Abstract Emotions have the potential to modulate human voluntary movement by modifying muscle afferent discharge which in turn may affect kinesthetic acuity. We examined if heart rate (HR)-related ...physiological changes induced by music-elicited emotions would underlie alterations in healthy young adults’ ankle joint target-matching strategy quantified by joint position sense (JPS). Participants (n = 40, 19 females, age = 25.9 ± 2.9 years) performed ipsilateral-, and contralateral ankle target-matching tasks with their dominant and non-dominant foot using a custom-made foot platform while listening to classical music pieces deemed to evoke happy, sad, or neutral emotions (each n = 10). Participants in the 4th group received no music during the task. Absolute (ABS), constant (CONST), and variable (VAR) target-matching errors and HR-related data were analyzed. Participants performed the contralateral target-matching task with smaller JPS errors when listening to sad vs. happy music (ABS: p < 0.001, d = 1.6; VAR: p = 0.010, d = 1.2) or neutral (ABS: p < 0.001, d = 1.6; VAR: p < 0.001, d = 1.4) music. The ABS (d = 0.8) and VAR (d = 0.3) JPS errors were lower when participants performed the task with their dominant vs. non-dominant foot. JPS errors were also smaller during the ipsilateral target-matching task when participants (1) listened to sad vs. neutral (ABS: p = 0.007, d = 1.2) music, and (2) performed the target-matching with their dominant vs. non-dominant foot (p < 0.001, d = 0.4). Although emotions also induced changes in some HR-related data during the matching conditions, i.e., participants who listened to happy music had lower HR-related values when matching with their non-dominant vs. dominant foot, these changes did not correlate with JPS errors (all p > 0.05). Overall, our results suggest that music-induced emotions have the potential to affect target-matching strategy and HR-related metrics but the changes in HR-metrics do not underlie the alteration of ankle joint target-matching strategy in response to classical music-elicited emotions.
To investigate PET/CT registration and quantification accuracy of thoracic lesions of a single 30-second deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique with a total-body PET (TB-PET) scanner, and ...compared with free-breathing (FB) PET/CT.
137 of the 145 prospectively enrolled patients finished a routine FB-300 s PET/CT exam and a 30-second DIBH TB-PET with chest to pelvis low dose CT. The total-body FB-300 s, FB-30 s, and DIBH-30 s PET images were reconstructed. Quantitative assessment (SUVmax and SUVmean of lung and other organs), PET/CT registration assessment and lesion analysis (SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean and tumor-background ratio) were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
The SUVmax and SUVmean of the lung with DIBH-30 s were significantly lower than those with FB. The distances of the liver dome between PET and CT were significantly smaller with DIBH-30 s than with FB. 195 assessable lesions in 106 patients were included, and the detection sensitivity was 97.9 % and 99.0 % in FB-300 s, and DIBH-30 s, respectively. For both small co-identified lesions (n = 86) and larger co-identified lesions with a diameter ≥ 1 cm (n = 91), the lesion SUVs were significantly greater with DIBH-30 s than with FB-300 s. Regarding lesion location, the differences of the SUVs for the lesions in the lower thorax area (n = 97, p < 0.001) were significant between DIBH-30 s and FB-300 s, while these differences were not statistically significant in the upper thorax (n = 80, p > 0.05). The lesion tumor-to-surrounding-background ratio (TsBR) was significantly increased, both in the upper and lower thorax.
The TB DIBH PET/CT technique is feasible in clinical practice. It reduces the background lung uptake and achieves better registration and lesion quantification, especially in the lower thorax.
•Garnet schists from the South Beishan Orogen experienced high-grade metamorphism at ca. 900Ma.•~900Ma metamorphism is coeval with extensive continental arc formation in the SBOB and CTA.•The SBOB ...and CTA occupied in the periphery of the Rodinia during the final assembly stage.
