•Hydrothermal oxidation is an effective treatment for textile wastewater.•Both Sub-WCO and steam oxidation achieved to decompose more than 95% of TOC.•Steam showed more efficiency in reaction field ...for oxidation.•A second-order kinetic model described the kinetic of steam oxidation.•A two-step first-order kinetic model described the kinetics of Sub-CWO.
The objective of this research was to investigate the decomposition and decoloration of textile wastewater by hydrothermal treatment. We studied the hydrothermal oxidation of methyl orange aqueous solution using a flow-type reactor packed with MnO2 catalyst. Hot steam (vapor) and subcritical water (liquid) were used in the reactor as the decomposition media at the reaction temperature and pressure of 200–300°C and 1 or 10MPa, respectively. When methyl orange solution with 300mg/L of total organic carbon (TOC) was used, nearly complete decomposition of methyl orange was realized in hot steam at 300°C, 1MPa, 10s, and 1.5 oxygen supply ratio, i.e., a much higher TOC decomposition rate was obtained at a lower reaction pressure and shorter residence time than those obtained with subcritical water oxidation. The kinetic modeling of hydrothermal oxidation of the model wastewater containing methyl orange was also investigated. The kinetic model to calculate TOC conversion at a given residence time was proposed based on the regression from the complete set of data. In the case of hot steam oxidation, a second-order kinetic model was used to describe the TOC conversion. However, a two-step first-order kinetic model (a rapid first reaction followed by a slow second reaction) was needed to describe the kinetics of subcritical water oxidation. Both reaction rate expressions were successfully used to estimate the TOC concentrations at any residence time at 90% confidence level.
To investigate the deep origin of Cenozoic intraplate volcanism in Northeast (NE) China, especially the Wudalianchi volcanism, a new 3-D S-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle is ...constructed through ambient noise tomography. Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves of 5–40 s periods are collected from seismograms recorded at our newly deployed WAVESArray portable stations around the Wudalianchi volcano and NECESSArray portable stations and CEA provincial seismic stations in NE China. Compared to images resolved in previous studies, the addition of WAVESArray data provides much higher resolution in NE China. Under the Songliao, Erlian and Hailar basins, obvious low-velocity (low-V) anomalies are imaged above 5 km depth, which are well correlated with the sediments and have good correlations with the outlines of the basins. Under the Changbaishan volcano and Abaga and Halaha volcanic groups, low-V anomalies extend continuously down to the uppermost mantle, suggesting their continuous mantle magma provision. Under the Wudalianchi volcano, low-V anomalies above 20 km depth and in the upper mantle are revealed, but a high-velocity anomaly zone appears in the lower crust, suggesting that the Wudalianchi volcano is a type of mantle origin but parts of magma have been solidified in the lower crust, likely due to intermittent mantle magma provision. All these results indicate that the intraplate volcanism in NE China could be related to complicated mantle dynamics of the big mantle wedge that has been formed due to the stagnancy and dehydration of the subducted Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone.
•A new 3-D S-wave velocity model is constructed through the addition of our newly deployed WAVESArrary stations•Prominent low-velocity anomalies above 20 km depth and in the upper mantle are clearly imaged under the Wudalianchi volcano•Obvious low-V anomalies under the Abaga and Halaha volcanic groups extend continuously from the crust down to upper mantle•Our present model provides new seismic evidence for understanding the deep origin of intraplate volcanoes in NE China
This paper introduces a measurement method for the railgun current and the armature's speed and initial position for electromagnetic launch systems. The measurement device consists of several parts: ...a current B-dot probe, several speed B-dot probes, the data acquisition system, and a computer. A calibration experiment was done by comparing with another commercial Rogowski coil. The measured instantaneous continuous speed curve of the armature has a characteristic of extrapolation and shows clear physical meaning. At the same time, the method can also give us the main transient railgun current and the armature's initial position data. The results show that the method can get the railgun transient main current waveform, the armature's instantaneous continuous speed waveform, and the initial position data simultaneously. It would benefit the electromagnetic launch system design.
