We comprehensively analyzed clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic data of a cohort of 465 primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). PIK3CA mutations and copy-number gains of chromosome 22q11 were ...more frequent in our Chinese cohort than in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We classified TNBCs into four transcriptome-based subtypes: (1) luminal androgen receptor (LAR), (2) immunomodulatory, (3) basal-like immune-suppressed, and (4) mesenchymal-like. Putative therapeutic targets or biomarkers were identified among each subtype. Importantly, the LAR subtype showed more ERBB2 somatic mutations, infrequent mutational signature 3 and frequent CDKN2A loss. The comprehensive profile of TNBCs provided here will serve as a reference to further advance the understanding and precision treatment of TNBC.
Display omitted
•We build the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of 465 primary TNBCs•Chinese TNBC cases demonstrate more PIK3CA mutations and LAR subtype•Transcriptomic data classify TNBCs into four subtypes•Multi-omics profiling identifies potential targets within specific TNBC subtypes
Jiang et al. characterize primary Chinese triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and classify it into four subtypes. They find that these TNBCs have more frequent PIK3CA mutations and chromosome 22q11 copy-number gains than non-Asian TNBCs and that the LAR subtype has more ERBB2 somatic mutations and CDKN2A loss.
•A 2D sample entropy method is proposed for 2D time series feature extraction.•The definition of distance d and tolerance r in the method are studied.•The method is utilized for magnetically ...suspended rotor axis orbit feature analysis and fault diagnosis.•The present study is designed to expound the effect of rotor fault diagnosis using 1D, VMD and 2D sample entropy.
Traditional sample entropy algorithms are limited in their inability to analyze two-dimensional (2D) time series. Here, we describe a new feature algorithm for 2D time-series complexity and signal classification. This is a 2D sample entropy algorithm that includes the definitions of distance d and tolerance r in the 2D sample entropy algorithm on 2D signal scale and the difference between 2D and 1D sample entropies. The effectiveness of this algorithm in characterizing 2D signals was verified through simulated signal analysis. Then, by combining the 2D sample entropy algorithm with ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, we proposed a magnetically suspended rotor axis orbit feature identification and fault diagnosis method based on 2D sample entropy. This method was used to first perform EEMD of the 2D signals of a magnetically suspended rotor axis orbit to obtain several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). We then calculated the 2D sample entropies of each IMF, and finally input the two-dimensional sample entropy as 2D feature vectors separately into the SVM, neural network, and logistic regression to identify the features of a rotor axis orbit. Finally, we compared the 1D sample entropy and variational mode decomposition (VMD) sample entropy. A comparison of experimental results showed that the 2D sample entropy algorithm can be used to characterize 2D signals, identify the features of the rotor axis orbit based on typical 2D signals, and identify and classify the rotor axis orbits under different fault conditions. The performance of this algorithm in feature identification is remarkably superior to that of 1D and VMD sample entropy algorithms. The availability of online diagnosis of this method was verified via speed testing.
Down-polyethylene film material has been introduced for the first time as an excellent non-frame sound absorber, showing a distinctively outstanding performance. It contains down fiber adjacent to ...each other without firm connection in between, forming a structure of elastic fiber network. The unique structure has broadband response to sound wave, showing non-synchronous vibration in low and middle frequency and synchronous vibration in middle and high frequency. The broadband resonance in middle and high frequency allows the structure to achieve complete sound absorption in resonance frequency band. Moreover, down-polyethylene film material possesses forced vibration, corresponding sound absorption coefficient has been obtained based on vibration theory. The down-film sound absorption material has the characteristics of light weight, soft, environment-friendly, and has excellent broadband sound absorption performance.
Despite many years of improvements to it, TCP still suffers from an unsatisfactory performance. For services dominated by short flows (e.g., web search and e-commerce), TCP suffers from the flow ...startup problem and cannot fully utilize the available bandwidth in the modern Internet: TCP starts from a conservative and static initial window ( IW , 2-4 or 10), while most of the web flows are too short to converge to the best sending rate before the session ends. For services dominated by long flows (e.g., video streaming and file downloading), the congestion control ( CC ) scheme manually and statically configured might not offer the best performance for the latest network conditions. To address these two challenges, we propose TCP-RL , which uses reinforcement learning ( RL ) techniques to dynamically configure IW and CC in order to improve the performance of TCP flow transmission. Basing on the latest network conditions observed at the server side of a web service, TCP-RL dynamically configures a suitable IW for short flows through group-based RL , and dynamically configures a suitable CC scheme for long flows through deep RL . Our extensive experiments show that for short flows, TCP-RL can reduce the average transmission time by about 23%; and for long flows, compared with the performance of 14 CC schemes, TCP-RL 's performance ranks top 5 for about 85% of the 288 given static network conditions, whereas for about 90% of conditions, its performance drops by less than 12% compared with that of the best-performing CC schemes for the same network conditions.
Adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma are the pre-invasive forms of lung adenocarcinoma. The genomic and immune profiles of these lesions are poorly understood. Here we report ...exome and transcriptome sequencing of 98 lung adenocarcinoma precursor lesions and 99 invasive adenocarcinomas. We have identified EGFR, RBM10, BRAF, ERBB2, TP53, KRAS, MAP2K1 and MET as significantly mutated genes in the pre/minimally invasive group. Classes of genome alterations that increase in frequency during the progression to malignancy are revealed. These include mutations in TP53, arm-level copy number alterations, and HLA loss of heterozygosity. Immune infiltration is correlated with copy number alterations of chromosome arm 6p, suggesting a link between arm-level events and the tumor immune environment.
