This paper proposes a deep learning method to predict the electromagnetic emission spectrum in the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test of aerospace products. A threshold‐based data decomposition ...method is used to propose the spike signal, reconstruct the original test data, and solve the contradiction between the overfitting and prediction accuracy of the deep learning method to deal with the EMC test spectrum. Using a long short‐term memory neural network architecture for predicting electromagnetic emission spectrum, the Bayesian optimization method is used to optimize the network hyperparameter, and the acquisition function is introduced into the loss function to improve the comprehensive training optimization of deep learning network. Apply the method to three numerical examples: signal line current conduction emission, power line voltage conduction emission, and electric field radiation emission. The analysis results indicate that at a 95% confidence level, the predicted electromagnetic emission spectrum is basically consistent with the test results. The prediction results can be used as the basis for EMC evaluation of aerospace electronic equipment.
Aiming at the typical and unpredictable spike signals in the electromagnetic compatibility test spectrum, a data decomposition method is adopted to extract such signals on the basis of a certain threshold and reconstruct them into a data sequence. After data decomposition, two data sequences are formed, and a long short‐term memory network is used for training and predicting the electromagnetic emission spectrum. In the process of network training, Bayesian optimization is used to optimize the network hyperparameter.
Nitrogen pollution of groundwater is becoming more and more serious due to intense and extensive industrial and agricultural activities. This may exert great influence on human health. In this paper, ...human health risk due to groundwater nitrogen pollution in Jinghui canal irrigation area in Shaanxi Province of China where agricultural activities are intense was assessed. Forty-seven groundwater samples were collected from shallow wells and analyzed for physicochemical indices in the study area. Water samples were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), major ions (Na
+
, K
+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, HCO
3−
, CO
3
2−
, Cl
−
and SO
4
2−
), nitrate (NO
3
–N), nitrite (NO
2
–N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH
4
–N). General groundwater chemistry was described by statistical analysis and the Piper diagram. Water quality was quantified via comprehensive water quality index (CWQI), and human health risk was assessed considering the age and exposure pathways of the consumers. The results show that the shallow groundwater is slightly alkaline and groundwater types are HCO
3
·SO
4
·Cl–Mg and HCO
3
·SO
4
·Cl–Na. Rock weathering and evaporation are main natural processes regulating the groundwater chemistry. The CWQI indicates that groundwater in the study area is seriously polluted by TH, TDS, SO
4
2−
, Cl
−
and NO
3
−
. Human health risk is high because of high concentrations of nitrate in drinking water. The results also show that children are at higher risk than adults. The health risk through dermal contact is much lower than that through drinking water intake and can be ignored.
With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, the process of urbanization continues to deepen and the progress of the construction industry changes with each ...passing day. People are paying more and more attention to the safety of civil engineering. Accidents frequently occurred during the construction process, which exposed the lack of attention to safety issues during the construction process, the lack of effective supervision of safe construction, and the lack of safety awareness of construction personnel, which had an impact on the construction of civil engineering. In this article, a solution to the safety management system for construction personnel based on artificial intelligence machine vision technology is proposed for the study of the safety management of civil engineering structures. First of all, through the research and analysis of the problems in the safety management of construction workers, the types of safety accidents of construction workers are summarized and the effect of machine understanding of the construction scene is realized through target detection and description of the spatial interaction between the two. A real-time detection and early warning platform is built, and early warnings are automatically sent out when a predefined dangerous scene occurs, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing construction accidents. The experimental results in this paper show that, in the use of artificial intelligence machine vision technology to manage the safety of civil engineering construction, the safety management of workers in the construction is realized, and the results show that the level of construction safety management has increased to 97.4%, ensuring the quality of civil engineering construction and safety.
Nanotechnology has become a trending area in science and has made great advances with the development of functional, engineered nanoparticles. Various metal nanoparticles have been widely exploited ...for a wide range of medical applications. Among them, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely reported to guide an impressive resurgence and are highly remarkable. AuNPs, with their multiple, unique functional properties, and easy of synthesis, have attracted extensive attention. Their intrinsic features (optics, electronics, and physicochemical characteristics) can be altered by changing the characterization of the nanoparticles, such as shape, size and aspect ratio. They can be applied to a wide range of medical applications, including drug and gene delivery, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiation therapy (RT), diagnosis, X-ray imaging, computed tomography (CT) and other biological activities. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive review that summarized the applications of AuNPs in the medical field. Therefore, in this article we systematically review the methods of synthesis, the modification and characterization techniques of AuNPs, medical applications, and some biological activities of AuNPs, to provide a reference for future studies.
