The control of complex oxide heterostructures at atomic level generates a rich spectrum of exotic properties and unexpected states at the interface between two separately prepared materials. The ...frustration of magnetization and conductivity of manganite perovskite at surface/interface which is inimical to their device applications, could also flourish in tailored functionalities in return. Here we prove that the exchange bias (EB) effect can unexpectedly emerge in a (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSMO) "single" film when large compressive stress imposed through a lattice mismatched substrate. The intrinsic EB behavior is directly demonstrated to be originating from the exchange coupling between ferromagnetic LSMO and an unprecedented LaSrMnO4-based spin glass, formed under a large interfacial strain and subsequent self-assembly. The present results not only provide a strategy for producing a new class of delicately functional interface by strain engineering, but also shed promising light on fabricating the EB part of spintronic devices in a single step.
•OHSNSs have been obtained by surface hydrophobic layer protected selective etching.•The protective effect of the surface hydrophobic layer is closely related to the chain length of organosilane.•The ...surface coverage of organic groups for the prepared samples is higher and more uniform.•The different concentrations of CTAB as pore-making agent have a significant influence on the structure and morphology of the samples.
In this study, a facile and effective surface hydrophobic layer protected selective etching strategy has been adopted to fabricate organic functionalized hollow silica nanospheres (OHSNSs). Our experiments demonstrated that the morphology and structure of OHSNSs were greatly affected by the types of organosilanes and concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as pore-making agent. At low concentration of CTAB (1.9mg/mL−1), it was found that the protective effect of the hydrophobic layer of 3-thiocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (TCPTES) was so strong that can be endured long time etching (8h), leading to the formation of hollow core and organic porous shell structure. And yet, the protective effect of the hydrophobic layer of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) was too weak to withstand alkali etching, resulting in preferentially etched of the outer vinyl protection shell. Whereas, at a higher concentration of CTAB (2.5mg/mL−1), for TCPTES, the irregular and capsules-like spheres were obtained. In contrast, for VTES, porous core/solid shell structures with shell thickness of 16nm were generated. In addition, no particles were observed when the CTAB concentration was above 2.5mg/mL−1.
Aims
To examine the association between 24 literature‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods and results
Twenty‐four ...candidate diabetic kidney disease‐susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 208 participants with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease and 200 participants with type 2 diabetes without diabetic kidney disease (case and control groups, respectively), together with 206 healthy participants using MassARRAY. Rs11643718 in the SLC12A3 gene was associated with diabetic kidney disease in the recessive model after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and gender (adjusted odds ratio 2.056, 95% CI 1.120–3.776; P = 0.020). Meta‐analyses further confirmed the association (P = 0.002). In addition, participants with the GG genotype had worse renal function and more albuminuria than those with the AA+AG genotype (P < 0.05). Renal section immunohistochemistry was conducted in participants with type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease and AA+AG or GG genotypes and in participants with glomerular minor lesions. Together with data from the Nephroseq database, it was shown that the abundance of SLC12A3 was reduced in patients with the GG genotype, while elevated expression of SLC12A3 was associated with better renal function. In addition, rs10951509 and rs1345365 in ELMO1, which were determined to be in high linkage disequilibrium by SHEsis software, were also associated with diabetic kidney disease (adjusted P = 0.010 and 0.015, respectively).
Conclusions
The G allele and GG genotype of SLC12A3 rs11643718 are associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.
What's new?
Many diabetic kidney disease (DKD)‐susceptible single‐nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs) in type 2 diabetes have been identified; however, the relationship between some SNPs and DKD is still controversial. The effect of several SNPs on DKD in Chinese populations with type 2 diabetes is also unclear.
This study found that the G allele and GG genotype in SLC12A3 rs11643718, as well as the G allele and GG+AG genotype in ELMO1 rs10951509 and rs1345365, may be risk factors for DKD in Chinese type 2 diabetes populations.
Analysing these genotypes in people with type 2 diabetes will be helpful in identifying populations with high risk of DKD.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPrevious studies have reported that MCA bifurcation aneurysms usually emerge on inclined bifurcations; however, the reason is unclear. We designed this study to explore ...hemodynamic mechanisms that correlate with the initiation of MCA bifurcation aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODSFifty-four patients with unilateral MCA bifurcation aneurysms and 54 control patients were enrolled in this study after propensity score matching, and their clinical and CTA data were collected. We extracted the morphologic features of aneurysmal MCA bifurcations to build a simplified MCA bifurcation model and performed a computational fluid dynamics analysis. RESULTSThe presence of MCA aneurysms correlated with smaller parent-daughter angles of MCA bifurcations (P < .001). Aneurysmal MCA bifurcations usually presented with inclined shapes. The computational fluid dynamics analysis demonstrated that when arterial bifurcations became inclined, the high-pressure regions and low wall shear stress regions shifted from the apexes of the arterial bifurcations to the inclined daughter arteries, while the initial sites of MCA bifurcation aneurysms often overlapped with the shifted high-pressure regions and low wall shear stress regions. CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that the initiation of MCA bifurcation aneurysms may correlate with shifts of high-pressure regions and low wall shear stress regions that occur on inclined MCA bifurcations.
