Among different kinds of modified release profiles, sustained drug release (SDR) has received the most attention due to its capability to provide a “safe, efficacious, and convenient” drug delivery ...effect. Electrospun nanofibers have shown their popularity in this interdisciplinary field, as demonstrated by the first reports about SDRs on drug delivery applications of blended nanofibers and core–shell nanofibers. Along with the evolution of electrospinning from a single‐fluid blending process to coaxial, tri‐axial, side‐by‐side, and other multi‐fluid processes, more multi‐chamber nanostructures can be created through a single‐step straight forward manner. These multi‐chamber nanostructures can act as a powerful platform to support a wide variety of new strategies for the development of novel SDR nanomaterials. Thus, this review describes a combination history of electrospinning and SDR and its further development trend. After a summary of the presently popular multi‐chamber core–shell nanostructures, 15 strategies for furnishing SDR profiles are categorized and exemplified. The perspectives of electrospun multi‐chamber nanostructures for further promoting SDR are narrated.
This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Electrospun complex nanostructures and their applications for sustained drug release
Biodegradable conductive films are crucial for the sustainable development of wearable electronics. In this work, a flexible and degradable conductive film was prepared based on a carefully designed ...interface of polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun fibers and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The amphiphilic triblock copolymer was added to PLA solution for electrospinning, followed by solvent posttreatment to induce the hydrophilic block of the amphiphilic triblock copolymer to migrate to the fiber surface. Dopamine can be uniformly polymerized on the surface of hydrophilic PLA fibers, and the prepared PLA@PDA fiber film can form a good interface combination with AgNWs. The electrical conductivity of AgNWs/PLA@PDA flexible film can reach 258.5 S cm−1, showing obvious Joule heating effect and good mechanical properties. Degradation experiments showed that in phosphate buffered saline, the PLA molecular chain showed a dynamic equilibrium due to the scission and rearrangement of the ester groups and degraded slowly, while AgNWs/PLA@PDA degraded rapidly under alkaline conditions. Our study provides a simple and controllable method to prepare flexible degradable electronic films, which is expected to be applied to flexible wearable bioelectrodes.
Morphology, interface bonding and properties of AgNWs/PLA@PDA composite film.
With the increasing demand for wound care and treatment worldwide, traditional dressings have been unable to meet the needs of the existing market due to their limited antibacterial properties and ...other defects. Electrospinning technology has attracted more and more researchers' attention as a simple and versatile manufacturing method. The electrospun nanofiber membrane has a unique structure and biological function similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and is considered an advanced wound dressing. They have significant potential in encapsulating and delivering active substances that promote wound healing. This article first discusses the common types of wound dressing, and then summarizes the development of electrospun fiber preparation technology. Finally, the polymers and common biologically active substances used in electrospinning wound dressings are summarized, and portable electrospinning equipment is also discussed. Additionally, future research needs are put forward.
Biomolecules, as molecules which have a bio-source or a certain bioapplication, are at present quickening the marching speed for benefiting people’s life and social progress ...
The dissolution and controlled release of poorly water soluble drugs have been challenging during the past half century. Food ingredients are often exploited to implement some strategies to conceive ...new drug delivery systems as potential solutions. In this study, Janus zein–PVP medicated nanofibers were fabricated through side-by-side electrospinning and by using zein as a key filament-forming matrix and a drug carrier. Ferulic acid (FA), as a poorly water-soluble model drug, was loaded on both sides of the Janus fibers. The side-by-side electrospinning process was performed for a smooth and robust preparation. SEM and TEM revealed that the resultant Janus fibers had linear morphology without beads-on-a-string phenomena, smooth surface, and obvious side-by-side structure. The FA was present in the fibers in an amorphous state due to its fine compatibility with zein and PVP. In vitro dissolution tests verified that the Janus fibers manipulated the release of FA in a two-stage manner. The controlled release mechanism of the Janus fibers was proposed. On the basis of the application of zein, a process–structure–performance relationship, which should be useful for developing many new functional materials from biological macromolecules, was disclosed.