We present a new anisotropic tomographic model of the uppermost mantle around eastern Tibet using Pn traveltime data from a newly deployed temporary seismic array and recent observation bulletins of ...Chinese provincial networks. Our results are generally consistent with previous results but provide new insights into the dynamics of Tibetan plateau. Prominent high‐velocity (high‐V) anomalies are visible under Alashan block and Qaidam and Sichuan basins, which clearly outline their tectonic margins. A distinct high‐V zone representing the double‐sided subduction of Indo‐Eurasian plates is imaged from Lhasa block to the south of Qaidam basin. A pronounced low‐velocity (low‐V) zone is observed from Songpan‐Ganzi block to southern Chuan‐Dian diamond block, suggesting the existence of hot material upwelling there. Crustal strong earthquakes frequently occurred around high‐V anomalies or transition zones from high‐V to low‐V anomalies, suggesting that these earthquakes could be related to lateral heterogeneities in the mantle. The Pn fast direction approximately rotates around Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, and it is tangential to the margins of Sichuan basin, suggesting that the mantle material flow of Tibetan plateau may have affected east China. In the Yunnan region to the south of 26°N, the Pn fast direction is different from SKS splitting results, indicating that the mantle lithosphere could be mechanically decoupled at certain depth below the uppermost mantle, which might be attributable to the subduction of Indian (or Burma) slab. Although the correlation between anisotropy and velocity is complicated, anisotropy strength could be associated with the pattern of velocity anomalies in the region.
Key Points
A new Pn anisotropic tomographic model is inferred under eastern Tibetan Plateau
The upper mantle material flow around eastern Tibet could affect eastern China
The mantle lithosphere could be mechanically decoupling below uppermost mantle
It is necessary to consider the effect of temperature which changes the mechanical properties of materials when drill strings work in a non-uniform temperature field. In this paper, the natural ...frequencies of transverse vibration are studied under axial compression in the nonuniform temperature field. Using an asymptotic solution method, first-order approximation formula of the nonlinear vibration equation is obtained. The effects of temperature changes and axial pressure on the natural frequencies are discussed by an example. The results show that the influence of temperature on the critical load is small; change rate of natural frequency increases with the increase of axial pressure; while the axial pressures become larger, the influence of temperature on the first-order frequency is greater than on the second-order's.
Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of electronic cigarettes on insulin sensibility in ApoE gene knockout mice. Methods: In total, 48 male ApoE gene knockout mice were ...randomly divided into four exposure groups: 1) electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) containing 12 mg/ mL of nicotine, 2) e-cigarette without nicotine (0mg), 3) traditional cigarette (cigarette), and 4) fresh air (control). The first three groups were exposed to the associated smoke for 18 weeks. The body weight was recorded regularly in the four groups. After the last exposure, the concentrations of lipids, hs-CRP and TNF-α in serum were detected and the effect of electronic cigarettes on insulin tolerance was measured. Results: The levels of serum lipid, hs-CRP and TNF-α in the e-cigarette, 0mg and cigarette groups were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (p< 0.05). Also, the insulin tolerance in the e-cigarette, 0mg and cigarette groups was significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Electronic cigarettes showed comparable effects to traditional cigarettes in influencing the metabolic functions in ApoE gene knockout mice.
In a previous study, displacement self-sensing using driving current has been proposed for a synchronous-type macroscale electrostatic motor under alternating current (ac) operation; however, it ...cannot be used in practice due to its low noise immunity. This work improves the position self-sensing method for electrostatic motors under amplitude-modulated ac operation, in which the driving signal is amplitude-modulated using a high-frequency carrier signal. The modulation transfers the signal frequency to a higher region, which results in a much larger driving current and high noise immunity. In the modified self-sensing method discussed in this work, the high-frequency signal is demodulated, and then the slider displacement information is distilled through Clarke and Park transformations. The systematic error of the method is discussed to show that it depends on the performance of the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter (LPF) in demodulation. Theoretical analysis shows that the accuracy is possibly improved by decreasing the cutoff frequency of the LPF. Simulation results confirmed that the noise immunity of this modified self-sensing method is much higher than that of the previous method, which means it can be used in practice. Verification experiments have been done under various conditions by using prototype electrostatic motors, which validated that the modified self-sensing method realizes a high accuracy/resolution of around <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">20\,\mu</tex-math></inline-formula>m in practical situations.