An early extensive Neoproterozoic (ca. 900Ma) continental magmatic arc system covering hundreds of kilometers has been reported to occur in the South Beishan Orogenic Belt (SBOB) and the Central Tianshan (CTA) in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). However, evidence for coeval high-grade metamorphism and thus the formation of an accretionary orogen in the framework of Rodinia is ambiguous or absent. This study provides new petrological, geochemical and geochronological data for garnet-bearing schists (quartz+garnet+biotite+plagioclase±muscovite) from the SBOB in order to constrain its Neoproterozoic metamorphic history. The metamorphic zircon rims are either unzoned or display sector zoning in CL-images and reveal REE patterns with flat HREE patterns and negative Eu anomalies, which are interpreted to be in chemical equilibrium with garnet and plagioclase. The zircon U-Pb dating yields concordant U-Pb ages of 900±3Ma, 897±2Ma and 898±4Ma for the metamorphic zircon rims. The inherited detrital zircon cores of one sample display a concordant U-Pb age of 1397±5Ma that is consistent with the timing of formation for the extensive Mesoproterozoic continental arc in the SBOB and CTA. Based on phase equilibrium geothermobarometry and average P-T thermobarometric calculations, minimum amphibolite-facies P-T conditions are estimated to be >600°C at pressure >0.6GPa, which is thought to have been overprinted by subsequent Paleozoic metamorphism. However, the Ti-in-zircon thermometer still reveals temperatures of up to 840°C using the composition of metamorphic zircon rims, suggesting former ca. 900Ma granulite-facies peak metamorphic temperatures. The combined petrological and geochronological evidence in conjunction with the continental affinity of the regional metamorphic rocks suggests that the SBOB and the eastern CTA experienced an early Neoproterozoic accretionary orogenesis during the final assembly stage of Rodinia.
Developing forest carbon sinks is very important for China to achieve carbon neutrality. However, the forest resource distribution is spatially dependent, and forest carbon sinks cannot be ...sufficiently developed in an isolated pattern. Therefore, based on the spatial panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2019, this study establishes a spatial econometric model and identifies transregional spillover effects of forest carbon sinks. The results show that the forest carbon sinks do have transregional spatial correlation characteristics. In addition to similar ecological environment factors in adjacent regions, the forest carbon sinks are closely related to the economic development structure and related policies. The proportion of the forest area and urbanization level are positively correlated with the forest carbon sinks in the region and neighboring regions, but the amount of deforestation and transport infrastructure level has a negative effect. Implementing carbon trading pilot programs in one region can promote the development of its local forest carbon sinks, but it has a negative spillover effect on the other regions. Furthermore, environmental regulation has a positive spillover effect on neighboring regions, whereas forestry production efficiency has a negative spillover effect. Some policy implications are proposed according to the results and China's realistic characteristics.
For the monitoring of plate structures, phased array guided wave has great application prospects to effectively determine damage location and size. Locating damage via phased array focusing is a ...challenging task, especially in curved plates. Hence, a systematic understanding of the behavior of the phased array guided wave propagation in curved plates is needed. In this study, a phased array focusing method was proposed for the damage localization of curved plates. Different damage scenarios and phased array focusing schemes are investigated in the finite element plate models with different radii. A high-speed signal generation and acquisition system including PZT actuators and sensors is set up. Experimental tests are carried out on a curved aluminum plate with embedded piezoelectric elements to verify the finite element models. Parametric studies are then performed to evaluate the effect of different radii and damage scenarios on the behavior of phased array guided wave propagation in curved plates. Numerical simulations and experimental results show that the proposed PA method has the capabilities of wave focusing and damage identification in curved plates. The damage localization method using phased array guided wave has the potential to be applied to the real-time monitoring of structures with curved plates.
