The aims of this study were to systematically evaluate and comparatively analyse the mental health status of left‐behind children (LBC) in China and to provide a scientific basis for mental ...intervention and healthy education for LBC. Six electronic databases were searched for studies (published from 1 January 2010 to 5 March 2018) of the mental health of LBC using the Mental Health Test scale. We only selected original articles that either reported the incidence of serious mental health status or the means and standard deviations of each factor score of the scale. The pooled rates and weighted mean difference were calculated. The results indicated that the incidence of serious mental health status of LBC is nearly 2.7 times higher than that of non‐LBC. The scores for most of the factors analysed by the Mental Health Test of LBC were higher than those of non‐LBC. In addition, the mental health status of left‐behind girls is worse than that of left‐behind boys. Except for impulsive tendency, there was no significant difference in the mental health status of LBC in primary and junior high schools. In terms of the different types of guardianship, the mental health status of LBC under a grandparent's guardianship and parental peer' guardianship is more serious than that of LBC under a single‐parent guardianship. The mental health status of LBC is poor, particularly for left‐behind girls. The primary mental problems faced by LBC are learning anxiety, social anxiety and physical symptoms. It is necessary to develop more targeted measures to prevent and manage LBC.
•Rice husk ash (RHA) enhances compressive strength and refines pore structure of UHPC.•Permeability of UHPC cylinder increases with the higher vertical load.•RHA decreases permeability of UHPC upon ...the load of 0–70% ultimate strength.
This paper aims to investigate the effects of rice husk ash (RHA) on strength and permeability of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). RHA was manufactured by calcining rice husk at temperature of 500°C and incorporated in UHPC mixture to replace different ratio of silica fume (SF) by weight. Flowability and air content of fresh mixture and the compressive and flexural strength at different curing ages were measured. Permeability before and after loading were assessed by water absorption and chloride ion penetration. The pore structure was also evaluated for selected samples by using mercury intrusion measurement. The results show that the addition of RHA to replace SF decreases the fluidity of fresh UHPC mixture and entraps more air bubbles. The addition of RHA enhances the compressive strength and impermeability of UHPC due to the refined pore structure. The permeability of cylindrical specimen increases notably with the increasing vertical loading and the lateral loading has an insignificant influence on the water absorption. When the loading level is lower than 70% of ultimate strength, the RHA added sample presents a lower water absorption and chloride ion penetration than the control one. Therefore, RHA is a promising substitute for SF in UHPC production.
Suicide is the leading cause of death among 15-34 year olds in China, but no national data are available on the suicide and suicide attempts rates of college students, a sub-group of youth with 23 ...million. Several studies have reported the prevalence of suicide attempts among college students, however, no meta-analysis pooling the prevalence of suicide attempts is found.
This study aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of suicide attempts among college students in China. The relevant studies up to August 2014 were systematically searched via electronic databases (PubMed-Medline, Embase, Chinese Wanfang database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese VIP database). We only selected original articles that either reported the prevalence of suicide attempts or sufficient data for calculating the prevalence.
A total of 29 eligible studies, with 88,225 college students, were finally included. The maximum and minimum reported prevalences of suicide attempts among college students in China were 0.4% and 10.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of suicide attempts was 2.8% (95%CI: 2.3%-3.3%). Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled estimate of prevalence of life time suicide attempts was 2.7% (95%CI: 2.1%-3.3%), and 12-month suicide attempts was 2.9% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.8%). The prevalence for males was 2.4% (95%CI: 1.8%-3.0%), and for females was 2.7% (95%CI: 1.9%-3.7%). The prevalences among college students in grade 1 through 4 were 2.8% (95%CI: 1.7%-3.8%), 1.8% (95%CI: 1.2%-2.3%), 2.0% (95%CI: 0.8%-3.1%), and 2.9% (95%CI: 0.1%-6.7%), respectively. The prevalences among college students from rural and urban areas were 5.1% (95%CI: 2.8%-7.5%) and 3.7% (95%CI: 1.4%-5.9%), respectively.
2.8% prevalence of suicide attempts and more than 600,000 suicide attempters among college students indicate that suicide attempt among college students is an important public health problem in China. More attention should be paid to the current situation.