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•Zein is utilized to create medicated Janus structure•A modified side-by-side electrospinning is implemented to treat zein•The Janus fibers can provide a two-stage controlled release of ferulic acid•A clear process-nanostructure-performance relationship is exhibited
New nanostructure means new nanotechnology and nanoscience. The need of complex nanostructure‐based advanced functional nanomaterials has promoted the appearance of several kinds of multifluid ...electrospinning processes, such as tri‐axial electrospinning, quad‐fluid coaxial electrospinning, tri‐fluid side‐by‐side electrospinning, and coaxial electrospinning with a side‐by‐side core. These multifluid processes can greatly expand the capability of electrospinning in generating new types of nanostructures with different organization manner of the inner parts, and from both spinnable and unspinnable working fluids. The key elements for conducting a multifluid electrospinning lie in a well‐designed spinneret, compatibility of the working fluids, and special operational parameters. The complex nanostructures can be created through direct electrospinning of multiple fluids, through after‐treatment of the electrospun products, and through ingenious design of the components, compositions and their spatial distributions as well. This article provides a simple review on the most recent publications about the multifluid electrospinning processes and the corresponding complex nanostructures.
This article is characterized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Multifluid electrospinning for the generation of complex nanostructures.
The aim of this study was to develop a novel ultrathin fibrous membrane with a core-sheath structure as an antioxidant food packaging membrane. The core-sheath structure was prepared by coaxial ...electrospinning, and the release of active substances was regulated by its special structure. Ferulic acid (FA) was incorporated into the electrospun zein/polyethylene oxide ultrathin fibers to ensure their synergistic antioxidant properties. We found that the prepared ultrathin fibers had a good morphology and smooth surface. The internal structure of the fibers was stable, and the three materials that we used were compatible. For the different loading positions, it was observed that the core layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a sustained action, while the sheath layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a pre-burst action. Finally, apples were selected for packaging using fibrous membranes to simulate practical applications. The fibrous membrane was effective in reducing water loss and apple quality loss, as well as extending the shelf life. According to these experiments, the FA-loaded zein/PEO coaxial electrospinning fiber can be used as antioxidant food packaging and will also undergo more improvements in the future.
Advanced nanotechniques and the corresponding complex nanostructures they produce represent some of the most powerful tools for developing novel drug delivery systems (DDSs). In this study, a ...side-by-side electrospraying process was developed for creating double-chamber nanoparticles in which Janus soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) patches were added to the sides of Eudragit RL100 (RL100) particles. Both sides were loaded with the poorly water-soluble drug paracetamol (PAR). Scanning electron microscope results demonstrated that the electrosprayed nanoparticles had an integrated Janus nanostructure. Combined with observations of the working processes, the microformation mechanism for creating the Janus PVP patches was proposed. XRD, DSC, and ATR-FTIR experiments verified that the PAR drug was present in the Janus particles in an amorphous state due to its fine compatibility with the polymeric matrices.
dissolution tests verified that the Janus nanoparticles were able to provide a typical biphasic drug release profile, with the PVP patches providing 43.8 ± 5.4% drug release in the first phase in a pulsatile manner.
animal experiments indicated that the Janus particles, on one hand, could provide a faster therapeutic effect than the electrosprayed sustained-release RL100 nanoparticles. On the other hand, they could maintain a therapeutic blood drug concentration for a longer period. The controlled release mechanism of the drug was proposed. The protocols reported here pioneer a new process-structure-performance relationship for developing Janus-structure-based advanced nano-DDSs.
Abstract In this study, three kinds of electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) processes (electrospraying, electrospinning, and coaxial electrospinning) are implemented to create hydroxypropyl ...methylcellulose (HPMC) based ultra‐thin products for providing the fast dissolution of a poorly water‐soluble drug ketoprofen (KET). An EHDA apparatus, characterized by a novel spinneret, is homemade for conducting the three processes. The three types of products are electrospun nanofibers E1, electrosprayed microparticles E2, and core‐shell nanofibers E3. SEM and TEM results indicate that they have the anticipated morphologies and inner structures. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared results verify that KET is mainly amorphous in all the composites due to its fine compatibility with HPMC. In vitro dissolution tests demonstrate that the drug rapid release performances has an order of E3>E1>E2≫KET powders. The fast dissolution mechanisms are suggested and the advantages of the three products are compared. The super performance of E3 in furnishing the rapid release is attributed to a synergistic action of small size (of the shell thickness), high porosity, amorphous state of drug, and the solubility of HPMC. EHDA nanostructures can support the development of nano drug delivery systems (DDSs) through tailoring the spatial distribution of drug molecules within the nano products.
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