Increasing evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in various biological processes. However, little is known about the effects of lncRNAs on autophagy. Here we report ...that a lncRNA, termed cardiac autophagy inhibitory factor (CAIF), suppresses cardiac autophagy and attenuates myocardial infarction by targeting p53-mediated myocardin transcription. Myocardin expression is upregulated upon H
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and ischemia/reperfusion, and knockdown of myocardin inhibits autophagy and attenuates myocardial infarction. p53 regulates cardiomyocytes autophagy and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating myocardin expression. CAIF directly binds to p53 protein and blocks p53-mediated myocardin transcription, which results in the decrease of myocardin expression. Collectively, our data reveal a novel CAIF-p53-myocardin axis as a critical regulator in cardiomyocyte autophagy, which will be potential therapeutic targets in treatment of defective autophagy-associated cardiovascular diseases.
Dysregulated autophagy is associated with many pathological disorders such as cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence has suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important roles in some ...biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether circRNAs participate in the regulation of autophagy. Here we report that a circRNA, termed autophagy-related circular RNA (ACR), represses autophagy and myocardial infarction by targeting Pink1-mediated phosphorylation of FAM65B. ACR attenuates autophagy and cell death in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ACR protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and reduces myocardial infarct sizes. We identify Pink1 as an ACR target to mediate the function of ACR in cardiomyocyte autophagy. ACR activates Pink1 expression through directly binding to Dnmt3B and blocking Dnmt3B-mediated DNA methylation of Pink1 promoter. Pink1 suppresses autophagy and Pink1 transgenic mice show reduced myocardial infarction sizes. Further, we find that FAM65B is a downstream target of Pink1 and Pink1 phosphorylates FAM65B at serine 46. Phosphorylated FAM65B inhibits autophagy and cell death in the heart. Our findings reveal a novel role for the circRNA in regulating autophagy and ACR-Pink1-FAM65B axis as a regulator of autophagy in the heart will be potential therapeutic targets in treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Model biases are substantial in ocean and coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulations in the tropical Pacific Ocean, including a too cold tongue and too diffuse thermocline. These biases can be partly ...attributed to vertical mixing parameterizations in which the background diffusivity depiction has great uncertainties. Here based on the fine‐scale parameterization, the Argo data are used to derive the spatially varying background diffusivity, with a magnitude of O(10−6 m2 s−1) in the most area of tropical Pacific. This new scheme is then employed into the version 5.1 of the Modular Ocean Model‐based ocean‐only and coupled models, resulting in substantial improvements in ocean simulations, including a more realistic cold tongue and equatorial thermocline. The improved simulations can be attributed to the reduced cooling effects induced by weakened equatorial upwelling. Additionally, the subsurface cooling effect is attributed to the reduced heat transfer from the upper layer to the subsurface layer and the convergence of the colder water from off the equator.
Key Points
Overestimated diapycnal mixing in OGCMs is partly responsible for model biases in the tropical Pacific
Cold tongue and equatorial thermocline biases are reduced by ~25% by employing the Argo‐derived, spatially varying background diffusivity
The improved simulations can be attributed to the regulation of the currents system, including an intensified subtropical cell and a weakened equatorial upwelling
Stimulated by the renewed observation of Ds0⁎(2317) signal and its updated mass value 2318.3±1.2±1.2MeV/c2 in the process e+e−→Ds⁎+Ds0⁎(2317)−+c.c. by BESIII Collaboration, we devote to reinvestigate ...Ds0⁎(2317) as a 0+ tetraquark state from QCD sum rules. Technically, four different possible currents are adopted and high condensates up to dimension 12 are included in the operator product expansion (OPE) to ensure the quality of QCD sum rule analysis. In the end, we obtain the mass value 2.37−0.36+0.50GeV with the factorization parameter ρ=1 (or 2.23−0.24+0.78GeV with ρ=3) for the scalar–scalar current, which agrees well with the experimental data of Ds0⁎(2317) and could support its explanation as a 0+ scalar–scalar tetraquark state. The final result for the axial–axial configuration is calculated to be 2.51−0.43+0.61GeV with ρ=1 (or 2.52+0.76−0.52GeV with ρ=3), which is still consistent with the mass of Ds0⁎(2317) considering the uncertainty, and then the possibility of Ds0⁎(2317) as a axial–axial tetraquark state can not be excluded. For the pseudoscalar–pseudoscalar and the vector–vector cases, their unsatisfactory OPE convergence makes that it is of difficulty to find rational work windows to further acquire hadronic masses.
Severe COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is frequently accompanied by dysfunction of the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. However, the organotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and the port of virus entry for ...systemic dissemination remain largely unknown. We profiled 26 COVID-19 autopsy cases from four cohorts in Wuhan, China, and determined the systemic distribution of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the lungs and multiple extrapulmonary organs of critically ill COVID-19 patients up to 67 days after symptom onset. Based on organotropism and pathological features of the patients, COVID-19 was divided into viral intrapulmonary and systemic subtypes. In patients with systemic viral distribution, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in monocytes, macrophages, and vascular endothelia at blood-air barrier, blood-testis barrier, and filtration barrier. Critically ill patients with long disease duration showed decreased pulmonary cell proliferation, reduced viral RNA, and marked fibrosis in the lungs. Permanent SARS-CoV-2 presence and tissue injuries in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs suggest direct viral invasion as a mechanism of pathogenicity in critically ill patients. SARS-CoV-2 may hijack monocytes, macrophages, and vascular endothelia at physiological barriers as the ports of entry for systemic dissemination. Our study thus delineates systemic pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which sheds light on the development of novel COVID-19 treatment.
