The advent of the era of big data has had an important impact on the education mode, education management methods, and education thinking paths of college ideology and politics. In this paper, an ...innovative platform for the theoretical practice of ideological and political education based on the background of big data is constructed by a B/S (browser/server) architecture system, which first accesses the server database and executes the application. Secondly, UML (Unified Modeling Language) modeling is established, and static and dynamic modeling are used to realize the use of distance learning systems. Finally, the important branches of FCM algorithm modeling are applied to optimize the problem using cluster transformation, and the system is examined for data. The results show that the platform constructed in this paper can make students’ awareness of teaching contents reach 75%, attention reach 53%, the overall effect of teaching reach 88%, and the average value of online examination score is 7.2 in the teaching system. Thus, the platform constructed in this paper can help promote the theoretical practice of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and can better propose new ideas and methods for ideological and political education.
Buildings consume large amounts of energy and resources and have a significant impact on environment. In 2010 buildings accounted for 32% of total global final energy use and 19% of energy-related ...GHG emissions. This energy use and related emissions may double or potentially even triple by mid-century. China is the world's largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter. With the process of urbanization, China has been entering into a period of great prosperity for construction, about 1.6–2.0 billionm2 buildings are constructed each year, which accounts for about 40% of the world's total new buildings. It is predicted that China’s building energy use and related emissions will continue to increase over the next 15 years. Therefore, promoting green building development has become an urgent issue in China. However, green building is a highly complicated system engineering, its promotion needs evaluation standards as technical support. Many countries had issued a series of green building evaluation standards since 1990. Currently, there are some representative green building assessment schemes. Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) has been fully implemented as the national authoritative standard of the UK since 2010. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) developed by the USA, was revised and updated regularly with the latest version issued in 2013. China enacted its national evaluation standard for green building in 2006, and revised the standard in 2014. Based on introducing the latest evaluation standards for green buildings in China, Britain and United States, the paper compared these standards from 5 aspects including energy-saving, water-saving, material-saving, site selection and the outdoor and indoor environmental quality. The comparison mainly focuses on evaluation methods and evaluation indicators in the three standard systems. Besides, the characteristics of each standard system were summarized and some suggestions for improving China’s evaluation standard for green building were proposed.
Located in the innermost layer of the vasculature and directly interacting with blood flow, endothelium integrates various biochemical and biomechanical signals to maintain barrier function with ...selective permeability, vascular tone, blood fluidity, and vascular formation. Endothelial cells respond to laminar and disturbed flow by structural and functional adaption, which involves reprogramming gene expression, cell proliferation and migration, senescence, autophagy and cell death, as well as synthesizing signal molecules (nitric oxide and prostanoids, etc) that act in manners of autocrine, paracrine, or juxtacrine. Inflammation occurs after infection or tissue injury. Dysregulated inflammatory response participates in pathogenesis of many diseases. Endothelial cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli from the circulation or the microenvironment exhibit impaired vascular tone, increased permeability, elevated procoagulant activity, and dysregulated vascular formation, collectively contributing to the development of vascular diseases. Understanding the endothelial response to pathophysiological stress of hemodynamics and inflammation provides mechanistic insights into cardiovascular diseases, as well as therapeutic opportunities.
With the rapid economic growth and the improvement of people's living standards, China's building energy consumption has kept rising during the past 15 years. Under the effort of the Chinese ...government and the society, China's building energy efficiency has made certain achievements. However, the implementation of building energy efficiency in China is still far from its potential. Based on the analysis of the existing policies implemented in China, the article concluded that the most essential and the most effective ways to promote building energy efficiency is the government's involvement as well as economic and financial incentives. In addition, the main barriers in the process of promoting building energy efficiency in China are identified in six aspects. It has been found that the legal system and administrative issues constitute major barriers, and the lack of financial incentives and the mismatching of market mechanism also hamper the promotion of building energy efficiency. Finally, in view of the existing policies and barriers analysis, three corresponding policy proposals are presented.
