Brand awareness plays an important role in most aspects of marketing. However, consumers’ cognitive process of brand awareness, which plays an important role in purchase decision or product usage ...experiences, is still unclear in the brain. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), the influences of two different brand awareness on consumers’ cognitive process was investigated. Phone pictures with high or low brand awareness and girl pictures were used to carry out this experiment research. An amended oddball task was designed in which girl photos were taken as target stimuli, and phone pictures were taken as non-target stimuli. Subjects were asked to identify the girl pictures. Smaller ERPs components N2 and P3 along with high brand awareness phone pictures were found compared to the low brand awareness ones. The amplitude variation in N2 and P3 indicated that the cognitive process of identification and attention distribution were changed along with the magnitude of brand awareness, which meant consumer could allocate different attention resources to distinguish high or low brand awareness product unconsciously. This may indicate the identification and attention distribution caused by brand awareness can be detected by N2 and P3, and event-related potentials methodology may be a sensitive measurement technique for brand awareness.
Hierarchical engineering of suitable dielectric‐magnetic multicomponents shows good performance for microwave absorbers, but still face bottlenecks. Herein, hierarchical double‐shelled nanotubes ...(DSNTs), in which the inner magnetic tubular subunits are assembled by magnetic‐heteroatomic components through cation‐exchange reactions, and the outer dielectric MnO2 nanosheets strengthen the synergistic interactions between confined heterogeneous interfaces are ingeniously designed and constructed. Hetero‐interfaces induced polarization is proposed to investigate the interfacial relaxation mechanism, and magnetic loss, closely related to the micrometer‐scale magnetic units, is mainly clarified by the magnetic interaction composed of magnetic coupling and magnetic diffraction; both of them are clearly confirmed by Lorentz off‐axis electron holography. The obtained hierarchical DSNTs demonstrate efficient microwave absorption with an optimal reflection loss of −54.7 dB and qualified absorption bandwidth of 9.5 GHz owing to desirable heterogeneous interfaces, multiple magnetic heteroatomic components and hollow hierarchical microstructures. This strategy inspires a generalized methodology for the engineering of hollow hierarchical configurations with multishells, the combination of proposed hetero‐interfaces induced polarization and microscale magnetic interaction broadens the dielectric‐magnetic synergistic mechanism of the topography–performance relationship for microwave absorption materials.
In this work, the authors propose an ion exchange‐pyrolysis‐hydrothermal strategy to construct hierarchical double‐shelled nanotubes, in which inner magnetic tubular subunits are assembled by magnetic‐heteroatomic components and outer dielectric MnO2 nanosheets are randomly packed on the surface.
Collecting and analyzing massive data generated from smart devices have become increasingly pervasive in crowdsensing, which are the building blocks for data-driven decision-making. However, ...extensive statistics and analysis of such data will seriously threaten the privacy of participating users. Local differential privacy (LDP) was proposed as an excellent and prevalent privacy model with distributed architecture, which can provide strong privacy guarantees for each user while collecting and analyzing data. LDP ensures that each user's data is locally perturbed first in the client-side and then sent to the server-side, thereby protecting data from privacy leaks on both the client-side and server-side. This survey presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of LDP with respect to privacy models, research tasks, enabling mechanisms, and various applications. Specifically, we first provide a theoretical summarization of LDP, including the LDP model, the variants of LDP, and the basic framework of LDP algorithms. Then, we investigate and compare the diverse LDP mechanisms for various data statistics and analysis tasks from the perspectives of frequency estimation, mean estimation, and machine learning. Furthermore, we also summarize practical LDP-based application scenarios. Finally, we outline several future research directions under LDP.
Bayan Obo tailings (BOTs), fly ash (FAS), and stainless-steel slag (SSS) are industrial wastes that require reasonable, clean, and effective utilization for environment protection. The paper focuses ...on the structure and properties of glass-ceramics that were prepared by melting BOT, FAS, and SSS raw materials. The effect of CaF2 on the viscosity, structure, and performance of CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2 (CAMS) slag glass-ceramics is determined by viscometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and physicochemical properties measurements. The results show that moderate amounts of CaF2 facilitates depolymerization of the silicate networks, which leads to a decrease in the melting temperature, viscosity and viscous activation energy of glass. However, the content of more than 3% CaF2 results in a dramatic decreases in the chemical stability of the glass-ceramics because of the transformations of the main crystalline phase from diopside to anorthite, which is accompanied by fluorite precipitation.
•Glass and glass-ceramics has been obtained by Bayan Obo tailings, fly ash and stainless-steel slag.•Moderate amounts of CaF2 contributed to reduce the degree of polymerization of the silicate networks.•Excess CaF2 content resulted in a dramatic decrease of the chemical stability of the glass ceramics.
Existence of periodic solutions and stability of fractional order dynamic systems are two important and difficult issues in fractional order systems U+0028 FOS U+0029 field. In this paper, the ...relationship between integer order systems U+0028 IOS U+0029 and fractional order systems is discussed. A new proof method based on the above involved relationship for the non existence of periodic solutions of rational fractional order linear time invariant systems is derived. Rational fractional order linear time invariant autonomous system is proved to be equivalent to an integer order linear time invariant non-autonomous system. It is further proved that stability of a fractional order linear time invariant autonomous system is equivalent to the stability of another corresponding integer order linear time invariant autonomous system. The examples and state figures are given to illustrate the effects of conclusion derived.
