•In-vehicle RLR collision warning timing was tested in a driving simulator.•The range of warning lead time is from 2.5s to 5.5s with 0.5s increment.•Collision avoidance performances are highly ...affected by warning timings.•Earlier warning leads to shorter reaction time and lower deceleration rate.
Collision warning systems have been identified as an effective technique for avoiding accidents. In such a system, the delivery time of warning messages is a crucial factor that influences the success of collision avoidance. This study therefore contributes by providing experimental analyses on a range of delivery times of warning messages, which has been overlooked in past studies. Using simulator-based techniques, experimental scenarios are specifically designed for accounting the red-light-running events at intersections and drivers are recruited to test on different settings of warning timings. Several measures including brake reaction time, alarm-to-brake-onset time and deceleration are adopted as reflections of drivers’ performances under the collision avoidance process and they are connected to several factors by mixed effect models. According to the results, the collision warning system actually can largely reduce the occurrence of red-light-running collisions, more importantly it reveals the influence of warning timings within the predefined ranges and 4.0s or 4.5s may be a proper warning timing for the right-angle collisions accused by red-light-running vehicles in this study. Besides, effects from directional information embedded in warning messages are also investigated in this study. Findings are important to the design of collision warning systems especially in the aspect of warning timings.
Activated carbon adsorption is a promising technique for treatment of low-concentration heavy metal pollutants with high efficiency, simple operation, and flexibility; however, the cost of commercial ...activated carbon is too high. Therefore, much attention has been paid to activated carbon derived from low-cost agricultural and forest wastes. In this work, adsorption of Cd and Pb in aqueous solutions were conducted through batch experiments using
Typha angustifolia
carbon (TC) and
Salix matsudana
carbon (SC) prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorbents were characterized using SEM, FTIR, XPS, elemental analyzer, BET surface area, and zeta potential measurements. Both TC and SC mainly encompassed mesopores and bonds of O-H, C-O, C&z.dbd;O, and P&z.dbd;O/P-O-C. The BET surface area and isoelectric point (pH
IEP
) of TC and SC was 130.42 and 234.42 m
2
g
−1
and 3.45 and 4.38, respectively. The adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb for TC and SC both relied positively on the pH and humic acid but negatively on NaCl in the media. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, involved physicochemical reactions, and fitted well with the pseudo second-order and Langmuir models. Both the intraparticle diffusion and the chemical reaction were the rate limiting steps during adsorption. The maximum sorption capacity of Cd and Pb was 48.08 and 61.73 mg g
−1
(TC) and 40.98 and 58.82 mg g
−1
(SC), respectively, at pH 5 and 25 °C. The adsorption-desorption results showed that both activated carbons had good regeneration and reusability properties. The results suggested that both TC and SC had potential applications in the removal of Cd and Pb from aqueous solutions.
H
3
PO
4
activated
Typha angustifolia
and
Salix matsudana
carbons provide good adsorption/desorption characteristics for Cd and Pb.
•ZD promotes carcinogenesis in multiple pathways, such as inflammation, DNA repair, metabolic profile, and miRNA profile•Summarizing 5 miRNAs changed in ZD and their effects on carcinogenesis in the ...specific cancer type.•ZD can downregulate MiR-128 and miR-143 in ESCC, and overexpress MiR-31, miR-182 and miR-21 in different cancer separately.
Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant necessary trace element in the human body. It is reported that zinc deficiency (ZD) promotes many types of cancer progression through multiple signal pathways. It is well known that oxidative stress, DNA damage, DNA repair, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, metabolic alterations, microRNAs abnormal expression, and inflammation level are closely related to cancer development. Cumulative evidence suggests that ZD influences these biological functions. This review explores the latest advances in understanding the role of ZD in tumorigenesis. Fully comprehending the potential mechanisms of ZD-induced tumors may provide novel clues for prevention and clinical treatment of cancers.
MADS-box genes encode a large family of transcription factors that play significant roles in plant growth and development. Bamboo is an important non-timber forest product worldwide, but previous ...studies on the moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) MADS-box gene family were not accurate nor sufficiently detailed.
Here, a complete genome-wide identification and characterization of the MADS-box genes in moso bamboo was conducted. There was an unusual lack of type-I MADS-box genes in the bamboo genome database ( http://202.127.18.221/bamboo/index.php ), and some of the PeMADS sequences are fragmented and/or inaccurate. We performed several bioinformatics techniques to obtain more precise sequences using transcriptome assembly. In total, 42 MADS-box genes, including six new type-I MADS-box genes, were identified in bamboo, and their structures, phylogenetic relationships, predicted conserved motifs and promoter cis-elements were systematically investigated. An expression analysis of the bamboo MADS-box genes in floral organs and leaves revealed that several key members are involved in bamboo inflorescence development, like their orthologous genes in Oryza. The ectopic overexpression of one MADS-box gene, PeMADS5, in Arabidopsis triggered an earlier flowering time and the development of an aberrant flower phenotype, suggesting that PeMADS5 acts as a floral activator and is involved in bamboo flowering.
We produced the most comprehensive information on MADS-box genes in moso bamboo. Additionally, a critical PeMADS gene (PeMADS5) responsible for the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth was identified and shown to be related to bamboo floral development.
Mesoporous Schottky junction between CN and TiC favors the enhanced active sites and electron transfer toward and accumulation at TiC for boosting PHE or .O2– dominated TC degradation.
Display ...omitted
•Mesoporous intimate contact between CN and TiC was constructed via in-situ polymerization.•The CN-TiC-10 heterojunction exhibits superior (k = 0.05292 min−1) or PHE rate (1941 μmol ·g−1·h−1), 3.5 or 2.4 times that of pristine CN, and 176 times or far higher than that of TiC.•Synergetic effects of interfacial cyano linkage and Schottky junction promoted enhanced carriers’ separation for CN-TiC were revealed.•Photocatalytic mechanisms involving carriers’ dynamics and active species were proposed.
