In this technical note, the sliding-mode control (SMC) problem is investigated for T-S fuzzy-model-based nonlinear Markovian jump singular systems subject to matched/unmatched uncertainties. To ...accommodate the model characteristics of such a hybrid system, a novel integral-type fuzzy sliding surface is put forward by taking the singular matrix and state-dependent projection matrix into account simultaneously, which is the key contribution of the note. The designed surface contains two important features: 1) local input matrices for different subsystems in the same system mode are allowed to be different; and 2) the matched uncertainties are completely compensated, and the unmatched ones are not amplified during sliding motion. Sufficient conditions for the stochastic admissibility of the corresponding sliding-mode dynamics are presented, and a fuzzy SMC law is constructed to ensure the reaching condition despite uncertainties. The applicability and effectiveness of our approach are verified by simulations on an inverted pendulum system.
This paper addresses the sampled-data stabilization problem for chaotic systems represented by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models. If the upper bounds for the time derivative of membership functions ...are available, combining the fuzzy blending for some quadratic functions together with the introduction of some new useful terms, a novel fuzzy time-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is proposed to fully capture the available characteristics of the actual sampling pattern and membership functions simultaneously. Based on the proposed LKF, a new criterion dependent on the upper bounds for the time derivative of membership functions is presented to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop system. Moreover, a stability criterion independent of the upper bounds is also provided based on the corresponding common time-dependent LKF. Then, the designed fuzzy sampled-data controller can be synthesized by analyzing the corresponding stabilization conditions. Moreover, a search algorithm is provided to find the optimal tuning parameters. Finally, one practical example of the Lorenz system is given to illustrate that much less conservativeness can be achieved compared with the earlier results by using the corresponding common LKF, and the results can be further improved when adopting the fuzzy time-dependent LKF within large upper bounds.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely studied and applied in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment because of their special fundamental properties. In order to make AuNPs more suitable for ...tumor diagnosis and treatment, their natural properties and the interrelationships between these properties should be systematically and profoundly understood. The natural properties of AuNPs were discussed from two aspects: physical and chemical. Among the physical properties of AuNPs, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), radioactivity and high X-ray absorption coefficient are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. As an advantage over many other nanoparticles in chemicals, AuNPs can form stable chemical bonds with S-and N-containing groups. This allows AuNPs to attach to a wide variety of organic ligands or polymers with a specific function. These surface modifications endow AuNPs with outstanding biocompatibility, targeting and drug delivery capabilities. In this review, we systematically summarized the physicochemical properties of AuNPs and their intrinsic relationships. Then the latest research advancements and the developments of basic research and clinical trials using these properties are summarized. Further, the difficulties to be overcome and possible solutions in the process from basic laboratory research to clinical application are discussed. Finally, the possibility of applying the results to clinical trials was estimated. We hope to provide a reference for peer researchers to better utilize the excellent physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles in oncotherapy.
Abstract A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to compare and rank the effectiveness of various noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). We ...searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) databases from the date of database inception to April 30th, 2024. Two researchers independently screened studies of NIBS treatment in patients with PD based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two researchers independently performed data extraction of the included studies using an Excel spreadsheet and assessed the quality of the literature according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (RoB2). Network meta-analysis was performed in StataMP 17.0. A total of 28 studies involving 1628 PD patients were included. The results showed that HF-rTMS over the SMA (SMD = − 2.01; 95% CI − 2.87, − 1.15), HF-rTMS over the M1 and DLPFC (SMD = − 1.80; 95% CI − 2.90, − 0.70), HF-rTMS over the M1 (SMD = − 1.10; 95% CI − 