This prospective, randomized, phase III trial shows that prophylactic cranial irradiation prolongs disease-free survival, decreases the rate of cerebral metastases and does not affect quality-of-life ...for patients with fully resected postoperative pathologically confirmed stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer and high risk of cerebral metastases after adjuvant chemotherapy.
This study compared prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) with observation in patients with resected stage IIIA–N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high risk of cerebral metastases after adjuvant chemotherapy.
In this open-label, randomized, phase III trial, patients with fully resected postoperative pathologically confirmed stage IIIA–N2 NSCLC and high cerebral metastases risk without recurrence after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive PCI (30 Gy in 10 fractions) or observation. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary end points included the incidence of brain metastases, overall survival (OS), toxicity and quality of life.
This trial was terminated early after the random assignment of 156 patients (81 to PCI group and 75 to control group). The PCI group had significantly lengthened DFS compared with the control group, with a median DFS of 28.5 months versus 21.2 months hazard ratio (HR), 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.98;P = 0.037. PCI was associated with a decrease in risk of brain metastases (the actuarial 5-year brain metastases rate, 20.3% versus 49.9%; HR, 0.28; 95% CI 0.14–0.57;P < 0.001). The median OS was 31.2 months in the PCI group and 27.4 months in the control group (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.56–1.16;P = 0.310). While main toxicities were headache, nausea/vomiting and fatigue in the PCI group, they were generally mild.
In patients with fully resected postoperative pathologically confirmed stage IIIA–N2 NSCLC and high risk of cerebral metastases after adjuvant chemotherapy, PCI prolongs DFS and decreases the incidence of brain metastases.
Pre-exposure of plants to abiotic stressors may induce stress memory and improve tolerance to subsequent stresses. Here, 3-month-old Calligonum mongolicum seedlings were exposed to drought (60 days) ...with (primed) or without (unprimed) early drought exposure of 50 days, to determine whether this enhances seedling resistance and investigate possible underlying mechanisms. Compared to unprimed, primed seedlings had higher biomass, shoot relative water content (15% and 22%), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. They also had more superoxide anions (O
) and H
O
scavenging mechanisms through higher activity of SOD, CAT, APX, and dehydroascorbate reductase in assimilating shoots and roots, resulting in less ROS and oxidative stress damage. Plants also had higher ABA and JA but lower SA, likely reflecting an adaptive response to subsequent stress. Primed seedlings accumulated more IAA and brassinosteroids, which may account for their better growth. Accumulation of glycine betaine, pro, and total amino acids in assimilating shoots and roots of primed seedlings led to reduced osmotic stress. Drivers of responses of non-primed and primed seedlings to drought varied. Responses of primed seedlings were primarily characterized by more photosynthetic pigments, increased oxidative scavenging of O
and H
O
, more phytohormones and osmolytes. Early drought priming of drought stress memory in C. mongolicum seedlings may provide a useful management approach to improve seedling establishment in vegetation restoration programs.
The process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} is studied with a semi-inclusive method using data samples at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV collected with the BESIII detector ...operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections of the process are measured for the first time with high precision in this energy region. Two resonance structures are observed in the energy-dependent cross sections around 4.2 and 4.4 GeV. By fitting the cross sections with a coherent sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes and one phase-space amplitude, the two significant structures are assigned masses of (4186.8±8.7±30) and (4414.6±3.4±6.1) MeV/c^{2}, widths of (55±15±53) and (122.5±7.5±8.1) MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The inclusion of a third Breit-Wigner amplitude is necessary to describe a structure around 4.79 GeV.
Glioma is one of the most common and invasive tumors of the central nervous system. Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are involved in many cancers, but their function and mechanism in glioma remain largely ...unknown. We wished to delineate the role of lncRNA H19 and its derivative miR-675 in this tumor.
Using qPCR, we compared expression of lncRNA H19 in 35 specimens of glioma vs control tissue, and in two glioma cell lines U251 and U87 vs Normal Human Astrocyte (NHA) cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated after shRNA silencing of lncRNA H19 in glioma cell lines. The role of miR-675 was tested using antagomir and the mimic.