Two earthquake swarms, the Qianguo swarm and Ningjiang swarm, have been observed since 2013 in the Songyuan area, Jilin Province, China. Using the seismic data of broadband permanent and temporal ...stations that recorded a larger number of earthquakes in the two swarms, we analyze the distribution of aftershocks and the focal mechanisms of these earthquakes and investigate the stress field and faulting properties of the Songyuan area. The relocated hypocenters of the Qianguo earthquakes are distributed along a NNW direction at focal depths of 4–13 km, while the dominant distribution of relocated Ningjiang earthquakes is along a NE direction at depths of 8–16 km. The focal mechanism solutions of 36 earthquakes with
M
L
≥ 3.6 demonstrate a combined strike-slip and thrust faulting mechanism with centroid depth concentrated at 3–7 km for the Qianguo swarm and a strike-slip mechanism with centroid depth at 5–7 km for the Ningjiang swarm. The full moment tensors of seven moderate–strong earthquakes show that these earthquakes contain a high percentage of non-double-couple components. The regional stress field is inverted using the focal mechanism parameters of the 36 earthquakes. In the Qianguo area, the horizontal maximum principal compressive stress (
σ
1
) is in the E–W direction with a dip angle of 14.1°. In the Ningjiang area, the
σ
1
is in the ENE–WSW direction with a dip angle of 9.2°. The
σ
1
directions of the two areas are slightly different, but both approximately along an E–W direction. The comprehensive results of this study show that the Qianguo swarm is likely caused by the movement of a buried fault in the NNW direction oblique to the Changling–Dashanzi fault, whereas the Fuyu–Zhaodong fault in the NE direction is responsible for the Ningjiang swarm. Both the Qianguo and Ningjiang swarms are probably closely related to the thrusting effect of the subduction of the Pacific Plate into the Northeast Asian continental margin and the complex geological conditions in the Songyuan area.
A number of medicinal herbs have demonstrated therapeutic effects for the prevention and treatment of disuse-induced osteoporosis. As a common ingredient in proprietary traditional Chinese medicines, ...the anti-osteoporosis effects of
extract (RSE, 50 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in a hindlimb suspended rat model. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the micro-architecture observed by MicroCT assay with bone biomechanical properties evaluated by a three-point bending test. To elucidate potential mechanisms, the osteogenic differentiation effect of baicalin as the most abundant ingredient in RSE was investigated in rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC). After drug administration for 42 days, tibia-BMD was significantly increased to 0.176 ± 0.007 and 0.183 ± 0.011 g/cm² and f-BMD was enhanced to 0.200 ± 0.017 and 0.207 ± 0.021 g/cm² for RSE and ALE treatment, respectively, whereas tibia-BMD and femur-BMD of the HLS group were 0.157 ± 0.009 and 0.176 ± 0.008 g/cm². Deterioration of bone trabecula microstructure was improved by RSE and ALE with increased morphological parameters such as bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as connectivity density compared to the HLS group (
< 0.01). A three-point bending test suggested that bone mechanical strength was also enhanced by RSE and ALE treatments with increased maximum stress, young's modulus, maximum load, and stiffness compared to those of the HLS group (
< 0.05). Besides, serum TRACP levels were significantly suppressed by RSE and ALE treatments. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that baicalin significantly increased ALP activities and the formation of mineralized nodules in rBMSC. Conclusively, supplementation of RSE could significantly prevent weightlessness induced osteoporosis, which might attribute to the osteogenic differentiation enhancement effect of baicalin.
Continuous variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) removes all known or unknown side-channel attacks on detectors. However, it is difficult to fully implement ...assumptions in the security demonstration model, which leads to potential security vulnerabilities inevitably existing in the practical system. In this paper, we explore the impact of imbalanced modulation at transmitters on the security of the CV-MDI-QKD system mainly using a coherent state and squeezed state under symmetric and asymmetric distances. Assuming two different modulation topologies of senders, we propose a generalized theoretical scheme and evaluate the key parameter achievable of the protocol with the mechanism of imbalanced modulation. The presented results show that imbalanced modulation can achieve a relatively nonlinearly higher secret key rate and transmission distances than the previous protocol which is the balanced modulation variance used by transmitters. The advantage of imbalanced modulation is demonstrated for the system key parameter estimation using numerical simulation under different situations. In addition, the consequences indicate the importance of imbalanced modulation on the performance of CV-MDI-QKD protocol and provide a theoretical framework for experimental implementation as well as the optimal modulated mode.
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