The recent success of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the important role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. However, signaling regulated ...by the PD-1/PD-L pathway is also associated with substantial inflammatory effects that can resemble those in autoimmune responses, chronic infection, and sepsis, consistent with the role of this pathway in balancing protective immunity and immunopathology, as well as in homeostasis and tolerance. Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 to treat cancer has shown benefits in many patients, suggesting a promising opportunity to target this pathway in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Here, we systematically evaluate the diverse biological functions of the PD-1/PD-L pathway in immune-mediated diseases and the relevant mechanisms that control these immune reactions.
Green credit policy (GCP) is an important measure to realize green transformation of economy and society. Taking the panel data of 1359 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2019 as samples, ...this paper analyzes the effect and mechanism of green credit policies on corporate financing costs by using difference in difference (DID) method. After the implementation of GCP, the financing cost of enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution increases compared with those with energy conservation and environmental protection. In addition, GCP not only affects the financing cost of corporate debt by changing the financing scale and commercial credit, but also affects the financing cost of corporate equity by changing financial status and information disclosure degree. However, compared with enterprises in medium and low carbon emission regions, GCP has a more significant impact on the financing cost of enterprises in high carbon emission regions.
This paper analyzes an indoor positioning system using white lighting LEDs. The performance of the positioning system is determined by the layout of LEDs, the receiver circuit, incidence angle of ...light, LED light source, and the photodiode. The Cramer-Rao bound as the theoretical accuracy limitation of received signal strength indicator algorithm is derived. The influences to positioning accuracy of multipath reflections and unparallel optical axis of LEDs and receivers are analyzed in certain scenarios. It is concluded that if the diffuse channel gain is measured previously in a certain environment and the modulation speed is far less than the channel cutoff frequency, the theoretical accuracy limit is not affected by multipath link. Multiple noises of system are analyzed in detail. The influence to positioning accuracy of indoor uniform illumination is also discussed. The result proves that the theoretical estimated accuracy of triangular LEDs array is higher than square LEDs array. With typical parameter values, the simulated theoretical accuracy of system is up to the level of centimeter.
•HM-MOFs have unique advantages for enzyme encapsulation.•Design strategies for HM-MOFs are systematically summarizes.•Synthetic strategy and advanced applications for HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes ...are surveyed.•Possible future directions of HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes are discussed.
Hierarchical mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (HM-MOFs) with adjustable mesopores have shown great potential for the encapsulation of enzyme because of their enhanced performance for enzymatic catalysis. The evolution of HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes has resulted in tremendous progress. To date, a considerable number of HM-MOFs featured with intrinsic mesopores or mesoporous defects have been developed for enzyme encapsulation, and significant enhancement has been achieved in terms of catalytic activity, stability, and reusability. This review systematically summarizes the exploitation and strategies to design HM-MOFs. Various strategies for developing enzyme@HM-MOF composites and their advanced applications are also surveyed. Possible future directions in this area are also envisioned and discussed to provide an accessible introduction to HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes for the scientists in this field.
The functions and regulation of Smurfs in cancers Fu, Lin; Cui, Chun-Ping; Zhang, Xueli ...
Seminars in cancer biology,
December 2020, 2020-12-00, 20201201, Letnik:
67, Številka:
Pt 2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) and Smurf2 are HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, and both Smurfs were initially identified to regulate Smad protein stability in the TGF-β/BMP signaling ...pathway. In recent years, Smurfs have exhibited E3 ligase-dependent and -independent activities in various kinds of cells. Smurfs act as either potent tumor promoters or tumor suppressors in different tumors by regulating biological processes, including metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and genomic stability. The regulation of Smurfs activity and expression has therefore emerged as a hot spot in tumor biology research. Further, the Smurf1- or Smurf2-deficient mice provide more in vivo clues for the functional study of Smurfs in tumorigenesis and development. In this review, we summarize these milestone findings and, in turn, reveal new avenues for the prevention and treatment of cancer by regulating Smurfs.