Background The neuroprotective role of propofol (PPF) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) has recently been highlighted. This study aimed to explore whether the neuroprotective mechanisms of PPF ...were linked to its regulation of Ca2+/CaMKKβ (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β)/AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/autophagy pathway. Methods Cultured primary rat cerebral cortical neurons were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic cerebral I/R injury in vitro. Results Compared with the control neurons, OGD/R exposure successfully induced neuronal I/R injury. Furthermore, OGD/R exposure notably caused autophagy induction, reflected by augmented LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin 1 expression, decreased p62 expression, and increased LC3 puncta formation. Moreover, OGD/R exposure induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i). However, PPF treatment significantly antagonized OGD/R-triggered cell injury, autophagy induction, and Ca2+i elevation. Further investigation revealed that both autophagy induction by rapamycin and Ca2+i elevation by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin significantly reversed the PPF-mediated amelioration of OGD/R-triggered cell injury. Importantly, ionomycin also significantly abrogated the PPF-mediated suppression of autophagy and CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR signaling in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Additionally, activation of CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR signaling abrogated the PPF-mediated autophagy suppression. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that PPF antagonized OGD/R-triggered neuronal injury, which might be mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of autophagy through Ca2+/CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Background: LncRNA PVT1 has been reported to be involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cancer progression. However, the mechanism by ...which LncRNA PVT1 contributes to chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cell, has not been fully elucidated.
Methods: We first generatedLncRNA PVT1-overexpressed MG63 cells and LncRNA PVT1 knockdown MG63/DOX cells. Then, we examined the effect of LncRNA PVT1 on cell viability and colony formation ability by MTT assay and soft agar assay, respectively. In addition, we performed flow cytometry analysis to detect apoptosis induced by GEM. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RIP were used to confirmed the interaction between LncRNA PVT1 and miR-152. Finally, we determined protein level of c-MET, p-PI3K, and p-AKT by westernblot.
Results: LncRNA PVT1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and exhibited the anti-apoptotic property in LncRNA PVT1-overexpressing MG63 cells treated with gemcitabine. While, LncRNA PVT1-depleted MG63/DOX cells treated with gemcitabine exhibited significant lower survival rate and high percentage of apoptosis. Next, we found that LncRNA PVT1 could target and downregulated the level of miR-152. Interestingly, miR-152 greatly rescued the biological outcomes of LncRNA PVT1 not only in MG63 but also in MG63/DOX cells. We observed that LncRNA PVT1 markedly induced PI3K/AKT pathway activation, which was abolished by miR-152 mimics overexpression. Finally, c-MET inhibitor was used to confirm the essential role of c-MET in LncRNA PVT1 and miR-152-regulated PI3K/AKT signaling.
Conclusion: We showed thatlncRNA PVT1 played a contributory role in chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells through c-MET/PI3K/AKT pathway activation, which was largely dependent on miR-152. Our findings advance our understanding of how lncRNA PVT1 promotes chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells and facilitate development of novel strategies for treating osteosarcoma.
Aim
The number of rural Chinese parents who leave their children with family members to work in the cities has increased dramatically over the last decade. This study compared the social anxiety of ...left‐behind children (LBC) and children not left behind (non‐LBC).
Methods
We investigated 1694 LBC and 1223 non‐LBC, aged seven to 17 years, in a Chinese province using a structured questionnaire that included questions about socio‐demographic characteristics, social anxiety, family function, quality of life, neglect and physical abuse.
Results
LBC displayed higher social anxiety scores, more neglect, lower parental educational level, lower quality of life, lower family function and lower prevalence of physical abuse than non‐LBC. Multiple linear regression models showed that higher Social Anxiety Scales for Children (SASC) scores in LBC were clearly associated with lower quality of life, poorer family function, physical abuse, being female, having more siblings and minorities. In non‐LBC, they were associated with lower quality of life, poorer family function, neglect, being female and physical abuse.
Conclusion
LBC have a relatively higher level of social anxiety and poorer living conditions than non‐LBC, and there are differences in social anxiety, and its relevant factors, between the two groups.