•The existing policies implemented in China from three aspects are presented and analysed.•The Government's involvement is the most essential effective way to promote building-energy efficiency.•Six aspects of barriers in promoting building energy efficiency in China are identified.•The legal system and administrative issues constitute the major barriers.•Three policy proposals to further promote building energy efficiency in China are proposed.
•Permeability, diffusivity and microstructure of concrete with different W/B ratios and admixtures were studied.•An indicator of contributive porosity was proposed.•Relationships among permeability, ...diffusivity, porosity and pore-size distribution were established.•Correlation of permeability and contributive porosity was obtained.
10 concrete specimens with different water-binder ratios and admixtures were manufactured to analyze the relationship between permeability and microstructure of the test concrete. The gas permeability coefficient and effective chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete were measured by Cembureau method and ASTM C1202 test respectively. In addition, the pore structure of concrete was determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) respectively. Results show that water-binder ratio and admixture have negligible effect on the distribution of pore size below 10 nm. Besides, the addition of admixtures can decrease the porosity of concrete effectively, except basalt fiber. Moreover, there is an obvious correlation between gas permeability (chloride diffusivity) and porosity of the test concrete. A higher proportion of pore within range of 1–100 nm can be obtained by NMR than that by MIP. The results are opposite when the pore size is >100 nm. There is a good correlation between gas permeability coefficients and contributive porosity with pore diameter of 10–1000 nm, meanwhile, chloride diffusivity is well dependent on contributive porosity with pore diameter of 100–1000 nm. The addition of admixtures will change the relationships between two global permeability coefficients and microstructure parameters of concrete.
Chronic hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes increases the risk of microvascular events. However, there is continuing uncertainty about its effect on macrovascular outcomes and death. We conducted a ...meta-analysis of prospective studies to estimate the association of glycosylated hemoglobin level with the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes.
We systematically searched the MEDLINE database through April 2011 by using Medical Subject Heading search terms and a standardized protocol. We included prospective cohort studies that reported data of glycosylated hemoglobin level on the risk of incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Relative risk estimates (continuous and categorical variables) were derived or abstracted from each cohort study. Twenty six studies were included in this analysis with a mean follow-up rang of 2.2-16 years. The pooled relative risk associated with a 1% increase in glycosylated hemoglobin level among patients with type 2 diabetes was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.20) for all-cause mortality, 1.17 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.23) for cardiovascular disease, 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.20) for coronary heart disease, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.18) for heart failure, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.17) for stroke, and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.40) for peripheral arterial disease, respectively. In addition, a positive dose-response trend existed between glycosylated hemoglobin level and cardiovascular outcomes.
Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes, likely independently from other conventional risk factors.
To evaluate the performance of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) in detecting undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among U.S. adults by gender and race.
This cross-sectional analysis included ...participants (aged ≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the optimal cutoff points for identifying undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes were calculated for FINDRISC by gender and race/ethnicity.
Among the 20,633 adults (≥20 years), 49.8% were women and 53.0% were non-Hispanic White. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes was 4.1% and 35.6%, respectively. FINDRISC was positively associated with the prevalence of diabetes (OR = 1.48 for 1 unit increase, p<0.001) and prediabetes (OR = 1.15 for 1 unit increase, p<0.001). The area under ROC for detecting undiagnosed diabetes was 0.75 for total population, 0.74 for men and 0.78 for women (p = 0.04); 0.76 for White, 0.76 for Black and 0.72 for Hispanics (p = 0.03 for White vs. Hispanics). The area under ROC for detecting prediabetes was 0.67 for total population, 0.66 for men and 0.70 for women (p<0.001); 0.68 for White, 0.67 for Black and 0.65 for Hispanics (p<0.001 for White vs. Hispanics). The optimal cutoff point was 10 (sensitivity = 0.75) for men and 12 (sensitivity = 0.72) for women for detecting undiagnosed diabetes; 9 (sensitivity = 0.61) for men and 10 (sensitivity = 0.69) for women for detecting prediabetes.
FINDRISC is a simple and non-invasive screening tool to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes in the U.S. adults.
