To investigate the seismic cumulative failure effect (SCFE) of a reservoir bank rock slope, the dynamic displacement response of the slope was analysed using shaking table tests. A plastic effect ...coefficient (PEC) is proposed to reflect the plastic deformation degree of the slope under the influence of earthquakes, and its applicability in analysing the SCFEs of slopes is verified by using the Arias intensity (Ia) from the perspective of energy. The effects of the wave frequency components on the SCFE and local failure mechanism of the landslide are discussed based on the frequency-domain analysis. The results shows that the PEC fully considers the plastic deformation characteristics of the slope, and its physical significance is clear; thus, it can reflect the local failure of the slope better than the peak ground displacement (PGD). The analyses of the PEC and Ia show that the seismic cumulative failure process of the slope includes the progressive failure effect stage, initiating effect stage, and accelerated sliding stage. In addition, according to the frequency-domain analysis, the high-frequency components of seismic waves have a great impact on the accumulation process of the local slope deformation, while the low-frequency components have a controlling effect on the overall instability of the slip mass. The seismic instability of rock slopes containing complex geological structures is a progressive and cumulative failure process. Obtaining a better understanding of the SCFEs of slopes can provide a scientific basis for the identification of the seismic damage status and appropriate seismic reinforcement.
•The seismic cumulative failure effect (SCFE) of a rock slope was investigated.•The applicability of the dynamic displacement parameters for analysing the SCFE of the slope was discussed.•The effects of the frequency components of waves on the landslide SCFE were discussed.
Left-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital abnormal cardiac defect. An intact atrial septum is more uncommon. As we know, a connection of the left pulmonary ...vein (LPV) to the coronary sinus (CS) with an intact atrial septum has not been previously reported.
We report an 18-year-old woman with this rare anomaly. She showed no obvious clinical symptoms. An echocardiogram revealed the primary diagnosis, and this diagnosis was confirmed during the operation. This patient underwent a successful surgical repair. Artificial atrial septal defect (ASD) and coronary sinus orifice were inserted into the left atrium by patch. The patient recovered smoothly without complications after the operation.
Given the high risk of developing congestive heart failure, we advocate for intervention at the preschool age. Surgical techniques depend on the number and location of abnormal veins or veins.
Pulmonary endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for neonatal lung angiogenesis and represent a subset of general capillary cells (gCAPs). Molecular mechanisms through which EPCs stimulate ...lung angiogenesis are unknown. Herein, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the BMP9/ACVRL1/SMAD1 pathway signature in pulmonary EPCs. BMP9 receptor, ACVRL1, and its downstream target genes were inhibited in EPCs from Foxf1
mutant mice, a model of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Expression of ACVRL1 and its targets were reduced in lungs of ACDMPV subjects. Inhibition of FOXF1 transcription factor reduced BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling and decreased angiogenesis in vitro. FOXF1 synergized with ETS transcription factor FLI1 to activate ACVRL1 promoter. Nanoparticle-mediated silencing of ACVRL1 in newborn mice decreased neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization. Treatment with BMP9 restored lung angiogenesis and alveolarization in ACVRL1-deficient and Foxf1
mice. Altogether, EPCs promote neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization through FOXF1-mediated activation of BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling.
•Bacterial diversity is higher than that of fungal at different soil thicknesses.•The dominant bacteria increase with the thickness of soil overburden.•A soil overburden thickness of 10 cm is an ...ideal soil reconstruction measure.•Supplementing SOM and N are beneficial to soil microorganism restoration.•Adjusting pH is beneficial to the recovery of fungal diversity.
This study analyzes the changes in soil microbial community diversity after five years of restoration in an alpine mining area using different soil overburden thicknesses, in which MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to analyze soil microbial community diversity and its influential environmental factors. The results showed that vegetation restoration obviously changed the species composition of soil microorganisms at the OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) level under different soil overburden thicknesses, and the OTUs species of soil fungi and bacteria changed significantly in the 15 cm soil overburden thickness. The bacterial diversity index was higher than that of fungal microorganisms in all three soil overburden thicknesses, and the microbial diversity index without soil overburden thickness was significantly higher than that in the soil overburden thickness (P < 0.05). The dominant phyla and genera of soil bacteria and fungi were almost the same. The bacteria were Proteobacteria, Pseudoarthrobacter and Sphinomonas, and the fungi were Ascomycota and Tricharina. The relative abundance of soil bacteria and fungi varied with the soil overburden thickness. Vegetation height, coverage, moss coverage, soil temperature, moisture, organic matter, nitrogen content, pH and soil overburden thickness were the key factors affecting the soil microbial community structure. A soil overburden thickness of 10 cm was recommended as an ideal soil reconstruction measure in apline mining areas. During the restoration period of the coal gangue mound in the alpine region, significant improvement was observed in the sensitivity of soil microorganisms to thickness over the course of five years. However, in order to facilitate continuous restoration of microorganisms, it is recommended to implement measures such as covering the area with non-woven fabrics and adjusting the pH of the soil to create more favorable conditions for microbial growth.
