Different ionomic profiles of plants are associated with different external stresses to which they are exposed. Investigation of ionomic variation is necessary for understanding the migration and ...detoxification of toxic elements in plants. In the current study, rice plants were treated with arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid in hydroponics. The ionomic responses of the rice plants to different arsenic (As) species stresses were measured and analyzed. The multielement approach is more sensitive at detecting significant variations from external environmental stresses than the consideration of several individual elements. The pairs of significant correlations between elements varied based on the rice tissues and As species used in treatment, resulting in specific correlation networks. However, some pairs of correlations existed regardless of As species treatment used in this study. Positive correlations between P and Fe were observed in rice roots treated with any of the As species, implying that P and Fe share similar biological processes. The heatmap from hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) agreed with the principal component analysis (PCA) results in ionomic differentiation between roots and shoots. Furthermore, ionomic differences between rice plants treated with different As species were identified through PCA. This study revealed that the ionomic profiles in rice plants are sufficient to detect responses to environmental perturbations. Association studies between ionomics and genomics are necessary to further understand the potential mechanisms that promote uptake or exclusion of elements in plants.
Display omitted
•The ionomic responses of rice plants to As species stresses were determined.•Multielement approach is sensitive to detect variations from environmental stress.•Ionomic profiles were capable to detect the response to external perturbations.•Correlation between P and Fe was attributed to their similar biological processes.
Rational disposal of sludge is an ongoing concern. This work is the first attempt for in-depth statistical analysis of anaerobic digestion (AD) research in recent three decades (1986-2022) using both ...quantitative and qualitative approaches in bibliometrics to investigate the research progress, trends and hot spots. All publications in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 1986 to April 4, 2022 were analyzed. Results showed that the research on AD started in 1999 and the number of papers significantly increased since 2012. The research about the disposal of sewage sludge mainly focuses on energy recovery (e.g. methane and short chain volatile organic acids) by AD. Besides, different pretreatment technologies were studied in this study to eliminate the negative effects on the disposal of sludge caused by hydrolysis (rate-limiting step of AD), water content (increasing the costs) and heavy metal (toxic to the environment) of sludge. Of those, the treatment technologies related to direct interspecies electron transfer were worth further studied in the future. Towards that end, iron conductive material, iron-based advanced oxidation and biological treatment were concluded as the prospective technologies and worth to further study.
The discriminatory detection of Cys/Hcy, GSH and H2S in living cells and organism (zebrafish) was realized by a triple-emission fluorescent probe TCAN through the combination of three distinct ...fluorescence signals (blue-green-red).
Display omitted
•A triple-emission fluorescent probe, TCAN, was developed for the discriminatory detection of Cys/Hcy, GSH and H2S.•TCAN was successfully used for imaging Cys/Hcy, GSH and H2S in living cells and zebrafish.•TCAN is the first fluorescent probe to differentiate Cys/Hcy, GSH and H2S in living organisms (zebrafish) using three-color fluorescence imaging.
Biothiols such as Cys, Hcy, GSH, and H2S are a critical branch of reactive sulfur species (RSS) and play indispensable roles in human physiological processes. To better understand the intricate and symbiotic networks between these biothiols in physiological processes, single-molecule fluorescent probes to simultaneously distinguish them are highly desirable. Herein, we judiciously conjugated an azide-functionalized tetrahydroquinoxaline coumarin precursor with a NBD-masked 7-hydroxycoumarin through an ester bond to develop a robust fluorescent probe, TCAN, for the differentiation of Cys/Hcy, GSH, and H2S. TCAN displayed three distinct fluorescence signals in response to biothiols: blue-green for Cys/Hcy, blue for GSH, and blue-red for H2S. Significantly, the first discriminatory detection of Cys/Hcy, GSH and H2S in living organisms (zebrafish) was realized using probe TCAN.
•Combing usage of QuEChERS and DLLME for the determination of neonicotinoid residues in grains.•Smart role of water as extractant in QuEChERS and as external phase in DLLME.•Extraction relay using ...MeCN after water in QuEChERS and successive play of MeCN as dispersant in DLLME.•Comprehensive consideration of the single factor test and response surface method to optimize parameters.•Good sensitivity, precision, and applicability of the developed method for real grains samples.
Monitoring neonicotinoid residues in grains is of significant interest for the proper assessment of pesticide exposure to human. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method combined with dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (QuEChERS-DLLME) was developed for extracting, purifying, and concentrating seven common neonicotinoid pesticides from the grains (rice, millet, and maize). Water and acetonitrile were used in tandem as extractants in QuEChERS, while water, acetonitrile, and trichloromethane in DLLME acted as the external phase, dispersant, and extractant, respectively. Comprehensive consideration of the single factor test and response surface method to optimize parameters including type and volume of extractants and dispersant. The evaluation showed that the QuEChERS-DLLME method held excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99). The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.003 to 0.08 µg kg−1 for the seven insecticides. The recoveries were in the range of 62–118%, and good reproducibility was obtained with a relative standard deviation below 15%.
Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) as the staple food in China was found to be efficient in accumulating arsenic (As) due to cultivated in flooded paddy soil. Uptake and translocation of As in rice plant ...depended on the As species. In this work, rice plant samples including roots, straws and grains as well as rhizosphere soils were collected from paddy fields near Changsha, a mine impacted city in Southern China. The total As concentrations in the collected samples were observed in the descending order as root > soil > straw > grain. The predominant As species detected in rice plants were inorganic forms: arsenite As(III) and arsenate As(V). Except monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA), other two organoarsenicals, arsenobetaine (AsB) and arsenocholine (AsC), were also detected in rice plants. DMA and AsB were mainly formed in rice roots with the assistance of microorganisms. MMA and AsC detected in straws might be derived from methylation and oxidation of As(III). The results of multiple linear regressions indicated that the straw As species were remarkable predictors of the corresponding grain As species. Demethylation or degradation of MMA, DMA and AsC were predicted when translocated from straw to grain.
