Abstract
The measurements of the prompt and non-prompt differential cross-sections of
J
/
ψ
and
ψ
(2S) mesons in a high transverse momentum range are reported. The measurements of the non-prompt ...fractions of
ψ
(2S) and
J
/
ψ
, and of prompt and non-prompt production ratios of
ψ
(2S) to
J
/
ψ
are also presented. The analysis is performed using
pp
collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at
s
=
13
TeV
during Run 2 of the LHC, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb
−1
.
Self-medication with antibiotics is a global phenomenon and a potential contributor to human pathogen resistance to antibiotics. It involves obtaining medication without a prescription, taking ...medicines based on the advice of friends and relatives, or previous treatment experience. Self-medication is common in both developed and developing countries; however, the prevalence of self-medication is higher in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of antimicrobial self-medication in Georgia and its potential to influence the overall situation regarding antimicrobial consumption in the country.
We conducted a cross-sectional study using a random sampling method and developed a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data. The survey was conducted via the Internet using the Google Forms platform.
The overall number of respondents was 742 adults living in Georgia. The results showed that 23.8% (
= 177) of adults had consumed antibiotics without a doctor's prescription, and 12.7% (
= 94) confirmed the use of antibiotics by their own decision to treat minor family members. The total prevalence of self-medication was 32.6%. The data analysis revealed a correlation between factor F1 ("personal experience") and gender (
= 0.042, F = 2.6), and between age and factor F2 ("lack of trust in medical practitioners") (
= 0.047, F = 2.691). The correlation was stronger among young adults (aged 18-24) and senior adults (aged 60+). The correlation between the level of education and factor F2 was stronger (
= 0.00; F1 = 7.9) than with factor F1 (
= 0.04; F = 2.2).
Self-medication is prevalent in Georgia; pharmacies are the main sources of antimicrobials. No correlation was found between factor F2, pertaining to "lack of trust in medical practitioners" and gender, between age and factor F1, linked to "personal experience." The study uncovered a lack of knowledge about self-medication with antibiotics and emphasized the importance of public awareness campaigns and implementing effective interventions to regulate the sales of antibiotics without a doctor's prescription.
Regional study of anthrax foci Nikolaishvili, Marina; Zakareishvili, Marina; Beradze, Irma ...
Online journal of public health informatics,
05/2017, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe anthrax foci alongthe Georgia-Azerbaijan border and to describe control measures inidentified areas.IntroductionAnthrax is endemic in the South ...Caucasus region. There is alack of understanding of the regional epidemiology of the causativepathogen,Bacillus anthracis, and the trans-boundary factors relatedto its persistence.MethodsTo increase the local and regional understanding of anthraxecology, ecological risk factors, and the genetic relationships anddistribution among Georgian and AzerbaijaniB. anthracisstrains, aregional study of the ecology of anthrax foci was conducted in Georgiaand Azerbaijan. Six regions in Georgia (that border Azerbaijan)were selected for environmental sampling based on historical data.Soil samples were collected in Lagodekhi and Sagarejo and testedat the Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture using standardbacteriological and molecular biology methods.ResultsA total of 185 soil samples were collected. Bacteriological testsrevealed four positive samples from Kakheti (two from Lagodekhi,Gelati; two from Dedoplistskaro), from which, cultures were isolatedand confirmed by PCR. Georgian scientists continue collecting andtesting soil samples. After sample collection and bacteriologicaltesting is completed, the molecular characteristics of the pathogenwill be examined.ConclusionsThis study will assist in the formulation of targeted public healthinterventions aimed at increasing knowledge of the disease withinspecific demographics. Public health interventions can focus onlivestock surveillance and control in identified areas.
Brucellosis is the one of most common livestock zoonoses in Georgia, resulting in significant economic losses. Livestock were sampled in three regions of Georgia (Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Imereti). ...Districts that historically reported high numbers of brucellosis related morbidity were selected for serological, bacteriological and molecular surveys. Surveying efforts yielded samples from 10,819 large and small ruminants. In total, 735 serological tests were positive on Rose Bengal and 33 bacterial isolates were recovered and identified as Brucella melitensis or Brucella abortus by microbiology and AMOS-PCR. A Bayesian framework was implemented to estimate the true prevalence of the disease given an imperfect diagnostic test. Regional posterior median true prevalence estimates ranged from 2.7% (95% CI: 1.4, 7.2) in Kvemo Kartli, 0.8% (95% CI: 0.0, 3.6) in Kakheti, to an estimate of 0.6% (95% CI: 0.0, 2.9) in Imereti. Accurate and efficient surveillance of brucellosis is not only of economic value, but also informs efforts to reduce the disease impact on the human population.
Three spare modules of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter were exposed to test beams from the Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator at CERN in 2017. The measurements of the energy response and resolution of ...the detector to positive pions and kaons and protons with energy in the range 16 to 30 GeV are reported. The results have uncertainties of few percent. They were compared to the predictions of the Geant4-based simulation program used in ATLAS to estimate the response of the detector to proton-proton events at Large Hadron Collider. The determinations obtained using experimental and simulated data agree within the uncertainties.
20 water-soluble antigen have been identified with the help of rabbit antisera to extracts of the early gastrula ectoderm and neural plate in Rana temporaria. All of them were also found in the early ...blastula embryos and unfertilized eggs. The identified antigens are characterized by a definite embryospecificity. As the development proceeds, the concentration of these antigens in the embryonic tissues decreases until the complete disappearance of corresponding immunoelectrophoretic reactions. By this characteristic all antigens under study are subdivided into four groups: I--five antigens identified at the early developmental stages only (until hatching, stage 29); II--nine antigens present up to stages 33--35; III--three antigens followed up to stages 39--40 (well formed tadpole); IV--three antigens were found at all developmental stages under study up to stages 45--47. 11 out of 20 identified antigens have antigenic similarity with the proteins of blood serum of adult amphibians. Besides, the early gastrula ectoderm contains antigens similar with those of the brain of adult amphibians.
Silver impregnation of polyacrylamide gel sheets after isoelectrofocusing is described. This method of staining allows to increase the sensitivity of the traditional isoelectrofocusing 5 to 10 times, ...as compared with staining of gels by Coumassi brilliant-blue R-250 (in case of analysis of complex protein mixtures). When analyzing individual protein preparations, the sensitivity of isoelectrofocusing with silver staining is within the range of several dozens of ng per sample. A special attention is paid to methods permitting to decrease the non-specific background staining of gel by silver.
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