This study aims to isolate the freshwater fish–derived potential probiotics and evaluate their beneficial effects on the growth, immune response, and disease resistance of juvenile zebrafish (
Danio ...rerio
). Herein, three strains (
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
GL-5,
Weissella hellenica
GJ-1, and
Pediococcus claussenii
GJ-3) were identified with antagonistic activity against fish pathogens, high tolerance to 0.1% bile salt, and good hydrophobicity. As the model, zebrafish (15 days post-fertilization, dpf) were fed with a basal diet (control) supplemented with GL-5, GJ-1, GJ-3, heat-killed
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
GL-5*, and commercial probiotics (positive control) at a concentration of 1 × 10
7
CFU/mL for 4 weeks. Compared with the GL-5* (36.35 ± 2.03 mg fish
−1
) and control (37.31 ± 1.91 mg fish
−1
) groups, the GL-5 (58.15 ± 2.58 mg fish
−1
), GJ-1 (69.55 ± 3.85 mg fish
−1
), GJ-3 (62.90 ± 2.99 mg fish
−1
), and commercial probiotic (62.03 ± 2.68 mg fish
−1
) treatment were found to significantly promote the growth of zebrafish. Compared to the control group challenged by immersion with 1 × 10
7
CFU/mL
Aeromonas hydrophila
, the GJ-3 and positive groups showed the highest transcript levels of
IL-1β
and
TNF-α
at 8 h post-challenge (
P
< 0.05). The survival rates (80%) of the GJ-3 and commercial probiotic–fed groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (50%) at 32 h post-challenge (
P
< 0.05). Therefore,
Pediococcus claussenii
GJ-3 can be considered a potential probiotic for reducing the use of antibiotics and preventing bacterial diseases in fish.
Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), a key periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in various systemic diseases, including colorectal cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, its potential role in ...promoting gut inflammation and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, multiple studies have reported an association between tea polyphenols and a reduced risk of periodontal disease and colitis, but it remains unclear whether they play a role in mitigating gut inflammation exacerbated by PG. In this study, we demonstrated that Tea polyphenols (TP) reduced the activity of PG and lowered the expression levels of virulence factors. Intervention with TP can prevent the worsening of gut inflammation exacerbated by PG, including body weight loss and shortened colon length. TP not only alleviated the differentiation of Th17 cells and the secretion of related cytokines but also promoted the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacteria like Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus. Metabolomics revealed that TP enriched potential beneficial microbial metabolites, such as secondary bile acids, and showed certain correlations with immune-related markers.
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The microbiomes of cesarean-born infants differ from vaginally delivered infants and are associated with increased disease risks. Vaginal microbiota transfer (VMT) to newborns may reverse ...C-section-related microbiome disturbances. Here, we evaluated the effect of VMT by exposing newborns to maternal vaginal fluids and assessing neurodevelopment, as well as the fecal microbiota and metabolome. Sixty-eight cesarean-delivered infants were randomly assigned a VMT or saline gauze intervention immediately after delivery in a triple-blind manner (ChiCTR2000031326). Adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups. Infant neurodevelopment, as measured by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) score at 6 months, was significantly higher with VMT than saline. VMT significantly accelerated gut microbiota maturation and regulated levels of certain fecal metabolites and metabolic functions, including carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolisms, within 42 days after birth. Overall, VMT is likely safe and may partially normalize neurodevelopment and the fecal microbiome in cesarean-delivered infants.
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•This triple-blind RCT shows that VMT may be safe for cesarean-born infants•VMT is associated with improved neurodevelopment in cesarean-born infants•VMT could restore the gut microbiome to resemble that of vaginally delivered infants•VMT regulates levels of certain gut metabolites and metabolic pathways
The safety and effect of vaginal microbiota transfer (VMT) on cesarean-born infants continues to be debated. In a triple-blind randomized controlled trial, Zhou et al. show that VMT is likely safe and may partially normalize neurodevelopment and the fecal microbiome in cesarean-born infants, supporting its potential health benefits.
Understanding the microbial and chemical diversities, as well as what affects these diversities, is important for modern manufacturing of traditional fermented foods. In this work, Chinese dark teas ...(CDTs) that are traditional microbial fermented beverages with relatively high sample diversity were collected. Microbial DNA amplicon sequencing and mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics show that the CDT microbial β diversity, as well as the nonvolatile chemical α and β diversities, is determined by the primary impact factors of geography and manufacturing procedures, in particular, latitude and pile fermentation after blending. A large number of metabolites sharing between CDTs and fungi were discovered by Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) on the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web platform. These molecules, such as prenylated cyclic dipeptides and B-vitamins, are functionally important for nutrition, biofunctions, and flavor. Molecular networking has revealed patterns in metabolite profiles on a chemical family level in addition to individual structures.
Microbial breakdown of organic matter is one of the most important processes on Earth, yet the controls of decomposition are poorly understood. Here we track 36 terrestrial human cadavers in three ...locations and show that a phylogenetically distinct, interdomain microbial network assembles during decomposition despite selection effects of location, climate and season. We generated a metagenome-assembled genome library from cadaver-associated soils and integrated it with metabolomics data to identify links between taxonomy and function. This universal network of microbial decomposers is characterized by cross-feeding to metabolize labile decomposition products. The key bacterial and fungal decomposers are rare across non-decomposition environments and appear unique to the breakdown of terrestrial decaying flesh, including humans, swine, mice and cattle, with insects as likely important vectors for dispersal. The observed lockstep of microbial interactions further underlies a robust microbial forensic tool with the potential to aid predictions of the time since death.
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