. The hierarchical multi-level class label is introduced as an attached label to finite sets based on the hierarchical tree-structured categorization. A Wasserstein distance type metric then can be defined among the distribution represented by any two labels. The proposed label metric is a mathematic metric, and its advantages are illustrated by examples in several cases.
The advanced treatment of secondary effluents was investigated by employing heterogeneous catalytic ozonation integrated with a biological aerated filter (BAF) process. The results indicated that ...catalytic ozonation with the prepared catalyst (Mn
Cu
O
/γ-Fe
O
) significantly enhanced the performance of pollutant removal and broke up macromolecules into molecular substances by the generated hydroxyl radicals. These molecular substances were easily absorbed by microorganisms in the microbial membrane reactor. In the BAF process, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (chemical oxygen demand) decreased from 54.26 to 32.56 mg/L, while in catalytic ozonation coupled with the BAF, COD could be reduced to 14.65 mg/L (removal ratio 73%). Under the same condition, NH
-N decreased from 77.43 to 22.69 mg/L and 15.73 mg/L (removal ratio 70%) in the BAF and the catalytic ozonation coupled with BAF, respectively. In addition, the model that highly correlated influent COD to effluent COD and reactor height for filler could predict the removal ratio of COD of the BAF system. Based on the microbial community analysis, ozone in the solution had a certain screening effect on microorganisms, which helped to better adapt to the ozone-containing environment. Therefore, the integrated process with its efficient, economic, and sustainable advantages was suitable for the advanced treatment of secondary effluents.
Grain moisture content (GMC) is a key indicator of the appropriate harvest period of rice. Conventional testing is time-consuming and laborious, thus not to be implemented over vast areas and to ...enable the estimation of future changes for revealing optimal harvesting. Images of single panicles were shot with smartphones and corrected using a spectral–geometric correction board. In total, 86 panicle samples were obtained each time and then dried at 80 °C for 7 days to acquire the wet-basis GMC. In total, 517 valid samples were obtained, in which 80% was randomly used for training and 20% was used for testing to construct the image-based GMC assessment model. In total, 17 GMC surveys from a total of 201 samples were also performed from an area of 1 m2 representing on-site GMC, which enabled a multi-day GMC prediction. Eight color indices were selected using principal component analysis for building four machine learning models, including random forest, multilayer perceptron, support vector regression (SVR), and multivariate linear regression. The SVR model with a MAE of 1.23% was the most suitable for GMC of less than 40%. This study provides a real-time and cost-effective non-destructive GMC measurement using smartphones that enables on-farm prediction of harvest dates and facilitates the harvesting scheduling of agricultural machinery.
Update on fosfomycin-modified genes in Enterobacteriaceae Yang, Tsung-Ying; Lu, Po-Liang; Tseng, Sung-Pin
Journal of microbiology, immunology and infection,
February 2019, 2019-Feb, 2019-02-00, 20190201, 2019-02-01, Letnik:
52, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The long-used antibiotic fosfomycin has recently been re-evaluated as a potential regimen for treating extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). ...Fosfomycin is known for its robust bactericidal effect against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and CRE. However, fosfomycin-modified genes have been reported in transposon elements and conjugative plasmids, resulting in fosfomycin resistance in parts of East Asia. Here we review reports of fosfomycin-modified (fos) genes in Enterobacteriaceae and assess the efficacy of fosfomycin against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. At least 10 kinds of fos genes have been identified in the past decade; of these, fosA (and fosA subtypes) and fosC2 are primarily found in Enterobacteriaceae. All fosA subtypes except fosA2 are found in plasmids and transposons, nearby insertion sequence elements, or integrons, indicating that mobilizing elements also play an important role in plasmid-mediated fos genes in Enterobacteriaceae. fosA3, which is prevalent in East Asia, has been transmitted (mostly by animals) within and across continents via IS26 mobile elements. The acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistance genes via plasmids and mobile elements has resulted in a need for combined treatments for Enterobacteriaceae cases. The combination of fosfomycin and carbapenem has been the focus of many in vitro studies, but there is a clear need for additional in vivo investigations involving pharmacokinetics.
Immune and inflammatory responses have an important function in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, little is known about the immune landscape in peripheral circulation in ...patients with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). We apply single-cell transcriptomics to characterize the monocytes that are significantly enriched in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HAPH patients. We discover an increase in C1 (non-classical) and C2 (intermediate) monocytes in PBMCs and a decrease in hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) in all monocyte subsets associated with HAPH. In addition, we demonstrate that similar immune adaptations may exist in HAPH and PH. Overall, we characterize an immune cell atlas of the peripheral blood in HAPH patients. Our data provide evidence that specific monocyte subsets and HIF-1α downregulation might be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAPH.