No studies have performed direct pairwise comparisons of the effectiveness and safety of warfarin and the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban. Using 2013 to 2014 ...claims from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we identified patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation who initiated apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, warfarin, or no oral anticoagulation therapy in 2013 to 2014. Outcomes included the composite of ischemic stroke, systemic embolism (SE) and death, any bleeding event, gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, and treatment persistence. We constructed Cox proportional hazard models to compare outcomes between each pair of treatment groups. The composite risk of ischemic stroke, SE, and death was lower for NOACs than for warfarin: hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 0.98 for apixaban; 0.73, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.86 for dabigatran; and 0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.89 for rivaroxaban, all compared with warfarin. There were no differences in effectiveness across NOACs. The risk of any bleeding was lower with apixaban than with warfarin, but higher with rivaroxaban than with warfarin. Apixaban (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.79) and dabigatran (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.92) were associated with lower bleeding risk than rivaroxaban. Treatment persistence was highest for apixaban (82%), and lowest for dabigatran and warfarin (64%) (p value <0.001). Compared with warfarin, NOACs are more effective in preventing stroke but their risk of bleeding varies, with rivaroxaban having higher risk than warfarin. Altogether, apixaban had the most favorable effectiveness, safety, and persistence profile.
•The high efficiency LaCoO3 perovskite oxides were fabricated with three methods.•Heterogeneous reaction led to LCO-SiO2 activating PMS to form absolute SO4−.•LCO and LCO-CTAB showed combination of ...homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.•Intermediates identification confirmed the radical reaction pathway.
The degradations of aqueous solutions of 2-phenyl-5-sulfobenzimidazole acid (PBSA) using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated with LaCoO3 (LCO)-based perovskite oxides prepared by three different methods (including normal precipitate method named as LCO, introduction of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) named as LCO-CTAB and hydrothermal method with the adding of silicon named as LCO-SiO2) were investigated. The results showed that all the catalysts effectively degraded PBSA. At neutral pH, a removal efficiency of about 100% was achieved in less than 10min. LCO-SiO2 showed the widest solution pH range (4.0–8.0) with a lowest leaching of cobalt and lanthanum ions (both less than 5.0%). The surface and structural properties of the catalysts were determined using X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reaction involved LCO and LCO-CTAB was a combination reaction including homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. The first one was caused by the leached cobalt ions; the later one was derived by the surface cobalt-oxygen bond. In the process of LCO-SiO2 activated PMS, the heterogeneous activation reaction dominated PBSA degradation, which was derived by SO4− and electronic transfer confirmed by the effect of radical quenchers and intermediates identification. Eight intermediates generated from PBSA degradation were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The identification of HO3SO− among the products confirmed the proposed SO4− degradation mechanism.
The global rise of peer to peer ‘home-sharing’ platforms such as Airbnb has accelerated negative forms of ‘touristification’ in major cities, often defying local regulation. But less is known about ...how such platforms affect regions beyond or peripheral to major population centres. This article addresses this question, examining 12 case-study communities in coastal Australia. Through in-depth interviews and focus groups with local stakeholders and planners, as well as analysis of Airbnb listings, tourism and housing data, we find that Airbnb style platforms intersect with, and impact, local governance, neighbourhoods and housing markets in different ways. We conceptualise these differences as a place-based taxonomy ranging from ‘pop-up’ to ‘invasive’ tourism, and highlight implications for research, policy and practice.
•Examines impacts of Airbnb style rentals beyond Australia's major cities•Focuses on ‘touristification’ and gentrification impacts in 12 coastal cases•Finds that some communities benefit from ‘pop-up’ accommodation but others report tourism ‘invasion’•Impact patterns reflect local tourism practices and housing market pressures.