The APETALA2 (AP2) and ethylene-responsive element-binding factor (ERF) gene family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor gene families, which plays a critical role in plant ...development and evolution, as well as response to various stresses.
The TARGET OF EAT3
(
TOE3
) gene is derived from
Halostachys caspica
and belongs to the AP2 subfamily with two AP2 DNA-binding domains. Currently, AP2 family mainly plays crucial roles in plant growth and evolution, yet there are few reports about the role of AP2 in abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we report
HcTOE3
, a new cold-regulated transcription factor gene, which has an important contribution to freezing tolerance. The main results showed that the expression of
HcTOE3
in the
H. caspica
assimilating branches was strongly induced by different abiotic stresses, including high salinity, drought, and extreme temperature (heat, chilling, and freezing), as well as abscisic acid and methyl viologen treatments. Overexpressing
HcTOE3
gene (OE) induced transgenic
Arabidopsis
plant tolerance to freezing stress. Under freezing treatment, the OE lines showed lower content of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared with the wild type. However, the survival rates, antioxidant enzyme activities, and contents of osmotic adjustment substance proline were enhanced in transgenic plants. Additionally, the OE lines increased freezing tolerance by up-regulating the transcription level of cold responsive genes (
CBF1
,
CBF2
,
COR15
,
COR47
,
KIN1
, and
RD29A
) and abscisic acid signal transduction pathway genes (
ABI1
,
ABI2
,
ABI5
, and
RAB18
). Our results suggested that HcTOE3 positively regulated freezing stress and has a great potential as a candidate gene to improve plant freezing tolerance.
•Scenarios coupled LUCC and climate changes are set.•Spatiotemporal changes in water yield under three scenarios are assessed.•Main driving factors of past and future water yield are explored at two ...scales.•Land adjustment in achieving carbon neutrality in sub-basins are determined.•Suggestions are developed for local water resource management.
The carbon neutrality target has prompted China to restructure its environmental governance system, influencing regional hydrological processes and ultimately affecting future water yield. Considering land use/land cover changes (LUCC) and climate changes, this study examines the impact of China's carbon neutrality target on future water yield. By integrating Future Land Use Simulation and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project datasets, the future water yield is characterized and analyzed under three distinct scenarios: the baseline scenario, carbon neutrality target scenario, and rapid development scenario. Furthermore, the study identifies the dominant driving factors of water yield under different scenarios at both regional and sub-basin scales from 2000 to 2060. Results reveal a clear increase in future water yield with a short-term lag effect of LUCC and climate change. Precipitation emerges as the dominant driving factor of water yield in Qinghai, though its contribution will decrease while vegetation's contribution will increase. The primary driving factors differ across various sub-basins, and the result indicates that maintaining the current land-use policy in Qaidam and Hexi corridor-Alxa Basins is conducive to the improvement of future water yield, while aligning land use with carbon neutrality targets benefits water yield in the Lancang River, Qangtan, Yellow River, and Yangtze River Basins. Notably, this underscores that the pursuit of carbon neutrality goals may not uniformly benefit water yield across all sub-basins. Instead, Qinghai can rely on higher quality and more extensive vegetation to enhance future water yield. This study offers valuable insights that can contribute to the effective management of water resources at the regional level under the carbon neutrality target.