Graphene is a promising material as a lubricant additive for reducing friction and wear. Here, a dispersing method which combines chemical modification of graphene by octadecylamine and ...dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with a kind of effective dispersant has been successfully developed to achieve the remarkable dispersion stability of graphene in base oil. The stable dispersion time of modified graphene (0.5 wt%) with dispersant (1 wt%) in PAO-6 could be up to about 120 days, which was the longest time reported so far. At the same time, the lubricant exhibits a significant improvement of tribological performance for a steel ball to plate tribo-system with a normal load of 2 N. The coefficient of friction between sliding surfaces was ~0.10 and the depth of wear track on plate was ~21 nm, which decreased by about 44% and 90% when compared to pure PAO-6, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the lubricating mechanisms in regard to the sliding-induced formation of nanostructured tribo-film has been contacted by using Raman spectra and TEM.
The endocrine system dynamically controls tissue differentiation and homeostasis, but has not been studied using dynamic tissue culture paradigms. Here we show that a microfluidic system supports ...murine ovarian follicles to produce the human 28-day menstrual cycle hormone profile, which controls human female reproductive tract and peripheral tissue dynamics in single, dual and multiple unit microfluidic platforms (Solo-MFP, Duet-MFP and Quintet-MPF, respectively). These systems simulate the in vivo female reproductive tract and the endocrine loops between organ modules for the ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and liver, with a sustained circulating flow between all tissues. The reproductive tract tissues and peripheral organs integrated into a microfluidic platform, termed EVATAR, represents a powerful new in vitro tool that allows organ-organ integration of hormonal signalling as a phenocopy of menstrual cycle and pregnancy-like endocrine loops and has great potential to be used in drug discovery and toxicology studies.
Polyethylene (PE) is widely used in pipeline transportation owing to its excellent corrosion resistance, good stability, and ease of processing. As organic polymer materials, PE pipes inevitably ...undergo different degrees of aging during long-term use. In this study, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to study the spectral characteristics of PE pipes with different degrees of photothermal aging, and the variation in the absorption coefficient with aging time was obtained. The absorption coefficient spectrum was extracted using uninformative variable elimination (UVE), successive projections algorithm (SPA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and random frog RF spectral screening algorithms, and the spectral slope characteristics of the aging-sensitive band were selected as the evaluation indices of the degree of PE aging. Based on this, a partial least squares aging characterization model was established to predict white PE80, white PE100 and black PE100 pipes with different aging degrees. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the absorption coefficient spectral slope feature prediction model for the aging degree of different types of pipes was greater than 93.16% and the verification set error was within 13.5 h.
Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most commonly used anticancer medications, has been reported to affect fertility by damaging ovarian follicles; however, the dose-dependent toxicity of DOX on the ...dynamic follicle development and oocyte maturation has not been well-defined. Our objective is to determine the effects of human-relevant exposure levels of DOX on follicular functions across developmental time. In vitro cultured multilayered secondary mouse follicles were treated with DOX at 0, 2, 20, 100, and 200 nM for 24 h, and follicle development, hormone secretion, and oocyte maturation were analyzed. DOX caused dose-dependent toxicity on follicle growth, survival, and secretion of 17β-estradiol (E2). At 200 nM, DOX induced DNA damage and apoptosis in follicle somatic cells first and then in oocytes, which was correlated with the uptake of DOX first to the somatic cells followed by germ cells. Follicles treated with DOX at 0, 2, and 20 nM showed similar oocyte metaphase II (MII) percentages after in vitro oocyte maturation; however, 20 nM DOX significantly increased the number of MII oocytes with abnormal spindle morphology and chromosome misalignment. In an effort to harmonize the in vitro study to in vivo treatment, dose-dependent toxicity on oocyte meiotic maturation was found in 16-day-old CD-1 mice treated with DOX at 0, 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg, consistent with the in vitro oocyte maturation outcomes. Our study demonstrates that DOX has dose-dependent toxicity on ovarian follicle development, hormone secretion, and oocyte maturation, which are three key factors to support the female reproductive and endocrine functions.
For improving wear resistance of PTFE-based material and performances of ultrasonic motors, 1-Dimple and 3-Dimple textures were fabricated on stator surface based on observations of transfer ...material. The worn surface and wear debris were observed to investigate the effect of textures on wear behavior. Meanwhile, performances of the motor were tested. The wear rate of PTFE material sliding against 3-Dimple stator decreased by 52.5%, the average speed of the motor was improved by 20.6%, and the maximum efficiency of 3-Dimple stator reached 32.7%. The beneficial effect of dimples was to make the contact surface discontinuous, thereby reducing the adhesion force between stator and PTFE material, which prevented severe adhesive wear of PTFE-based material and improved the motor performances.
•Adhesive wear of PTFE-based material was reduced significantly by the texture.•The maximum efficiency of 3-Dimple stator reached to 32.7% after running for 100 h.•Wear debris of PTFE material slid against textured stator changed to small particles.•The wear rate of PTFE material slid against 3-Dimple stator was reduced 52.5%.
PDF