Absolute pose regression (APR) for camera localization is a single-shot approach that encodes the information of a 3D scene in an end-to-end neural network. The camera pose result of APR methods can ...be observed as the linear combination of the base poses. Previous APR methods’ base poses are learned from training data. However, the training data can limit the performance of the methods, which cannot be generalized to cover the entire scene. To solve this issue, we use handcrafted base poses instead of learning-based base poses, which prevents overfitting the camera poses of the training data. Moreover, we use a dual-stream network architecture to process color and depth images separately to get more accurate localization. On the 7 Scenes dataset, the proposed method is among the best in median rotation error, and in median translation error, it outperforms previous APR methods. On a more difficult dataset—Oxford RobotCar dataset, the proposed method achieves notable improvements in median translation and rotation errors compared to the state-of-the-art APR methods.
The role of serotonin (5-HT) in sleep is controversial: early studies suggested a sleep-promoting role, but eventually the paradigm shifted toward a wake-promoting function for the serotonergic ...raphe. Here, we provide evidence from zebrafish and mice that the raphe are critical for the initiation and maintenance of sleep. In zebrafish, genetic ablation of 5-HT production by the raphe reduces sleep, sleep depth, and the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. Pharmacological inhibition or ablation of the raphe reduces sleep, while optogenetic stimulation increases sleep. Similarly, in mice, ablation of the raphe increases wakefulness and impairs the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation, whereas tonic optogenetic stimulation at a rate similar to baseline activity induces sleep. Interestingly, burst optogenetic stimulation induces wakefulness in accordance with previously described burst activity of the raphe during arousing stimuli. These results indicate that the serotonergic system promotes sleep in both diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal rodents.
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•The serotonergic system (STS) promotes sleep in zebrafish and mice•STS disruption reduces both sleep and the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation•Tonic stimulation of the STS induces sleep, but burst stimulation induces wake•We propose that baseline tonic STS activity during wake generates sleep pressure
The wake-active serotonergic system (STS) has been considered part of the ascending arousal system that promotes wakefulness. Using zebrafish and mice, Oikonomou, Altermatt et al. demonstrate that the STS promotes sleep, potentially by generating homeostatic sleep pressure during wakefulness.
The emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance to conventionally used antibiotics have highlighted the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents that might replace antibiotics. Currently, ...nanomaterials hold considerable promise as antimicrobial agents in anti‐inflammatory therapy. Due to their distinctive functional physicochemical characteristics and exceptional biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs)‐based composites have attracted a lot of attention in the context of these antimicrobial nanomaterials. Here, a thorough assessment of current developments in the field of antimicrobial CDs‐based composites is provided, starting with a brief explanation of the general synthesis procedures, categorization, and physicochemical characteristics of CDs‐based composites. The many processes driving the antibacterial action of these composites are then thoroughly described, including physical destruction, oxidative stress, and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents. Finally, the obstacles that CDs‐based composites now suffer in combating infectious diseases are outlined and investigated, along with the potential applications of antimicrobial CDs‐based composites.
Carbon dots (CDs)‐based composites integrate the outstanding properties of functional modules and CDs, exhibiting remarkable optical, enzyme‐like activity, and biocompatible properties, emerging as a promising application tool in the field of bacteriostatic therapy.
Energy‐storage technology is moving beyond lithium batteries to sodium as a result of its high abundance and low cost. However, this sensible transition requires the discovery of high‐rate and ...long‐lifespan anode materials, which remains a significant challenge. Here, the facile synthesis of an amorphous Sn2P2O7/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its sodium storage performance between 0.01 and 3.0 V are reported for the first time. This hybrid electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 480 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and superior rate performance of 250 and 165 mA h g−1 at 2 and 10 A g−1, respectively. Strikingly, this anode can sustain 15 000 cycles while retaining over 70% of the initial capacity. Quantitative kinetic analysis reveals that the sodium storage is governed by pseudocapacitance, particularly at high current rates. A full cell with sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON)‐structured Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and Na3V2(PO4)3 as cathodes exhibits a high energy density of over 140 W h kg−1 and a power density of nearly 9000 W kg−1 as well as stability over 1000 cycles. This exceptional performance suggests that the present system is a promising power source for promoting the substantial use of low‐cost energy storage systems.
The illustration of amorphous tin‐based composite oxide (ATCO) as a high‐performance anode for a sodium ion battery is shown with a high rate of performance of 180 mA h g−1 at current of 2 A g−1 for 15 000 cycles. Quantitative kinetic analysis reveals that the sodium storage is governed by pseudocapacitance, particularly at high current rates.
SUMMARY
Cryptotaenia japonica, a traditional medicinal and edible vegetable crops, is well‐known for its attractive flavors and health care functions. As a member of the Apiaceae family, the ...evolutionary trajectory and biological properties of C. japonica are not clearly understood. Here, we first reported a high‐quality genome of C. japonica with a total length of 427 Mb and N50 length 50.76 Mb, was anchored into 10 chromosomes, which confirmed by chromosome (cytogenetic) analysis. Comparative genomic analysis revealed C. japonica exhibited low genetic redundancy, contained a higher percentage of single‐cope gene families. The homoeologous blocks, Ks, and collinearity were analyzed among Apiaceae species contributed to the evidence that C. japonica lacked recent species‐specific WGD. Through comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of Apiaceae species, we revealed the genetic basis of the production of anthocyanins. Several structural genes encoding enzymes and transcription factor genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in different species were also identified. The CjANSa, CjDFRb, and CjF3H gene might be the target of Cjaponica_2.2062 (bHLH) and Cjaponica_1.3743 (MYB). Our findings provided a high‐quality reference genome of C. japonica and offered new insights into Apiaceae evolution and biology.
Significance Statement
Our results indicated how the genome of C. japonica provided a useful model for studying evolutionary trajectory and biological properties in Apiaceae species. Our findings are helpful for enriching genome research of Apiaceae family.
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