The electron collection and accumulation at carbon nitride (CN) surfaces play critical roles in coupling multielectron processes with carriers' dynamics for boosting tetracycline (TC) degradation, where MXenes are excellent candidates for tailoring carriers' dynamics in CN. Cyano-intermediated heterojunctions between CN and titanium carbide (CN-TiC) were synthesized via TiC-assisted thermopolymerization. Mesoporous morphology and combination of two materials were confirmed. Investigations on optical properties indicate that cyano groups were formed via this TiC-assisted polymerization, leading to strong chemical-physical interaction for intimate hetero-contact and enhanced visible absorption. As results, the optimized CN-TiC shows improved TC degradation rate (k = 0.05292 min−1), 3.5 times higher that of CN (k = 0.0153 min−1) or 176 times that of TiC (0.0003 min−1). Kinetics investigations reveal that superoxide radicals (.O2–) dominate TC oxidation, where TiC facilitates electrons' transportation/collection. Further photochemical investigations and band analysis suggest that the formation of Schottky junction between CN and TiC promotes electron-hole separation/transportation and electrons' accumulation for boosting TC degradation. We expanded this design to photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE) or rhodamine degradation, achieving the PHE rate of 1941 μmol·g−1·h−1 or rhodamine removal ratio of 96%, far higher than that of CN.
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second most important oilseed crop in the world but the genetic diversity underlying its massive phenotypic variations remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the ...sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of eight B. napus accessions. Using pan-genome comparative analysis, millions of small variations and 77.2-149.6 megabase presence and absence variations (PAVs) were identified. More than 9.4% of the genes contained large-effect mutations or structural variations. PAV-based genome-wide association study (PAV-GWAS) directly identified causal structural variations for silique length, seed weight and flowering time in a nested association mapping population with ZS11 (reference line) as the donor, which were not detected by single-nucleotide polymorphisms-based GWAS (SNP-GWAS), demonstrating that PAV-GWAS was complementary to SNP-GWAS in identifying associations to traits. Further analysis showed that PAVs in three FLOWERING LOCUS C genes were closely related to flowering time and ecotype differentiation. This study provides resources to support a better understanding of the genome architecture and acceleration of the genetic improvement of B. napus.
A sketch-based image retrieval often needs to optimize the tradeoff between efficiency and precision. Index structures are typically applied to large-scale databases to realize efficient retrievals. ...However, the performance can be affected by quantization errors. Moreover, the ambiguousness of user-provided examples may also degrade the performance, when compared with traditional image retrieval methods. Sketch-based image retrieval systems that preserve the index structure are challenging. In this paper, we propose an effective sketch-based image retrieval approach with re-ranking and relevance feedback schemes. Our approach makes full use of the semantics in query sketches and the top ranked images of the initial results. We also apply relevance feedback to find more relevant images for the input query sketch. The integration of the two schemes results in mutual benefits and improves the performance of the sketch-based image retrieval.
As the key concept in fabricating integrated device, surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) have been widely employed to artificially manipulate the electromagnetic waves in metallic surfaces. However, ...due to the highly structure-dependent resonance of SPPs, it is challengeable to develop a fixed device which can function at wide band. Here, we propose a novel broadband and robust SPPs directional coupler based on the tri-layered curved waveguides working at terahertz (THz) frequencies, where the coupling of SPPs between the adjacent waveguides can be modeled with coupled mode theory. By introducing the stimulated raman adiabatic passage quantum control technique, we achieve the complete transfer of SPPs from the input to the output waveguides in the range of 0.9-1.3 THz, and even considering the propagation loss, the transfer rate is still above 70%. Furthermore, the performance of our device is eminently robust because of its insensitivity to the geometry of structure and the wavelength of SPPs. As a result, our device can tolerate defect induced by fabrication processing and manipulate THz waves at broadband. This finding provides a new theoretical guideline in promoting THz on-demand applications, which is of significance in developing integrated THz devices.
This study contributes to our understanding of organizational identity through dichotomous motivations of altruism and egoism in non-profit organizations (NPO). By applying an empirical analysis of ...NPO members, organizational identity is found to be well explained by altruistic motivation and egoistic motivation. More importantly, this study finds that collectivism positively moderates the relationship between altruistic motivation and organizational identity, and negatively moderates the relationship between egoistic motivation and organizational identity. It is noticeable that altruistic motivations have a stronger impact on organizational identity when collectivism is high, while egoistic motivations have a stronger impact on organizational identity when collectivism is low. Finally, this study generates helpful management implications based on research findings. It is suggested that the managers of NPOs could enhance members’ organizational identity by taking motivations and collectivism into consideration, that is to say, in order to build up organizational identity of NPO members, both righteousness and shared interests matter simultaneously.
The current multi-row planter always leads to uneven seeding spacing between rows while seeding in curve paths, which causes uneven growth, a cost increase of production and management, and reduced ...yield. With the development of smart farming technology, a curve seeding compensation and precise positioning model is proposed in the paper to calculate the real-time speed and position of each seeding unit based on the information from multisensors, such as GNSS and IMU, and to predict the next seeding position to achieve uniform seeding on the curve and improve the unit yield of crops. MATLAB Simulink simulation experiments show that the seeding pass rate of the model is 99.97% when the positioning accuracy is ±0.01 m and the traction speed is 1 m/s, and the seeding pass rate of the five-row seeder is as high as 99.81% when the traction speed is 3 m/s, which verifies the effectiveness and practicality of the model.
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