1.55, − 0.65), a-tDCS over the DLPFC (SMD = − 1.08; 95% CI − 1.90, − 0.27), HF-rTMS over the M1 and PFC (SMD = − 0.92; 95% CI − 1.71, − 0.14), LF-rTMS over the M1 (SMD = − 0.72; 95% CI − 1.17, − 0.28), and HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (SMD = − 0.70; 95% CI − 1.21, − 0.19) were significantly improved motor function compared with sham stimulation. The SUCRA three highest ranked were HF-rTMS over the SMA (95.1%), HF-rTMS over the M1 and DLPFC (89.6%), and HF-rTMS over the M1 (73.0%). In terms of enhanced cognitive function, HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI 0.03,1.56) was significantly better than sham stimulation. The SUCRA three most highly ranked were a-tDCS over the M1 (69.8%), c-tDCS over the DLPFC (66.9%), and iTBS over the DLPFC (65.3%). HF-rTMS over the M1 (SMD = − 1.43; 95% CI − 2.26, − 0.61) and HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (SMD = − 0.79; 95% CI − 1.45, − 0.12)) significantly improved depression. The SUCRA three highest ranked were HF-rTMS over the M1 (94.1%), LF-rTMS over the M1 (71.8%), and HF-rTMS over the DLPFC (69.0%). HF-rTMS over the SMA may be the best option for improving motor symptoms in PD patients. a-tDCS and HF-rTMS over the M1 may be the NIBS with the most significant effects on cognition and depression, separately. Trial registration : International Prospective Register of Systematic Review, PROSPERO (CRD42023456088)
Summary
Hydraulic‐fracturing treatments have become an essential technology for the development of deep hot dry rocks (HDRs). The deep rock formation often contains natural fractures (NFs) at micro ...and macroscales. In the presence of the NF, the hydraulic‐fracturing process may form a complex fracture network caused by the interaction between hydraulic fractures and NF. In this study, analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2)‐based enhanced geothermal system (EGS) and water‐based EGS in complex fracture network was performed based on the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) coupling method, with various rock constitutive models. The complexity of the fracture geometry influences the fluid flow path and heat transfer efficiency of the thermal reservoir. Compared with CO2‐based EGS, water‐based EGS had an earlier thermal breakthrough with a rapid decline in production temperature. CO2 can easily gain heat rising its temperature thus reducing the effect of a premature thermal breakthrough. Both CO2‐based EGS and water‐based EGS are affected by in‐situ stress; the increase in stress ratio improved the fracture permeability but resulted in an early cold thermal breakthrough. When the same injection rate is applied to water‐based EGS and CO2‐based EGS, water‐based EGS displayed higher injection pressure buildup. Water‐based EGS had higher reservoir deformation area than CO2‐based EGS, and thermoelastic constitutive model for water‐based EGS showed larger deformed area ratio than thermo‐poroelastic rock model. Furthermore, higher values of rock modulus accelerated the reservoir deformation for water‐based EGS. This study established a novel discussion investigating the performance of CO2‐based EGS and water‐based EGS in a complex fractured reservoir. The findings from this study will help in deepening the understanding of the mechanisms involved when using CO2 or water as a working fluid in EGS.
This paper showed that water‐ based enhanced geothermal system (EGS) had significant injection pressure buildup and higher reservoir deformation due to the flow behavior and properties of water in the thermal reservoir. CO2‐based EGS had a delayed thermal breakthrough than water‐based EGS, CO2 can easily gain heat thus reducing the effect of a premature thermal breakthrough. The thermoelastic or thermo‐poroelastic constitutive models influence the level of simulated results and they should be applied in accordance to the rock mineral constituents.
It has recently been reported that intermittent fasting shapes the gut microbiota to benefit health, but this effect may be influenced to the exact fasting protocols. The purpose of this study was to ...assess the effects of different daily fasting hours on shaping the gut microbiota in mice. Healthy C57BL/6 J male mice were subjected to 12, 16 or 20 h fasting per day for 1 month, and then fed ad libitum for an extended month. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing and food intake was recorded as well.
We found that cumulative food intake was not changed in the group with 12 h daily fasting, but significantly decreased in the 16 and 20 h fasting groups. The composition of gut microbiota was altered by all these types of intermittent fasting. At genus level, 16 h fasting led to increased level of Akkermansia and decreased level of Alistipes, but these effects disappeared after the cessation of fasting. No taxonomic differences were identified in the other two groups.
These data indicated that intermittent fasting shapes gut microbiota in healthy mice, and the length of daily fasting interval may influence the outcome of intermittent fasting.