Novel renewable bisepoxide 2, 2′-diglycidyl ether-3, 3′-dimethoxy-5, 5′-diallydiphenylmethane (BEF-EP) and its hardener 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylbenzimidazole (VBZMI) were prepared from ...1-allyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzene (eugenol) and 2-methoxy-4-formylphenol (vanillin), respectively. The chemical structures of two monomers were confirmed by their 1H NMR spectra. Estrogenic activity test revealed that biobased bisphenol monomer 2,2′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-5,5′-diallydiphenylmethane (BEF) as the precursor of BEF-EP showed an extremely lower estrogenic activity than commercial bisphenols (BPA and BPF). This biobased, safe and green epoxy (BEF-EP) and commercial epoxy diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (BPF-EP) were then cured with conventional and renewable hardener (benzimidazole BZMI and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylbenzimidazole VBZMI), respectively, for comparison. The results showed the biobased epoxy thermoset (BEF-EP/BZMI) possessed excellent thermal stability (Td5% = 372 °C), almost reaching the properties of commercial epoxy thermoset (BPF-EP/BZMI, Td5% = 385 °C). Furthermore, BEF-EP/BZMI showed good hydrophobic properties, which exhibited a higher contact angle (79.53°) than BPF-EP/BZMI (75.16°). In addition, for the comparison between VBZMI and BZMI, the epoxy resins using VBZMI as the curing agent displayed higher performance than the epoxy resins using BZMI as the curing agent. Especially, BEF-EP/VBZMI showed a higher thermal stability (Td5% = 395 °C), a higher glass transition temperature (Tg = 97 °C) and a higher contact angle (94.07) than BEF-EP/BZMI. The results could be attributed to the existence of hydroxyl groups in the side chain of VBZIMI, which enhanced the crosslinking density and then improved the rigid of epoxy material. Herein, we believe the novel biobased epoxy resin (BEF-EP) and hardener (VBZMI) has wide application as the alternative of conventional petroleum-based epoxy resin and hardener.
•A novel renewable bisepoxide BEF-EP and its hardener VBZMI were prepared from eugenol and vanillin, respectively.•The precursor BEF showed extremely lower estrogenic activity than commercial bisphenols.•The biobased epoxy resin cured by VBZMI showed better performance than epoxy resin cured by traditional curing agent.
Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent cell death caused by lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation and involved in disease of pulmonary infection. The dysregulation of iron metabolism, the ...accumulation of LPO, and the inactivation and consumption of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) are the crucial cause of ferroptosis. Pulmonary infectious diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with ferroptosis. Ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms by which these infections are involved in ferroptosis and whether pulmonary infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Leishmania spp are related to ferroptosis are unclear. Accordingly, more researches are needed.
China has about 60 billion m2 of existing buildings, with approximately 2 billion m2 newly constructed each year. This accounts for half of all new buildings globally. A large number of buildings ...were demolished during the urban renewal process in China, significantly reducing the average lifespan of buildings and wasting vast amounts of energy and resources. However, the corresponding environmental impacts of reduced building lifespans have not been studied. Moreover, how to accurately evaluate future environmental impacts of construction projects is still a difficult problem, since in some cases the environmental impacts may not be realized for many years. In order to investigate the relationship between building lifespans and the corresponding environmental impacts, this paper first estimated the average lifespan of buildings in China through literature review, field investigation and calculation (using survival rate and demolition rate, respectively), revealing that the average building lifespan in China is from 25 to 35 years which is far shorter than the designed lifespans of buildings in China. It is also much shorter compared to the building lifespans in ten developed countries. Six buildings in Hebei Province in China were selected as case studies to conduct life cycle environmental (LCE) impact assessment. The results of the case studies indicate that (1) extending the building's lifespan from 30 to 50 years would reduce 40% of its total LCE impacts; (2) the environmental impacts caused by buildings (per area per year) in China is 2.3 times than that in the UK; (3) when environmental impacts are considered over time, they would decrease dramatically with the increase of discount rate, indicating that the buildings in developed cities in China with higher discount rates are more sensitive to environmental degradation.
•The average lifespan of buildings caused by over demolition in China was estimated.•The building environmental impacts in different countries were examined.•Both life cycle embodied and operational environmental impacts were considered.•Time value of environmental impacts was also considered.
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