DNA strand displacement reactions (SDRs) provide a set of intelligent toolboxes for developing molecular computation. Whereas SDR-based logic gate circuits have achieved a high level of complexity, ...the scale-up for practical achievable computational tasks remains a hurdle. Switching circuits that were originally proposed by Shannon in 1938 and nowadays widely used in telecommunication represent an alternative and efficient means to realize fast-speed and high-bandwidth communication. Here we develop SDR-based DNA switching circuits (DSCs) for implementing digital computing. Using a routing strategy on a programmable DNA switch canvas, we show that arbitrary Boolean functions can be represented by DSCs and implemented with molecular switches with high computing speed. We further demonstrate the implementation of full-adder and square-rooting functions using DSCs, which only uses down to 1/4 DNA strands as compared with a dual-rail logic expression-based design. We expect that DSCs provide a design paradigm for digital computation with biomolecules.
In China, the improvement of the learner performance is critical a challenge for the teaching staff and the management in intercultural communication class. Indeed, the administration of the Chinese ...schools is failed to provide effective learning to the students with innovative methods. The objective of this study was to identify the role of college students' learning performance, teaching skills, and teaching innovation in intercultural communication class. This study is based on the quantitative data collected on a five-point Likert scale from the target respondents who were the students of different colleges and 700 questionnaires distributed for it. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship among abstract conceptualization, active participation, and reflective observation in students' learning performance. Furthermore, this study highlights that the mediating role of teaching innovation is critical for students' learning performance. This study contributes to the literature with a significant theoretical framework. Finally, this study provides significant theoretical implications and practical implications which are key game-changers for improving the performance of the students in the intercultural communication class.
•circPVT1 is overexpressed in NSCLC.•Knockdown of circPVT1 inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation and induces NSCLC cell apoptosis.•Knockdown of circPVT1 inhibits NSCLC tumor growth.•circPVT1 acts as a ...ceRNA for miR-497 in NSCLC cells.•Inhibition of miR-497 abrogates the effects of circPVT1 knockdown in NSCLC cells.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed non-coding RNAs and play crucial regulatory roles in human cancer biology. The purpose of the present study was to explore the expression pattern and biological role of circular RNA PVT1 (circPVT1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We firstly found that circPVT1 was overexpressed in clinical NSCLC tissues and cell lines. NSCLC patients with high expression of circPVT1 exhibited aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis. In vitro assays of the NSCLC cell lines (H1299 and A549 cells) demonstrated that knockdown of circPVT1 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and induced NSCLC cell apoptosis. We further found that circPVT1 served as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-497 and indirectly regulated Bcl-2 expression in NSCLC cells. Finally, inhibition of miR-497 abrogated the effects of circPVT1 knockdown in NSCLC cells. Taken together, the results from our study indicated circPVT1 acts as an oncogene in NSCLC, and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC patients.
Here, we will introduce the progress of g-C3N4 photocatalysts in hydrogen production from the aspects of changing the ratio of C and N, morphology, element doping and constructing heterostructures. ...Discuss the excellent results of various types of photocatalysts.
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g-C3N4 have been widely used in the fields of photocatalytic hydrogen production, photocatalytic degradation of dyes and oxidative degradation of toxic gases due to their excellent performance. It has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its highly efficient photocatalytic capacity of hydrogen generation, water oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction and degradation of organic pollutants. Because of the abundant carbon and nitrogen composition of the earth, large-scale production and industrial applications of this material are possible. The modification of this material makes its performance more excellent so that this new material can obtain a steady stream of vitality. These outstanding works have become important materials and milestones on the road to mankind’s photocatalytic hydrogen production. This review will begin with the basic idea of designing, synthesizing and improving g-C3N4 based photocatalytic materials, and introduce the latest development of g-C3N4 photocatalysts in hydrogen production from four aspects of controlling the carbon/nitrogen ratio, morphology, element doping and heterojunction structure of g-C3N4 materials.
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