Abstract
The deep-water high-pile cap foundation is in the water environment for a long time, which is likely to cause corrosion damage to the pile foundation concrete. At present, the damage ...analysis of the upper structure has received more attention and the technology is relatively complete, but the research on the damage identification and analysis of the substructure and foundation Relatively lacking. Due to the loading characteristics of the substructure, its own bearing characteristics and the geological watermark environment, which are quite different from the upper structure, the corresponding damage identification and damage analysis evaluation technology is quite different from that of the upper structure, so special research is needed.
In an attempt to improve the effective utilization of solid waste generated in the steel industry and reduce the production cost of glass ceramics, glass ceramics were prepared from blast furnace ...slag as the main raw material. The effects of SiO2/CaO molar ratio on the viscosity, structure, and properties of the as-prepared CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CMAS) blast furnace slag glass ceramics were investigated by viscometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and physicochemical property measurements. The results showed that with decreasing SiO2/CaO ratio, the viscosity and degree of polymerization of molten glass significantly decreased, and the main crystalline phase transformed from single diopside to a combination of augite and gehlenite phases, which affected the physicochemical properties of the glass ceramics. The glass ceramic sample with a density of 2.78 g/cm3 exhibited the best comprehensive performance: bending strength of 182.86 MPa, microhardness of 7.34 GPa, acid resistance of 95.21%, and alkali resistance of 98.43%. The various characterization results proved that the prepared glass ceramics could be potentially used for several industrial applications.
•Glass-ceramics was prepared from blast furnace slag as main raw material.•The decrease in SiO2/CaO ratio caused significant decrease in the viscosity and extent of polymerization of glass melts.•The main crystalline of glass-ceramics transformed from diopside to the concomitant phases of augite and gehlenite.
Accurate monitoring of air quality is of great importance to our daily life. By predicting the air quality in advance, we can make timely warnings and defenses to minimize the threat to life. With a ...large number of environmental data, the air quality prediction based on deep learning technology is studied in depth. Based on long short-term memory (LSTM), a comprehensive prediction model with multi-output and multi-index of supervised learning (MMSL) was proposed. The particle concentration data (mainly PM2.5, means particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 mm) of the present monitoring station, as well as that of the nearest neighbor stations, the meteorological data, and the gaseous pollutant data in the air (mainly CO, NO2, O3, SO2) of the same period were integrated. All data were converted into the supervised learning format and normalized. The LSTM was used for training to obtain the predicted values of air quality pollution indicators (PM2.5, CO, NO2, O3, SO2). In the present study, the representative stations of the 35 monitoring stations in Beijing were selected, and input the air quality sequences of the representative stations with different data characteristics into the model to obtain the predicted concentration values of the air quality indicators of the representative stations, then calculated the average value as the overall air quality prediction result of Beijing. The air quality time series datasets collected from 35 air quality monitoring stations in Beijing from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017, were used to validate the performance of the model compared with other baseline models and the two most advanced models. Experimental results show that, overall, the performance of the present model is superior to other baseline models.
A flower‐like vanadium sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (VS4/rGO) composite was prepared by a typical hydrothermal method and it was investigated as cathode for aluminum‐ion batteries with ...non‐inflammable and non‐explosive ionic‐liquid electrolytes. The charge/discharge performance measurements were performed in a voltage range of 0.1–2.0 V versus Al/AlCl4−, which gave an initial charge/discharge specific capacity af approximately 491.57 and 406.94 mA h g−1, respectively, at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Additionally, in the cycling performance, the discharge capacity was observed to remain over 80, 70, and 60 mA h g−1 at current densities of 100, 200, and 300 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, respectively. The result of a coulombic efficiency over 90 % after 100 cycles and high retained capacity indicate that the composite is a favorable cathode material for new rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries.
Flower power: A flower‐like vanadium sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (VS4/rGO) composite is prepared by a typical hydrothermal method and investigated as cathode for aluminum‐ion batteries with non‐inflammable and non‐explosive ionic‐liquid electrolytes.
The rise of a flourishing online shopping market has expanded the range of purchase channels available to consumers. Meanwhile, the competition among channels has become increasingly fierce. In this ...study, the changes in cognitive processes caused by price variance among channels were investigated using event-related potentials. Several daily necessities with low or high price variance between a self-operated business channel and third-party seller channels were chosen as the study objects from a well-known electronic business platform. Thirty participants’ electroencephalograms were collected while they faced higher or lower price variance during the experiment. The results showed that small price variances between the two channels tended to intensify component N2, while big price variances tended to diminish component P3. These results suggest that N2 may reflect consumers’ identification process for price variance and inhibition of a planned response, while P3 may reflect the activation of attention caused by task difficulty due to price variance. These findings indicate that the changes in ERP components N2 and P3 may act as cognitive indices that measure customers’ identification and attention distribution when considering product price variances among online purchase channels.
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