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•The tartary buckwheat roots polysaccharide (TBRP) may play a hypoglycemic role.•TBRP could elevate the expression of IRS1 by suppressing SOCS3 expression to enhance the insulin ...sensibility.•SOCS3 is considered as a potential target for the treatment of T2DM.
Tartary buckwheat is an alternative cereal crop. This study sought to establish the mechanisms whereby tartary buckwheat root polysaccharide (TBRP-1) treatment can alleviate diabetes mellitus. TBRP-1 was extracted and purified by hot water and gel permeation column chromatography. Its structure was determined by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), monosaccharide analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. TBRP-1 was composed of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. The molecular weight was 2.731 × 104 Da. In addition, for in vitro, HepG2 cells were treated with high insulin concentrations to establish a model of insulin resistance. For in vivo modeling, diabetic mice were established by injecting with streptozotocin (STZ). Body weight, blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and changes in hepatic lipids were analyzed. The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) was assessed via qPCR and western blotting. TBRP-1 treatment was sufficient to enhance the ability of insulin resistant HepG2 cells to take up glucose. TBRP-1 also lowered levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, and hepatic lipids in diabetic mice. The underlying molecular mechanisms suggested that TBRP-1 was able to suppress SOCS3 expression to thereby enhance IRS1 expression, thus alleviating insulin resistance.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects approximately 10% of adults worldwide. CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 ...signaling. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021. Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310, 150 mg CM310, or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) score from baseline at week 16. Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.
At week 16, the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups (70% 28/40 for high-dose and 65% 26/40 for low-dose) than that in the placebo group (20%8/40). The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50% (high vs . placebo, 95% CI 31%-69%) and 45% (low vs . placebo, 95% CI 26%-64%), with both P values <0.0001. CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score, Investigator's Global Assessment score, daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, AD-affected body surface area, and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo. CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, total immunoglobulin E, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood eosinophils. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar among all three groups, with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection, atopic dermatitis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310.
CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
Standardization of D‐dimer reporting in the COVID‐19 era Zhang, Litao; Zhang, Zhenlu
Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis,
August 2022, 2022-Aug, 2022-08-00, 20220801, 2022-08-01, Letnik:
6, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
...another large multicenter clinical trial (ATTACC, ACTIV-4a, and REMAP-CAP) performed at 121 sites in nine countries to evaluate anticoagulation with heparin in patients with COVID-19 also elected ...to use the DDR instead of absolute D-dimer values to stratify the patients in the study cohorts. 5,6 Second, confusion exists between the fibrinogen equivalent unit (FEU) and D-dimer unit (DDU), which the manufacturers use to report D-dimer levels based on the molecular weight of fibrinogen and D-dimer, respectively. 7,8 The following points further expand on the difference and difficulties pertaining to FEU and DDU. Lippi et al. 12 proposed that international standardization societies such as the ISTH or the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine should take the lead in pursuing the challenging undertaking of standardization of the D-dimer results reporting. 12 The authors are of the opinion that consistent reporting of D-dimer tests in FEU will be welcomed by clinicians, research units, standardization societies, and medical educators. ...it might be the right time to act to improve the standardization of D-dimer reporting and help laboratories and clinicians better use the D-dimer tests.
In this paper, we provide the connectedness of the sets of weak efficient solutions, Henig efficient solutions and Benson proper efficient solutions for set-valued vector equilibrium problems under ...improvement sets.
The aim of this study was to understand the enhancement mechanism of H sub(2) photoproduction in Chlorella protothecoides under simultaneous nitrogen limitation and sulfur deprivation (LNS). Nitrogen ...limitation (LN) rather than sulfur deprivation significantly inhibited relative variable fluorescence at K-step (W sub(K)) and J-step (V sub(J)), photochemical efficiency of PSII (photosystem II), F sub(v)/F sub(m), during the process of incubation in the light. Under such conditions, photosynthetic O sub(2) evolution decreased and the anaerobiosis was established after 12 h of incubation. The algae generated large amounts of H sub(2) under nitrogen limitation but generated only trace amounts under sulfur deprivation. Obviously, nitrogen limitation rather than sulfur deprivation was the decisive factor that induced H sub(2) photoproduction in C. protothecoides under LNS. The LNS culture generated much more H sub(2) than the LN culture in the presence of DCMU during incubation, suggesting that a PSII-independent electron source contributed many more electrons for transfer to hydrogenase in the LNS culture. PSII electron transport includes linear electron flow (LEF) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) of PSII in C. protothecoides. In the PSII-dependent electron source for H sub(2) photoproduction, PSII supplies electrons to hydrogenase through the LEF. The LNS culture showed much higher LEF and lower CEF than the LN culture during the H sub(2) photoproduction phase, as indicated by the large lower quantum yield of PSII electron transport ( Phi sub(PSII)) in the LNS culture in the presence of DCMU. Therefore, compared with nitrogen limitation, simultaneous nitrogen limitation and sulfur deprivation enhanced H sub(2) photoproduction in C. protothecoides mainly due to enhanced PSII-dependent and -independent electron sources.