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the hopeful treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). Most current studies are in animals, and less in humans, and the optimal ...transplantation strategy for MSCs is still controversial. In this article, we explore the optimal transplantation strategy of MSCs through a network meta-analysis of the effects of MSCs on SCI in animal models. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) databases were searched by computer for randomized controlled studies on MSCs for SCI. Two investigators independently completed the literature screening and data extraction based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4 software was used to assess the quality of the included literature. Stata 16.0 software was used for standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for continuous variables to combine the statistics and calculate 95% confidence interval (95% CI). P < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Cochrane’s Q test and the I 2 value were used to indicate the magnitude of heterogeneity. A random-effects model was used if I 2 > 50% and P < 0.10 indicated significant heterogeneity between studies, and conversely, a fixed-effects model was used. Evidence network diagrams were drawn based on direct comparisons between various interventions. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve area (SUCRA) was used to predict the ranking of the treatment effects of each intervention. A total of 32 animal studies were included in this article for analysis. The results of the standard meta-analysis showed that MSCs improved motor ability after SCI. The network meta-analysis showed that the best treatment effect was achieved for adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) in terms of cell source and intrathecal (IT) in terms of transplantation modality. For transplantation timing, the best treatment effect was achieved when transplantation was performed in the subacute phase. The available literature suggests that IT transplantation using ADMSCs in the subacute phase may be the best transplantation strategy to improve functional impairment after SCI. Future high-quality studies are still needed to further validate the results of this study to ensure the reliability of the results.
To systematically assess the effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and to compare the efficacy of two different NIBS.
Computer searches of PubMed, ...Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Database were conducted using a combination of free words and subject terms. The search was conducted from the database creation date to 27 November 2022. The risk of bias in the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Scale. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. A standard meta-analysis of study data for each outcome indicator was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Network meta-analysis was performed using State 14.0 according to the Bayesian framework.
A total of 18 studies involving 809 patients were included. Meta-analysis shows NIBS significantly improved montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores (standardized mean difference SMD = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-1.02,
< 0.05), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI 0.25-1.20,
< 0.05), and modified barthel index (MBI) and functional independence measurement (FIM) scores (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.54,
< 0.05) in patients with PSCI. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of different NIBS in improving MoCA scores were in the order of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (SUCRA = 92.4%) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (SUCRA = 57.6%). The SUCRA of different NIBS in improving MMSE scores were in the order of tDCS (SUCRA = 81.6%) and TMS (SUCRA = 67.3%). The SUCRA of different NIBS in improving MBI and FIM scores were in the order of tDCS (SUCRA = 78.6%) and TMS (SUCRA = 65.3%).
The available evidence suggests that NIBS improves cognitive impairment. tDCS appeared more effective than TMS for cognitive function and activities of daily living in PSCI patients. Limited by the number of included studies, more large-sample, multicentre, double-blind, high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to further confirm this study's results.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022372354.
Mitocbondrial fusion is a highly coordinated process that mixes and unifies the mitochondrial compartment for normal mitochondrial functions and mitochondrial DNA inheritance. Dysregulated ...mitochondrial fusion causes mitochondrial fragmentation, abnormal mitochondrial physiology and inheritance, and has been causally linked with a number of neuronal diseases. Here, we identified a diterpenoid derivative 15-oxospiramilactone （$3） that potently induced mitochondrial fusion to restore the mitochondrial network and oxidative respiration in cells that are deficient in either Mfnl or Mfn2. A mitochondria-localized deubiquitinase USP30 is a target of $3. The inhibition of USP30 by $3 leads to an increase of non-degradative ubiquitination of Mfnl/2, which enhances Mfnl and Mfn2 activity and promotes mitochondrial fusion. Thus, through the use of an inhibitor of USP30, our study uncovers an unconventional function of non-degradative ubiquitination of Mfns in promoting mitochondrial fusion.
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), as an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays a crucial role in peptide and amino acid synthesis. In order to reduce costs and improve efficiency ...in the oxidative production of α-ketoglutaric acid, this study successfully synthesized and expressed L-glutamate oxidase (LGOX
) from
R111 and catalase (KatG
) from
H736. Two immobilization methods and the conditions for one-step whole-cell catalysis of α-ketoglutaric acid were investigated. α-Ketoglutaric acid has broad applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. The specific research results are as follows: (1) By fusing the sfGFP tag, L-glutamate oxidase (LGOX
r) and catalase (KatG
) were successfully anchored to the outer membrane of
cells, achieving one-step whole-cell catalysis of α-ketoglutaric acid with a conversion efficiency of up to 75%. (2) Through the co-immobilization of LGOX
and KatG
, optimization of the preparation parameters of immobilized cells, and exploration of the immobilization method using
@ZIF-8, immobilized cells with conversion rates of over 60% were obtained even after 10 cycles of reuse. Under the optimal conditions, the production rate of α-ketoglutaric acid reached 96.7% in a 12 h reaction, which is 1.1 times that of
@SA and 1.29 times that of free cells.
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