Lung cancer is considered the number one cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although current treatments initially reduce the lung cancer burden, relapse occurs in most cases; the major causes ...of mortality are drug resistance and cancer stemness. Recent investigations have provided evidence that shikonin generates various bioactivities related to the treatment of cancer. We used shikonin to treat multi-resistant non-small lung cancer cells (DOC-resistant A549/D16, VCR-resistant A549/V16 cells) and defined the anti-cancer efficacy of shikonin. Our results showed shikonin induces apoptosis in these
-dependent and independent chemoresistance cancer sublines. Furthermore, we found that low doses of shikonin inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer stem-like cells by inhibiting spheroid formation. Concomitantly, the mRNA level and protein of stemness genes (
and
) were repressed significantly on both sublines. Shikonin reduces the phosphorylated Akt and p70s6k levels, indicating that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is downregulated by shikonin. We further applied several signaling pathway inhibitors that have been used in anti-cancer clinical trials to test whether shikonin is suitable as a sensitizer for various signaling pathway inhibitors. In these experiments, we found that low doses shikonin and dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor (BEZ235) have a synergistic effect that inhibits the spheroid formation from chemoresistant lung cancer sublines. Inhibiting the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells is believed to reduce the recurrence of lung cancer; therefore, shikonin's anti-drug resistance and anti-cancer stem cell activities make it a highly interesting molecule for future combined lung cancer therapy.
Introduction Pseudocydonia sinensis , also known as Chinese quince, is a perennial shrub or small tree highly valued for its edibility and medicinal properties. Method This study presents the first ...chromosome-level genome assembly of P. sinensis , achieved using HiFi sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding technology. Results The assembly resulted in a high-quality genome of 576.39 Mb in size. The genome was anchored to 17 pseudo-chromosomes, with a contig N50 of 27.6 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 33.8 Mb. Comprehensive assessment using BUSCO, CEGMA and BWA tools indicates the high completeness and accuracy of the genome assembly. Our analysis identified 116 species-specific genes, 1196 expanded genes and 1109 contracted genes. Additionally, the distribution of 4DTv values suggests that the most recent duplication event occurred before the divergence of P. sinensis from both Chaenomeles pinnatifida and Pyrus pyrifolia . Discussion The assembly of this high-quality genome provides a valuable platform for the genetic breeding and cultivation of P. sinensis , as well as for the comparison of the genetic complexity of P. sinensis with other important crops in the Rosaceae family.
MnO2/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)–embedded carbon nanofibers (CNFs) nanocomposites (MnO2/CNTs–CNFs) have been prepared using electrospinning and in situ redox deposition technique. The as-prepared ...nanocomposites were directly employed as freestanding electrodes to evaluate the electrochemical properties. Results showed that the nanoscopic MnO2 deposits were incorporated uniformly into the CNTs–embedded CNFs network structure, which hold a great promise for high-performance supercapacitor applications. Compared to the pure CNFs substrate, the improved electric conductivity of CNTs–embedded CNFs substrate enabled a better utilization of MnO2 coating, thus resulting in higher specific capacitance (374F/g) and better rate capability (53.4%). Excellent capacitance retention of 94% of the initial capacitance after 1000cycles was achieved on the freestanding MnO2/CNTs–CNFs nanocomposites electrode. The specific capacitance was found to increase significantly with the increase in the electrolyte temperature, which offered an insight into the practical supercapacitor applications.
The study aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of literature reviews on normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in head and neck cancer patients using radiation therapy. It employs ...meta-analysis (MA) and natural language processing (NLP).
The study consists of two parts. First, it employs MA to assess NTCP models for xerostomia, dysphagia, and mucositis after radiation therapy, using Python 3.10.5 for statistical analysis. Second, it integrates NLP with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to optimize literature search, reducing 3256 articles to 12. CNN settings include a batch size of 50, 50-200 epoch range and a 0.001 learning rate.
The study's CNN-NLP model achieved a notable accuracy of 0.94 after 200 epochs with Adamax optimization. MA showed an AUC of 0.67 for early-effect xerostomia and 0.74 for late-effect, indicating moderate to high predictive accuracy but with high variability across studies. Initial CNN accuracy of 66.70% improved to 94.87% post-tuning by optimizer and hyperparameters.
The study successfully merges MA and NLP, confirming high predictive accuracy for specific model-feature combinations. It introduces a time-based metric, words per minute (WPM), for efficiency and highlights the utility of MA and NLP in clinical research.
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