•AsB was detected in the rice roots and straws while AsC in the straws and grains.•The straw iAs% increased with straw tAs concentration in a hyperbolic pattern.•The grain iAs% was linearly and negatively dependent on grain tAs concentration.•Demethylations of MMA and DMA were predicted when translocated from straw to grain.
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) remains an ongoing issue because of their widespread occurrence and toxicity. Various organic substances in Algogenic organic matter (AOM) can produce DBPs in the ...chlorination process. To provide specific suggestions for the targeted removal of DBP precursors in AOM, the main biochemical components in AOM were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. An accurate model for predicting the DBP formation potentials (DBPFPs) of AOM was herein developed based on the dissolved organic carbon of the five main biochemical components in AOM and the DBPFPs of their corresponding surrogates. The contributions of each biochemical component to the three DBP species were evaluated, and the key components were identified. The results showed that lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, humic acid-like substances, and fulvic acid-like substances were the main biochemical components in AOM. Thereof, proteins (71.2 ± 2.1%) and carbohydrates (53.1 ± 2.1%) were the major contributor to the carbon content in intracellular organic matter and extracellular organic matter, respectively. The contribution results of biochemical components to the formation of DBPs showed that proteins were the key contributor to DBPs, suggesting that the targeted removal of proteins before the chlorination process would effectively reduce DBPs from AOM.
Display omitted
•Carbon contents of biochemical components in AOM were first determined.•Main biochemical components in AOM were qualitatively determined.•Proteins and carbohydrates were the major biochemical components in AOM.•Proteins in AOM were the key contributor to DBPs during chlorination of AOM.
Display omitted
•Twenty-nine DBPs including nitrosamines were investigated in swimming pools.•The risk assessment of nitrosamines in pool water was reported firstly.•The reliability of using THMs as ...the sole standard for DBPs was discussed.•The multivariate regression model for DBP concentrations was developed.
Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process used to inactivate pathogens and prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases in swimming pools. However, toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are inevitably formed during the process. To improve the supervision and regulation of DBPs in swimming pools, the reliability of using trihalomethanes (THMs) as the sole indicator of organic DBPs and the possibility of using easily detectable water quality parameters as predictors of DBPs were discussed based on the occurrence of 29 typical DBPs in swimming pools. Among the target DBP categories, THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were the prominent species, and the concentrations of HAAs were the highest. The risk assessment results indicated that the total risk values in most pools were higher than the acceptable value (10−6). Compared with nitrosamines and THMs, HAAs were the main contributors to the cancer risks posed by dermal absorption and ingestion. THMs (r = 0.619; p < 0.01) and HAAs (r = 0.989; p < 0.01) were both significantly correlated with total DBPs (the sum of 29 DBPs). A stepwise multivariate regression model was developed by analyzing the correlations between total DBPs and water quality parameters, and the relationship coefficient R2 was 0.756. This study provides important information and perspectives for the improvement and implementation of standards for swimming pool water.
The advanced treatment of secondary effluents was investigated by employing heterogeneous catalytic ozonation integrated with a biological aerated filter (BAF) process. The results indicated that ...catalytic ozonation with the prepared catalyst (Mn
Cu
O
/γ-Fe
O
) significantly enhanced the performance of pollutant removal and broke up macromolecules into molecular substances by the generated hydroxyl radicals. These molecular substances were easily absorbed by microorganisms in the microbial membrane reactor. In the BAF process, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (chemical oxygen demand) decreased from 54.26 to 32.56 mg/L, while in catalytic ozonation coupled with the BAF, COD could be reduced to 14.65 mg/L (removal ratio 73%). Under the same condition, NH
-N decreased from 77.43 to 22.69 mg/L and 15.73 mg/L (removal ratio 70%) in the BAF and the catalytic ozonation coupled with BAF, respectively. In addition, the model that highly correlated influent COD to effluent COD and reactor height for filler could predict the removal ratio of COD of the BAF system. Based on the microbial community analysis, ozone in the solution had a certain screening effect on microorganisms, which helped to better adapt to the ozone-containing environment. Therefore, the integrated process with its efficient, economic, and sustainable advantages was suitable for the advanced treatment of secondary effluents.
A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe, NClO, was developed for ratiometric detection of HClO and had been successfully applied to detect intracellular HClO both in living cells and in ...zebra fish.
Display omitted
A ratiometric fluorescence probe, NClO, for the rapid and selective detection of HClO had been designed and synthesized based on a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative. Probe NClO displayed a red emission (λmax = 615 nm). In the presence of HClO, the solution of probe NClO gave off a strong green fluorescence (λem, max = 520 nm) with a rapid response (within seconds). This probe had been applied to image HClO in living cells and zebra fish.
The occurrence, distribution, removal, and mass loadings of common organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in an advanced municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were comprehensively ...investigated. The OPFRs were mainly partitioning in the dissolved phase, and the total concentrations ranged from 1364 to 1701 ng/L in influent, 678~1064 in effluent, and 177~470 ng/g dw in residual sludge. Tributoxyethyl phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate were the abundant compounds in both the dissolved phase and adsorbed phase. The removal frequencies and mechanisms of the OPFRs were highly associated with the properties of compounds. According to the mass balance analysis, 14.9%, 13.0%, and 11.2% of the total OPFR loads were removed in the traditional treatment, tertiary treatment, and to the sludge, respectively. The mass loadings and environmental emissions of the OPFRs were 0.67~291 μg/d/person and 0.57~107 μg/d/person, respectively. The effluent discharged from the WWTP posed ecological risks to the receiving river, which requires being paid more attention.
PDF