Because of the crucial role of epidermal permeability barrier in regulation of cutaneous and extracutaneous functions, great efforts have been made to identify and develop the regimens that can ...improve epidermal permeability barrier function. Studies have demonstrated that oral administration of natural ingredients can improve epidermal permeability barrier in various skin conditions, including inflammatory dermatoses and UV-irradiation. Moreover, topical applications of some natural ingredients can also accelerate the repair of epidermal permeability barrier after acute barrier disruption and lower transepidermal water loss in the intact skin. Natural ingredient-induced improvements in epidermal permeability barrier function can be attributable to upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation, lipid production, antioxidant, hyaluronic acid production, expression of aquaporin 3 and sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. In this review, we summarize the benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier in normal skin with or without acute barrier disruption and the underlying mechanisms.
Most studies on
Haematococcus pluvialis
have been focused on cell growth and astaxanthin accumulation; far less attention has been paid to cell cycles and proliferation patterns. The purpose of this ...study was to clarify cell cycles and proliferation patterns in
H. pluvialis
microscopically using a camera and video recorder system. The complicated life history of
H. pluvialis
can be divided into two stages: the motile stage and the non-motile stage. All the cells can be classified into forms as follows: motile cell, nonmotile cell, zoospore and aplanospore. The main cell proliferation, both in the motile phase and non-motile phase in H. pluvialis, is by asexual reproduction. Under normal growth conditions, a motile cell usually produces two, sometimes four, and exceptionally eight zoospores. Under unfavorable conditions, the motile cell loses its flagella and transforms into a non-motile cell, and the non-motile cell usually produces 2, 4 or 8 aplanospores, and occasionally 20–32 aplanospores, which further develop into non-motile cells. Under suitable conditions, the non-motile cell is also able to release zoospores. The larger non-motile cells produce more than 16 zoospores, and the smaller ones produce 4 or 8 zoospores. Vegetative reproduction is by direct cell division in the motile phase and by occasional cell budding in the non-motile phase. There is, as yet, no convincing direct evidence for sexual reproduction.
Objective
Myocardial infarction is a severe disease with high in-hospital mortality without aggressive clinical treatment. The study aims to evaluate prognostic worth of D-dimer-to-fibrinogen (FIB) ...ratio (DFR) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods
133 patients (65 (37, 93) years old) from our hospital (China) with AMI were enlisted from January 2017 to December 2019. Patients were assigned into the survivor and nonsurvivor group based on in-hospital outcomes. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and multivariate analysis were fulfilled to analyze the prognostic value of DFR.
Results
The degree of DFR in the nonsurvivor group was significantly higher than that in the survivor group (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis presented that DFR (hazard ratio (HR), 2.207; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.050–4.640; p = 0.037) was independently related with in-hospital death. ROC demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) of DFR was = 0.808 (0.725–0.892) (sensitivity, 85.3%; specificity, 69.7%).
Conclusion
DFR might be a new independent predictor of in-hospital death for AMI patients. Further studies are needed to validate this preliminary finding.
The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and 820 nm transmission were investigated to explore the behavior of the photosynthetic apparatus, including light ...absorption, energy transformation and the photoactivities of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) during senescence in the stay-green inbred line of maize (Zea mays) Q319 and the quick-leaf-senescence inbred line of maize HZ4. The relationship between the photosynthetic performance and the decrease in chlorophyll content in the two inbred lines was also studied. Both the field and laboratory data indicated that the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and the photoactivities of PSII and PSI decreased later and slower in Q319 than in HZ4, indicating that Q319 is a functional stay-green inbred line. In order to avoid the influence of different development stages and environmental factors on senescence, age-matched detached leaf segments from the two inbred lines were treated with ethephon under controlled conditions to induce senescence. The net photosynthetic rate, light absorption, energy transformation, the activities of PSII acceptor side and donor side and the PSI activities decreased much slower in Q319 than in HZ4 during the ethephon-induced senescence. These results suggest that the retention of light absorption, energy transformation and activity of electron transfer contribute to the extended duration of active photosynthesis in Q319. Although the chlorophyll content decreased faster in HZ4, with decrease of chlorophyll content induced by ethephon, photosynthetic performance of Q319 deteriorated much more severely than that of HZ4, indicating that, compared with Q319, HZ4 has an advantage at maintaining higher photosynthetic activity with decrease of chlorophyll although HZ4 is a quick-leaf-senescence inbred line. We conclude that attention should be paid to two favorable characteristics in breeding long duration of active photosynthesis hybrids: 1) maintaining more chlorophyll content during senescence and 2) maintaining higher photosynthetic activity during the loss of chlorophyll.
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