LncRNA H19 was overexpressed in glioma tissue and cell lines. In tissue, higher expression levels were observed in more advanced stages of the tumor. Furthermore, lncRNA H19 was negatively associated with patient survival time. In cell culture experiments, silencing of lncRNA H19 diminished proliferation of glioma cell lines. These effects of lncRNA H19 appeared to be intermediated by miR-675. The latter was overexpressed in glioma tissue and was negatively associated with patient survival. Supporting the involvement of miR-675, its antagomir decreased proliferation of glioma cell lines, whereas its mimic increased proliferation of NHA cells.
LncRNA H19 is overexpressed in glioma tissue, and is positively associated with the tumor grade and negatively associated with patient survival. In cell culture studies, lncRNA H19 promotes glioma cell proliferation. These tumor-promoting effects of lncRNA H19 appear to be mediated by miR-675.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on production performance, egg quality, and hepatic-antioxidant status of laying hens in vanadium-containing diets. A total of ...300 Lohman laying hens (67 wk old) were used in a 1 plus 3 × 3 experiment design in which hens were given either a diet without vanadium and TP supplementation (control) or diets supplemented with 5, 10, or 15 mg V/kg and TP (0, 600, 1,000 mg/kg) diets for 8 wk, which included 2 phases: a 5-wk accumulation phase and a 3-wk depletion phase. During the accumulation phase, dietary vanadium addition decreased (linear, P < 0.01) albumen height and Haugh unit (HU), and TP supplementation mitigated (linear effect, P < 0.01) this reduction effect induced by vanadium. Eggshell thickness (linear, P < 0.01), redness (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05), and yellowness (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) were decreased by vanadium and increased by the effect of TP when a vanadium-containing diet was fed. In the depletion phase, the bleaching effect on eggshells induced by vanadium disappeared one wk after vanadium withdrawal. Eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, albumen height, and HU were lower (P < 0.05) in the 15 mg/kg vanadium group compared with the control diet until 2 wk post vanadium challenge, but hens fed 15 mg/kg vanadium and 600 mg/kg TP showed no difference from the control diet only after 1 wk withdrawal. In the liver, the activity of glutathione S-transferases and glutathione peroxidase was increased (linear, P < 0.01) with the TP addition at 5 wk in the accumulation phase in the vanadium-containing diet; the malondialdehyde content increased (linear effect, P = 0.02) with the addition of vanadium. The results indicate that supplementation of 10 and 15 mg/kg vanadium resulted in reduced albumen quality, bleaching effect on eggshell color, and antioxidant stress in the liver. The effect of TP addition can prevent laying hens from the adverse effect of vanadium on egg quality, liver antioxidant stress and shorten the recovery time.
Summary
This paper systematically reviewed and assessed all retrievable pharmacoeconomic studies on denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis. Denosumab was more cost-effective in patients with ...older age, prior fracture experience, lower BMD T-scores, and more risk factors. ESCEO-IOF guidelines were more applicable to improve the quality of pharmacoeconomic studies in osteoporosis.
Introduction
There are many pharmacoeconomic studies on denosumab for osteoporosis. However, the corresponding reviews are outdated or incomplete and need to be updated and refined. This article aims to systematically review and evaluate all retrievable pharmacoeconomic studies of denosumab for osteoporosis.
Methods
A systematic literature search was performed utilizing PubMed, EMBASE(Ovid), Proquest(EconLit), Chongqing VIP, WanFang Database, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify full-text articles published before September 2021. The quality of full-text articles was evaluated by the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards(CHEERS) and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases International Osteoporosis Foundation guideline(ESCEO-IOF).
Results
In total, 21 full-text articles were eligible for inclusion. Denosumab for postmenopausal osteoporosis was not dominant compared to zoledronate and teriparatide. However, denosumab was dominant compared with strontium ranelate, raloxifene, and ibandronate in patients over 65 years. The probabilities of denosumab being cost-effective or dominant were more than 85% compared with no treatment and risedronate in patients aged over 70 years. Compared to alendronate, the highest rate of denosumab dominance occurred in patients aged 65 to 75 years, at about 65%. Most of the articles had higher CHEERS scores than ESCEO-IOF scores (converted into percentages).
Conclusions
The cost-effectiveness of denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis was influenced by multiple factors. Generally, denosumab was more cost-effective in patients with older age, prior fracture experience, lower BMD T-scores, and more risk factors. ESCEO-IOF guidelines were more applicable to improve the transparency, generalization, and quality of pharmacoeconomic studies in osteoporosis.
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