In this work, typical smoke suppression agent particles decorated on graphene nanosheets were facilely synthesized by a solvothermal method for reducing the fire hazards of polymer composites. The ...structure, elemental composition and morphology of the hybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements. Subsequently, the hybrids were incorporated into polystyrene for improvement of the thermal stability and reduction of fire hazards. The hybrids were well dispersed in PS matrix and no obvious aggregation of graphene nanosheets was observed. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited significant improvements in thermal stability, flame retardancy and reduced the fire toxicity, compared with those of neat polystyrene. This dramatically reduced fire hazard was mainly ascribed to the combined effects of smoke suppression agent particles and graphene nanosheets, containing good dispersion of hybrids, catalytic char function of hybrids and physical barrier effects of graphene nanosheets.
High-Mg andesites (HMAs) and related basalts constitute a volumetrically minor, but genetically important occurrence along most convergent plate margins of various ages on Earth. The details of their ...petrogenesis can contain critical information for resolving essential geodynamic and crustal evolutionary issues. This zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical study documents the late Permian metamorphosed high-Mg basaltic to andesitic suite from Kaiyuan of northern Liaoning, North China. These rocks feature SiO2 contents ranging from 48.7 to 63.2wt.%, high Mg# values of 63–75, an enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE). They possess whole-rock initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70417–0.70457, εNd(t) values from −0.4 to 5.0, and εHf(t) values from 5.1 to 11, as well as zircon εHf(t) values from −9.4 to 0.4. These features indicate that their petrogenesis most likely involved precursory metasomatism of mantle peridotites by melts from subduction-related sediments, and subsequent partial melting. With a depleted mantle source and possible tectonic link to post-subduction slab break-off, the Kaiyuan suite could present a spatial reference not only for defining the demarcation line between the North China craton (NCC) and the Central Asian Orogenic belt (CAOB) in the region, but also for tracing the final location of the cryptic suturing zone of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Synthesizing the suite with coeval igneous episodes as well as concomitant metamorphic events along the Solonker–Xra Moron–Changchun zone leads to the characterization of the eventual closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean within a double-sided subduction system during late Permian–Early Triassic.
•This study documents late Permian high-Mg basaltic to andesitic extrusions from North China.•The suite comes from newly metasomatized lithospheric mantle.•The suite formed in response to post-collisional slab breakoff.•The suite provides a spatial marker for monitoring the craton-orogen boundary.•The rocks record a net crustal growth scenario.
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based biomaterials have been widely used in various biomedical applications due to their suitable biological properties and tuneable physical characteristics. In ...particular, GelMA can be used as a versatile matrix for bone tissue engineering scaffolds
via
various strategies to overcome major obstacles such as insufficient mechanical property and uncontrollable degradation. This review presents the research status of GelMA, its structure and function, GelMA-based biomaterials and the development of methods along with their existing challenges.
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and its based hydrogels have been widely used in various biomedical applications.
In this work, cobalt oxide nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanosheets was firstly synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the synthesized hybrids were ...characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum and Transmission electron microscopy measurements. Subsequently, the hybrids were introduced into thermoplastic polyurethane matrix for acting as reinforcements. The hybrids were well dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane and no obvious aggregation of graphene nanosheets was observed. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited significant improvements in thermal stability, flame retardancy, mechanical properties and reduced the fire toxicity effectively, compared with those of neat polyurethane. The obvious improvements of these properties were mainly attributed to the ‘‘tortuous path’’ effect of graphene nanosheets, catalytic char formation function of cobalt oxide–graphene hybrids and the synergism between the catalysis effect of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and the adsorption effect of graphene nanosheets.
In this article, we address the online state estimation problem of linear discrete-time systems in the presence of inaccurate and slowly time-varying non-Gaussian measurement noise (NGMN). Recently, ...the variational Bayesian (VB) method has been successfully used to jointly estimate the system state along with the statistics of the unknown Gaussian measurement noise. However, we prove that the original VB method for the non-Gaussian state-space models, modeled by the Gaussian mixture distributions, is analytically intractable. To overcome this problem, we propose a partial VB-based adaptive Gaussian sum Kalman filter, which uses a feedback-based filtering framework to independently calculate the posterior distribution of the state and posterior distribution of the NGMN. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed filter.
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