This study assessed groundwater quality in a semiarid region of northwest China impacted by industrial and agricultural activities. The goal was to assess the quality of the water for drinking and ...irrigation, and the groundwater’s effect on human health. Thirty-one groundwater samples were collected from monitoring and hand pumping wells. These wells were distributed over 54 km
2
, with an average of 5.7 wells per 10 square kilometers. The samples were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), fluoride (F
−
), nitrate (NO
3
–N), nitrite (NO
2
–N), ammonia nitrogen (NH
4
–N), major ions (Na
+
, K
+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, HCO
3
−
, SO
4
2−
, Cl
−
), and heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, As and Cr
6+
). Groundwater chemistry was described using statistical analysis, and Piper and Gibbs diagrams. An entropy-based matter element extension analysis was performed to quantify the overall groundwater quality. The sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, and soluble sodium percentage were used to assess irrigation water quality. Considering resident age, sex, and exposure pathways, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were estimated using the models recommended by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Study area groundwater was found to be slightly alkaline. For cations, Na
+
was most abundant followed by Ca
2+
, then Mg
2+
, and then K
+
. For anions, HCO
3
−
were more abundant than SO
4
2−
and Cl
−
. Gibbs diagrams indicate that groundwater evaporation influences the development of sulfate-type groundwater, compared to the other groundwater types (bicarbonate and non-dominant types). The groundwater in most parts of the study area is of fair quality, and is marginally acceptable for multiple uses. TDS, TH, NH
4
−N, NO
3
−N, and Mn are common contaminants in the alluvial plain. These contaminants originate mainly from industrial and agricultural activities, as well as natural processes. Land irrigated with the groundwater is not exposed to a sodium hazard. However, measures are needed to manage the salinity hazard. The health risk assessment suggests that females and children face higher non-carcinogenic risk than males. The contribution of the contaminants to non-carcinogenic risk is in the following order: NO
3
−
> F
−
> As > Mn > NO
2
−
> Cr > NH
4
+
> Cu > Zn. Cr contributes more than As to the carcinogenic risk.
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair ...effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the “microflora–gut–brain axis”, in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health. Bidirectional communication between the intestinal microflora and the brain (microbe–gut–brain axis) occurs through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and behavior, which is usually associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss that TPs and their metabolites may provide benefits by restoring the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and that TPs are metabolized by intestinal flora, to provide a new idea for TPs to play a neuroprotective role by regulating intestinal flora.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Recent and national data on adherence to heart failure drugs are limited, particularly among the disabled and some small minority groups, such as Native Americans and Hispanics.
...OBJECTIVE
We compare medication adherence among Medicare patients with heart failure, by disability status, race/ethnicity, and income.
DESIGN
Observational study.
SETTING
US Medicare Parts A, B, and D data, 5 % random sample, 2007–2009.
PARTICIPANTS
149,893 elderly Medicare beneficiaries and 21,204 disabled non-elderly beneficiaries.
MAIN MEASURES
We examined 5 % of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with heart failure in 2007–2009. The main outcome was 1-year adherence to one of three therapeutic classes: β-blockers, diuretics, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Adherence was defined as having prescriptions in possession for ≥ 75 % of days.
KEY RESULTS
Among aged beneficiaries, 1-year adherences to at least one heart failure drug were 63 %, 57 %, 53 %, 50 %, and 52 % for Whites, Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans and Blacks, respectively; among the disabled, 1-year adherence was worse for each group: 57 %, 53 %, 48 %, 44 % and 43 % respectively. The racial/ethnic difference persisted after adjustment for age, gender, income, drug coverage, location and health status. Patterns of adherence were similar among beneficiaries on all three therapeutic classes. Among beneficiaries with close-to-full drug coverage, minorities were still less likely to adhere relative to Whites, OR = 0.61 (95 % CI 0.58–0.64) for Hispanics, OR = 0.59 (95 % CI 0.57–0.62) for Blacks and OR = 0.57 (95 % CI 0.47–0.68) for Native Americans.
CONCLUSION
After the implementation of Medicare Part D, adherence to heart failure drugs remains problematic, especially among disabled and minority beneficiaries, including Native Americans, Blacks, and Hispanics. Even among those with close-to-full drug coverage, racial differences remain, suggesting that policies simply relying on cost reduction cannot eliminate racial differences.
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