In the context of global warming, meteorological disasters occur more frequently in various regions which exert increasing influences on human life. Snow disasters are some of the natural disasters ...that most seriously affect the development of husbandry on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), so it is necessary to explore their spatio-temporal variations and perform comprehensive risk assessment. Based on the daily snow depth data set in China, obtained by inversion of satellite remote sensing data, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of snow disasters on the QTP from 1980 to 2019 were studied. The regional difference in the comprehensive risks of snow disasters for the husbandry on the QTP was evaluated from four perspectives, i.e., the risk of hazard factors, sensitivity of hazard-inducing environments, vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies, and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity. The farmer and pastoralist well-being (FPWB) index in five typical regions was constructed to discuss the possible influences of snow disasters on the FPWB since the 21st century. Results show that, in the last 40 years, the frequency, duration, average snow depth, and grade of snow disasters on the QTP all exhibited significant interannual and interdecadal variabilities, and they also displayed a declining long-term trend. The comprehensive risk of snow disasters for the husbandry on the QTP is low in the north while high in the south. The high-risk zone accounts for 1.54% of the total and is mainly located in Kashgar City in the north-western end of the QTP; the sub-high-risk and medium-risk zones are mainly found in the south of the plateau and are distributed in a tripole pattern, separately covering 15.96% and 16.32% of the total area of the plateau; the north of the plateau mainly belongs to low-risk and sub-low-risk zones, which separately account for 43.06% and 23.12% of the total area of the plateau. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the FPWB in five typical regions, namely, Kashgar (I), Shigatse (II), Nagqu (III), Qamdo (IV), and Yushu (V), has been increasing, while the risk of snow disasters has gradually decreased. Every 1% decrease in the risk of snow disasters corresponded to 0.186%, 0.768%, 0.378%, 0.109%, and 0.03% increases in the FPWB index in the five regions. Snow disasters affect FPWB mainly by directly or indirectly damaging material resources (livestock inventories and meat production) and social and financial resources.
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, producing pro‐inflammatory mediators and undergoing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, we ...demonstrated the critical role of Forkhead Box M1 (Foxm1) transcription factor in radiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. Foxm1 was induced in AECs following lung irradiation. Transgenic expression of an activated Foxm1 transcript in AECs enhanced radiation‐induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, and increased the expression of IL‐1β, Ccl2, Cxcl5, Snail1, Zeb1, Zeb2 and Foxf1. Conditional deletion of Foxm1 from respiratory epithelial cells decreased radiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and prevented the increase in EMT‐associated gene expression. siRNA‐mediated inhibition of Foxm1 prevented TGF‐β‐induced EMT in vitro. Foxm1 bound to and increased promoter activity of the Snail1 gene, a critical transcriptional regulator of EMT. Expression of Snail1 restored TGF‐β‐induced loss of E‐cadherin in Foxm1‐deficient cells in vitro. Lineage‐tracing studies demonstrated that Foxm1 increased EMT during radiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Foxm1 is required for radiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the expression of genes critical for lung inflammation and EMT.
This study establishes the in vivo relevance of FoxM1 in the context of radiation‐induced fibrosis. FoxM1 ablation in the respiratory epithelium supports a regulatory role during EMT and pulmonary inflammation that could become of therapeutic relevance.
The electric power industry is one of the major industries in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and it is necessary to explore low-carbon green power generation models. In recent years, more ...research has focused on the difference in carbon emissions in fossil energy versus renewable energy but ignored the impact of energy on human well-being. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method is a better method for assessing the impact of the low-carbon model on human well-being. In this paper, the carbon footprints of coal power plants and photovoltaic power (PV) plants generating 1 Kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricity are compared to analyze the degree of carbon emissions at different stages of the two models, and the environmental impact potential of the two models is analyzed using the LCA method. The differences between the two models in terms of human well-being were analyzed through questionnaires and quantified using the hierarchical analysis method. The impact of the different models on human well-being was compared using LCA method. The results of the study were as follows: the total CO2 emissions from coal-fired power generation at the 1 kWh standard were 973.38 g, while the total CO2 emissions from PV power generation were 91.95 g, and the carbon emission intensity of coal-fired power plants was higher than that of PV power plants. The global warming potential and eutrophication potential of coal-fired power plants were higher than those of PV power plants, and the rest of the indicators were lower than those of PV power plants. The composite human well-being index of PV power plants was 0.613 higher than that of coal-fired power plants at 0.561. The per capita income–global warming potential of PV power plants was higher than that of coal-fired power plants, indicating that PV power plants were a low carbon-emission and high well-being model. In conclusion, the PV power plant model is a low-carbon and high human well-being industrial model that is worthy of application in the Qilian Mountains region. The low-carbon industrial model proposed in this study can have a positive effect on regional ecological environmental protection and human well-being enhancement.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted into body fluids by multiple cell types and are enriched in bioactive molecules, although their exact contents depend on the cells of ...origin. Studies have shown that exosomes in the tumor microenvironment affect tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance by mediating intercellular communication and the transport of specific molecules, although their exact mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge on the relationship between tumor drug resistance and exosomes, and have discussed the potential applications of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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