Lithium (Li) is a promising battery anode because of its high theoretical capacity and low reduction potential, but safety hazards that arise from its continuous dendrite growth and huge volume ...changes limit its practical applications. Li can be hosted in a framework material to address these key issues, but methods to encage Li inside scaffolds remain challenging. The melt infusion of molten Li into substrates has attracted enormous attention in both academia and industry because it provides an industrially adoptable technology capable of fabricating composite Li anodes. In this review, the wetting mechanism driving the spread of liquefied Li toward a substrate is discussed. Following this, various strategies are proposed to engineer stable Li metal composite anodes that are suitable for liquid and solid‐state electrolytes. A general conclusion and a perspective on the current limitations and possible future research directions for constructing composite Li anodes for high‐energy lithium metal batteries are presented.
Infusing molten Li into framework structured substrates helps address the safety hazards of Li metal, but strategies to entrap Li metal inside the scaffolds presents a major challenge. This review focuses on the recent achievements in constructing stable Li metal composite anodes by the thermal infusion method with control of the wetting mechanism.
This study aimed to determine the predictive value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).
A retrospective ...study was conducted from March 2012 to May 2016 in Fuxing Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science. We collected 906 cases (525 males, 381 females, mean age 81.86±9.75 years) diagnosed with AECOPD. The NLR was calculated from their white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), and lymphocyte (LYM) counts, which were obtained at laboratory examination.
After treatment, 698 patients with AECOPD improved. The NLR was higher at admission (6.89±6.82) than after treatment (4.19±5.11) (P = 0.000). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the NLR for predicting the 28-day mortality rate was 0.737. Using 8.130 as the critical NLR value, the sensitivity was 60.5%, and the specificity was 74.8%. The AUC of the NLR for predicting the frequency of the need for invasive mechanical ventilation was 0.732. Using 10.345 as the critical NLR value, the sensitivity was 54.3%, and the specificity was 84.8%. The AUC of WBC, NEU and LYM for predicting 28-day mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in these patients were all less than 0.7. An increased NLR was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality (OR = 1.067, 95% CI = 1.039 to 1.095, P = 0.000), intensive care unit occupancy (OR = 1.046, 95% CI = 1.023 to 1.068, P = 0.000), and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.019 to 1.066, P = 0.000). Compared with those patients without comorbidities, patients with renal dysfunction or upper gastrointestinal bleeding had an increased risk of death within 28 days (OR = 3.102, 95% CI = 1.525 to 6.312; OR = 4.598, 95% CI = 1.825 to 11.583, respectively), ICU admission (OR = 2.228, 95% CI = 1.286 to 3.860; OR = 3.103, 95% CI = 1.402 to 6.866, respectively), and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.572, 95% CI = 1.822 to 7.000; OR = 4.279, 95% CI = 1.823 to 10.045, respectively).
In patients with AECOPD, the accuracy of the NLR for predicting the 28-day mortality rate and frequency of the need for mechanical ventilation was significantly higher than the accuracy of WBC, NEU and LYM counts. AECOPD patients with an NLR≥8.130 had higher 28-day mortality rate, while those with an NLR ≥10.345 were more likely to need invasive mechanical ventilation.
Studies on the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene -460T/C and -2578C/A polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy (DR) have reported conflicting results. The aim of the ...present study was to assess the association by using meta-analysis.
A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Elsevier Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and VIP) was carried out until Sept 18, 2013. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association.
Eleven studies (-460T/C: 6 studies including 932 cases and 722 controls; -2578C/A: 6 studies including 1,071 cases and 1,137 controls) were involved in this meta-analysis. Significant association was found for -460T/C polymorphism (C versus T: OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.07-2.05, P=0.02; TC+CC versus TT: OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.02-3.12, P=0.04; CC versus TT+TC: OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.10-2.81, P=0.02), but not for -2578C/A polymorphism (P>0.05). Similar results were found in the subgroup analysis.
This meta-analysis demonstrates that DR is associated with VEGF gene -460T/C polymorphism, but not -2578C/A polymorphism. Further case-control studies based on larger sample size are still needed, especially for -2578C/A polymorphism.
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