Introduction
Humeral shaft fractures are common fractures of the diaphysis of the humerus. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting the clinical outcomes of humeral nonunions ...surgically treated with open reduction and single- versus double-plate fixation with grafting.
Materials and methods
A total of 31 patients with nonunion treated with single- or double-plate screw fixation with bone grafting were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment method as Group 1 (single-plate,
n
= 14) and Group 2 (double-plate,
n
= 17). Data including demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, initial and final treatment, type of nonunion and localisation, graft use, shortening, follow-up, time to union, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) scores, and patient-reported cosmetic outcomes were recorded.
Results
Of the patients, eight were males, and 23 were females, with a mean age of 47.6 ± 15.8 (range, 20–86) years. Initial treatment was conservative treatment (Sarmiento brace) in seven patients, plate fixation in 22 patients, and intramedullary nailing in two patients. The mean follow-up was 31.0 ± 16.9 months in Group 1 and 25.4 ± 15.6 months in Group 2. There was one nonunion in Group 1 and three in Group 2. There were no significant differences in the union rate and time to union (
p
= 0.378 and
p
= 0.262, respectively). The mean Quick-DASH scores and cosmetic results were similar between the groups (
p
= 0.423 and
p
= 0.165, respectively). Radial nerve palsy developed in three patients in Group 2, and all these patients recovered completely during follow-up.
Conclusions
Although the double-plate fixation technique has similar clinical, radiological, and functional results to single-plate fixation, it is a more invasive and expensive technique with a longer operation time. Therefore, it should not be used as the first-line treatment option for all humeral shaft nonunion. Nevertheless, the double-plate technique may be preferred to achieve in cases requiring high stability, such as hypertrophic nonunion, osteopenia and comminuted fractures.
Introduction
To treat neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), we performed Salter innominate osteotomy with a modification of transiliac lengthening. We asked whether this modified ...technique caused posterior coverage problems and triradiate cartilage injury.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients with unilateral DDH treated by open reduction and femoral shortening and modified Salter innominate osteotomy. The age at operation was 38.44 ± 19.79 months (mean ± standard deviation). Minimum follow-up was 24 months (mean ± standard deviation 49.84 ± 27.73 months; range 24–112 months). We measured the tilt of the iliac bone (difference of preoperative and postoperative acetabular index values). We divided the hips into two groups. There were 29 hips in Group 1 (deviation amount <20°) and 16 hips in Group 2 (deviation amount ≥20°). At the latest follow-up, frontal and axial plane computed tomographic analyses were performed. We measured medial wall thickness, teardrop width, and hemipelvis heights to evaluate triradiate cartilage intactness indirectly. Posterior center edge angle, which reflects posterior coverage of the hip, was also measured.
Results
We found no differences between groups regarding all measured parameters.
Conclusions
Modified Salter osteotomy with transiliac lengthening can be performed safely in the treatment of neglected DDH.
This study aims to assess potential changes in radiation values at the solar power plant facility in Istanbul using the RegCM. This analysis seeks to estimate the extent of the solar radiation ...changes and evaluate the production capacity of solar power in Istanbul in the future. The research involved installing an off-grid rooftop solar energy system. Meteorological parameters (temperature, etc.) and the system’s outputs were monitored to evaluate the energy production and its relationship with these parameters. The performance of the Regional Climate Model version 5.0 (RegCMv5) in accurately representing surface solar radiation and temperature patterns was assessed by comparing it with measured monocrystalline solar panel output data. The impact of different cumulus convection schemes was examined on the sensitivity of the RegCM by analyzing surface solar radiation data over the initial three months. Long-term simulations were conducted with the representational concentration path (RCP) scenarios of 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 spanning from 2023 to 2050 with convection schemes yielding the best results. All scenarios project a slight decrease in incoming surface radiation.
Rubble-mound breakwaters are subjected not only to water wave action but also to other types of environmental loading, such as earthquakes. The design of coastal structures should take into account ...the most relevant factors in each case, including seismic loading. The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamic response of breakwater materials in dry and water conditions. Hence, an experimental study was carried out for homogeneous breakwater structures subjected to different dynamic loadings with variable frequencies and amplitudes in a shaking tank. A shaking tank with a single degree of freedom was developed. The experiments were performed with rigid bottom conditions. The model scale was 1/50. The cyclic responses of the breakwater made of entirely armor material and another of entirely core material were examined separately, and their behaviors were then compared. The experimental results are also discussed with a numerical study, and the material properties and failure modes were thus defined. It is found that the settlement of the armor and core materials under cyclic loads increased with increasing base acceleration level. The cyclic deformation of the rubble mound breakwater in water was larger than that under dry conditions. The cyclic deformation of the rubble materials resulted in crest lowering and slumping. Dominant mode of the seismic failure was associated with the settlement of the crown of the structure accompanied by densification of the core material.
► The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamic response of breakwater materials. ► An experimental study was carried out for homogeneous breakwater structures. ► A shaking tank with a single degree of freedom was developed. ► The experiments were performed with rigid bottom conditions. ► The experimental results are also discussed with a numerical study.
Purpose
This study reviews the dynamic patellofemoral CT results of 39 patients with untreated developmental dislocation of the hip who are suffering from knee pain.
Method
The mean age of the ...patients with unilateral developmental dislocation of the hip was 33.3 (±7.9), for bilateral patients 36.2 (±11.3), and for the control group, it was 31.5 (±8.5). While 14 of them were bilateral, 25 were unilateral. The CT results of 24 asymptomatic adult knees served as the control group. The patellofemoral parameters of patients with unilateral and bilateral developmental dislocation of the hip, the control group’s parameters and the effect of femoral anteversion, limb length discrepancy, severity of dislocation, the mechanical axis deviation on patellofemoral parameters were analyzed.
