Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes an increasing number of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Altered metabolism contributes to patient prognosis, but the impact of HPV status on HNSCC ...metabolism remains relatively uncharacterized. We hypothesize that metabolism-related gene expression differences unique to HPV-positive HNSCC influences patient survival. The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq data from primary HNSCC patient samples were categorized as 73 HPV-positive, 442 HPV-negative, and 43 normal-adjacent control tissues. We analyzed 229 metabolic genes and identified numerous differentially expressed genes between HPV-positive and negative HNSCC patients. HPV-positive carcinomas exhibited lower expression levels of genes involved in glycolysis and higher levels of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation than the HPV-negative carcinomas. Importantly, reduced expression of the metabolism-related genes
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were correlated with improved patient survival only in the HPV-positive group. This work suggests that specific transcriptional alterations in metabolic genes may serve as predictive biomarkers of patient outcome and identifies potential targets for novel therapeutic intervention in HPV-positive head and neck cancers.
Background and purpose
Previous studies suggested that the overall burden of prior infections contributes to cardiovascular diseases and stroke. In the present study, the association between ...infectious burden (IB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was examined.
Methods
Antibody titers to common infectious pathogens including cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 128 AD patients and 135 healthy controls. IB was defined as a composite serological measure of exposure to these common pathogens.
Results
Seropositivities toward zero−two, three and four−five of these pathogens were found in 44%, 40% and 16% of healthy controls but in 20%, 44% and 36% of AD patients, respectively. IB, bacterial burden and viral burden were independently associated with AD after adjusting for age, gender, education, APOE genotype and various comorbidities. Mini‐Mental State Examination scores were negatively correlated with IB in all cases. Serum beta‐amyloid protein (Aβ) levels (i.e. Aβ40, Aβ42 and total Aβ) and inflammatory cytokines (i.e. interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6) in individuals exposed to four−five infectious pathogens were significantly higher than those exposed to zero−two or three pathogens.
Conclusions
IB consisting of CMV, HSV‐1, B. burgdorferi, C. pneumoniae and H. pylori is associated with AD. This study supports the role of infection/inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of AD.
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The planting of seedlings is the most effective measure for vegetation restoration. However, this practice is challenging in desert ecosystems where water and nutrients are scarce. Calligonum ...mongolicum is a sand‐fixing pioneer shrub species, and its adaptive strategy for nitrogen (N) deposition and drought is poorly understood.
Thus, in a pot experiment, we studied the impacts of four N levels (0, 3, 6, 9 gN·m−2·year−1) under drought or a well‐watered regime on multiple eco‐physiological responses of 1‐year‐old C. mongolicum seedlings.
Compared to well‐watered conditions, drought considerably influenced seedling growth by impairing photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation and activity of superoxide dismutase and enzymes related to N metabolism. Nitrogen addition improved the productivity of drought‐stressed seedlings, as revealed by increased water use efficiency, enhanced superoxide dismutase and nitrite reductase activity and elevated N and phosphorus (P) levels in seedlings. Nevertheless, the addition of moderate to high levels of N (6–9 gN·m−2·year−1) impaired net photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation and nitrate reductase activity. N addition and water regimes did not markedly change the N:P ratios of aboveground parts; while more biomass and nutrients were allocated to fine roots to assimilate the insufficient resources. Soluble protein in assimilating shoots might play a vital role in adaptation to the desert environment.
The response of C. mongolicum seedlings to N addtion and drought involved an interdependency between soluble protein and morphological, physiological and biochemical processes. These findings provide an important reference for vegetation restoration in arid lands under global change.
Coordinated eco‐physiological processes and soluble proteins conferred adaptation to N enrichment in drought‐stressed Calligonum mongolicum.
•Atomic oxygen erosion effect for POSS/PVDF composites is estimated by Monte Carlo method.•The erosion effect of atomic oxygen on PVDF is serious.•The atomic oxygen resistance of PVDF is effectively ...increased with the incorporation of POSS.•The cavity depths increase as the atomic oxygen fluence increase for composites.•The maximum erosion depth increases as the initial crack width increases.
PVDF as a novel material used in space was badly affected by atomic oxygen from Low Earth Orbit. Some results have been obtained that mechanical and polarization properties can be remarkably increased and ensured by addition of POSS. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the atomic oxygen erosion process of POSS/PVDF composites simulated using Monte Carlo method. The influence of POSS addition on PVDF matrix and the reinforcing mechanism of POSS on PVDF were analyzed. The models of POSS/PVDF composite undergo different years of atomic oxygen erosion were constructed. The relationship between the initial defect size and the erosion effect was also derived.
To reveal the decomposition mechanism of SF
6
under negative DC partial discharge (PD), a PD hybrid numerical model of SF
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was constructed based on fluid dynamics and plasma chemical reaction, and ...then the electronic properties under the single PD current pulse were systematically discussed. The results show that the area with higher average electron energy is located near the tip of the needle, and the electron density is small in the cathode sheath and mainly concentrated close to the needle electrode. When PD current pulse rises, the electron density increases as the time of PD increases, and the center of the electron cloud is located on the axis of symmetry. When PD current pulse drops, with the development of the PD, it shows that the density of electron number decreases gradually and the electron cloud moves away from the axis of symmetry gradually, in addition, the generation and dissipation of electron almost occurs in the same area.
We demonstrate an asymmetric rotation of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) spins in the exchange-spring driven by perpendicularly magnetized Co Pt. The static and dynamic behaviors of the twisted spin ...structure are directly revealed by a combination of element specific soft-x-ray absorption spectra and magnetoresistance measurements. X-ray magnetic linear dichroism spectra as a function of AFM thickness clarify the features of the whole exchange-spring, while the interfacial uncompensated spins are identified by the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra. Moreover, the observed tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) in AFM-based junctions based on this asymmetric rotation provides an electrical approach to monitoring the dynamic twist of the AFM spins. These investigations not only provide a deep insight into the spin structure of the exchange coupling layers but would also advance the development of AFM spintronics.
To examine the burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2019, and provide reference evidences for hepatitis prevention and control in the province.
Data on acute ...viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, and E) in Guangdong from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) data were analyzed by age and gender, and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to describe the changing trends in disease burden.
From 1999 to 2019, the standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong were higher than the national averages. In 2019, 51.43% (2 245 087/4 365 221) of acute viral hepatitis cases in Guangdong Province were mainly attributed to hepatitis B, and 77.18% (106/138) of deaths were due to acute hepatitis B. In different age groups, except for acute hepatitis B, which was more common in adults, the incide
The Cu-doped ZnO films were prepared by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering using a zinc target with various Cu-chips attached. The influences of Cu-doping on the microstructure, ...photoluminescence, and Raman scattering of ZnO films were systematically investigated. The results indicate that ZnO films doped with moderate Cu dopant (2.0-4.4at.%) can obtain wurtzite structure with strong c-axis orientation. The near band edge (NBE) emission of ZnO film can be enhanced by Cu dopant with a concentration of 2.0at.% and quench quickly with further increase of doping concentration. Two additional modes at about 230 and 575cm-1, which could be induced by Cu dopant, can be observed in Raman spectra of the Cu-doped ZnO films.
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