Results
In patients with unilateral untreated developmental dislocation of the hip, although the patella was located more laterally at initial flexion degrees, it was located more medially at 30° and 60° flexion with respect to the control group. For the involved extremity, the PTA angles at 15°, 30°, and 60° flexion were significantly higher than in the control group corresponding to medial patellar tilt. In patients with bilateral developmental dislocation of the hip, the course of the patella during tracking in terms of patellar shift was similar to that of the unilateral patients. The amount of leg length discrepancy and the severity of dislocation, as well as the mechanical axis deviation, did not affect the patellofemoral parameters.
Conclusion
The patients with untreated developmental dislocation of the hip and suffering from knee pain should be analyzed not only for tibiofemoral abnormalities but also for patellofemoral malalignment.
Level of evidence
Case–control study, Level III.
Bayram, B.; Seker, D.Z.; Acar, U.; Yuksel, Y.; Guner, H.A.A., and Cetin, I., 2013. An integrated approach to temporal monitoring of the shoreline and basin of Terkos Lake. In this study, the ...combinatorial shoreline and land-use/cover (LULC) changes in the shoreline and basin of Terkos Lake were examined using Landsat satellite images taken in 1986, 2001, and 2009. Terkos Lake is one of seven freshwater-supplying reservoirs of Istanbul, and its borders are very close to the Black Sea. Terkos Lake is in danger because of the approach of its borders to the Black Sea. Changes in the lake's shoreline have been measured using an algorithm based on a hybrid region growing image-segmentation method. The LULC changes have been monitored using object-oriented image-processing software to provide understanding of the impact of these changes on the shoreline. Overall accuracy of the classification reached 92% for 1986, 94% for 2001, and 93% for 2009. The maximum shoreline change measured was 280 m in 23 years. Also, the obtained shoreline and LULC changes have been integrated into the long-term analysis of wave and wind characteristics and sediment-transport calculations. The calculations have been validated with shoreline changes, which have been automatically extracted from Landsat satellite images. The basic outcomes and proposals have been suggested to deal with uncontrolled human activities in the study area.
Based on the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method (ISBM) in multi domain (MD), a numerical method is proposed in this paper to study the interaction of submerged permeable ...breakwaters and regular waves at normal incidence. To account for fluid flow inside the porous breakwaters, the conventional model of Sollitt and Cross for porous media is adopted. Both single and dual trapezoidal breakwaters are examined. The physical problem is formulated in the context of the linear potential wave theory. The domain decomposition method (DDM) is employed, in which the full computational domain is decomposed into separate domains, that is, the fluid domain and the domains of the breakwaters. Respectively, appropriate mixed type boundary and continuity conditions are applied for each subdomain and at the interfaces between domains. The solution is approximated in each subdomain by the ISBM. The discretized algebraic equations are combined, resulting in an overdetermined full system that is solved using a least-square solution procedure. The numerical results are presented in terms of the hydrodynamic quantities of reflection, transmission, and wave-energy dissipation. The relevance of the results of the present numerical procedure is first validated against data of previous studies, and then selected computations are discussed for various structural conditions. The proposed method is demonstrated to be highly accurate and computationally efficient.
In today’s conditions, one of the most important issues that confuse students in higher education is their career. With the increasing economic conditions and population growth, it becomes more ...difficult for them to decide on their careers. Employment perspectives and professional awareness levels are important for job seekers to find a job that meets their knowledge, skills and expectations and to ensure continuity. The general mood for students to have information about finding a job after graduation is expressed as employment hope. The quality of education students receive in higher education will affect their careers and futures. In this study, it is aimed to examine the mediating role of the education quality (EQ) in higher education in the relationship between career decidedness (CD) and employment hope (EH) of university students. The research was conducted with a sample of 476 people which continues to their higher education in different universities in Türkiye. According to the findings obtained; a statistically significant positive correlation was found between CD and EQ, CD and EH, and EQ and EH. In addition, according to the mediation test, it was determined that education quality had a partial and weak mediating role between CD and EH.
Submarine pipelines, one of the most important subjects in coastal engineering, are widely used in coastal structures. In order to ensure these pipelines are stable and functional during their ...project life, attention must be paid to their design and coastal processes. In the design phase, the possibility of local scouring under submarine pipelines must be taken into consideration. If local scour occurs under the submarine pipelines, the pipelines may either vibrate due to the hydrodynamic forces or induce additional static or dynamic loads due to self-burial. Moreover, they might be destroyed partially or fully and thus be unable to perform their functions. This paper presents experimental investigations of scour depth with respect to water depth using regular waves. The investigations encompass shoaling region conditions. Results of the measurements of velocities and beach profiles are enlightening, both for understanding of the mutual interaction between the disturbed flow field around the pipe and the seabed morphology as well as in making predictions of scour depth around submarine pipelines. Based on the present experimental data, a new equation is proposed, relating the maximum equilibrium scour depth to the modified Ursell number for the live bed condition for a rigid pipe fixed initially in contact with the bed.
Submarine pipelines are widely used coastal structures, and scour around them can influence their stability. In this study, scour around rigid submarine pipelines under normal-incidence irregular ...wave attack on horizontal and (1/10) sloping beaches is studied. This paper presents experimental results concerning scour under irregular wave attack. Multiple regression analysis is used to develop models to predict the scour depth under pipelines under the influence of irregular wave attack. The representative wave parameters that characterize the irregular sea state that causes the same scour depth as regular wave attack were determined.
•Scour in shoaling condition•Scour depth exposed to irregular wave attack•Best representative wave parameter characterizing irregular sea state
