The studies on materials for decontamination in aqueous solutions have increasingly received greater attentions. Such contaminants as heavy metals, arsenic, fluoride and phosphate are harmful to ...humans and aqueous species due to higher toxicity. Zirconium based adsorbents have become more attractive due to outstanding performance in decontamination. This article provides a comprehensive review of the performance and mechanisms of five types adsorbents: zirconium (hydro)oxides, zirconium hydrogen sulfate, zirconium based multiple metal typed adsorbents and zirconium impregnated complexes. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations and the intraparticle diffusion model can be applied in describing the adsorption kinetics, while Langmuir and Freundlich equations are the most commonly used adsorption isotherms. The important mechanisms for uptake of contaminants are: ligand exchange between adsorbate and adsorbent, surface complexation formation, and Lewis acid–base and electrostatic interactions. A series of successful studies demonstrate that the adsorbents are promising for removing aqueous contaminants.
Based on historical temperature and salinity (T–S) profiles, the correlation between the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly, sea surface dynamic height (SSH) anomaly, and temperature profile ...anomaly is constructed by regression analysis. A three-dimensional temperature field is reconstructed in the northern South China Sea by satellite SST and SSH, with daily temporal and 0.25°×0.25° spatial resolutions. The three-dimensional salinity field is also reconstructed based on the correlation between salinity and temperature. Compared with the observational T–S profiles, the reconstructed T–S field reflects the characteristics and structure and accurately describes the mesoscale variability of the ocean temperature field. The new expanded T–S field can be used as the initial field in numerical models and be assimilated into numerical reanalysis and prediction systems, improving their output.
Air pollutants emitted by industries can significantly affect local air quality and jeopardize human health, and the study of the boundary layer thermodynamic structure and diffusion capacity over ...industrial plants can be beneficial for the improvement of corporate air pollution control measures. The continuous high temporal and spatial resolution monitoring of the boundary layer structure (thermal, dynamic, and material) by advanced remote sensing instruments over a single strong industrial source (steel plant) in Shanxi Province, China, from May to June 2021 revealed the boundary layer characteristics under the influence of a single strong local anthropogenic influence. Strong nocturnal temperature inversions and grounded temperature inversions were prone to occur over industrial sources. The local wind field was characterized by significant daily variations, with the whole-layer airflow during the daytime dominated by southwesterly winds. At night, under the influence of radiation, topography, and surface, the airflow was dominated by easterly winds with low speeds (less than 2 m/s) in the low altitude range of 100 m, while the wind direction was still dominated by southwesterly winds with higher speeds in the altitude of 100 m. In addition, the average atmospheric diffusion capacity increased significantly with height in the 500 m altitude range, with an increase in rate of about 2~3 times/50 m, and continued to show a discontinuous increasing trend above 500 m. Combined with the wind direction and wind speed contours, it can be seen that the pollutants can be effectively dispersed at a height of 100 m. The thermal and turbulent boundary layer heights were highly consistent, and the material boundary layer height was significantly higher than the thermal and turbulent boundary layer heights during the daytime when convection was strong.
The cardioprotective effect of propofol on ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury) is partly due to suppressing apoptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics are also involved in apoptosis. Mitochondrial fusion ...and fission lead to mitochondrial morphological changes. However, whether suppressing apoptosis effect of propofol against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart is via regulating mitochondrial morphology remains unclear.
H9c2 cells underwent oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reperfusion to simulate cardiomyocytes ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell viability, apoptosis ratio and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane dynamin family proteins, extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2) and proteins related to intrinsic apoptosis pathways were detected by western blotting. The mitochondrial morphology and the distribution of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) were observed by using laser confocal microscopy.
Propofol enhanced the survival of H9c2 cells, decreased ROS levels and inhibited apoptosis during oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury. Mitochondrial fission in H9c2 cells was inhibited by propofol during OGD injury. Propofol alleviated high levels of mitochondrial fusion and fission during OGD/R in H9c2 cells, by regulating mitochondrial membrane remodeling dynamin family proteins. Propofol inhibited Drp1 colocalization with mitochondria in H9c2 cells during OGD/R injury. Moreover, Drp1 phosphorylation was inhibited by propofol through decreasing ERK activation during OGD/R injury. We found that propofol ameliorated H9c2 cells apoptosis during OGD/R via inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-9, caspase-6, caspase-7 and caspase-3 activation.
Propofol suppresses H9c2 cells apoptosis during OGD/R injury via inhibiting intrinsic apoptosis pathway, which may be partly due to reducing high levels of mitochondrial fusion and fission induced by OGD/R injury.
has brightly colored wings and releases toxic cyanide as a defense against predation. At present, the molecular phylogenetic status of this species is still unclear. Here, we presented the first ...complete mitochondrial genome of the genus
, which was assembled from data generated using a genome skimming method. The assembled mitogenome was 15,197 bp in length and consists of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a control region. Phylogenetic analysis based on both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) revealed that
was most closely related to
.
The microscopic pore structure controls the fluid seepage characteristics, which in turn affect the final recovery of the reservoir. The pore structures of different reservoirs vary greatly; ...therefore, the scientific classification of microscopic pore structures is the prerequisite for enhancing the overall oil recovery. For the low permeability conglomerate reservoir in Mahu Sag, due to the differences in the sedimentary environment and late diagenesis, various reservoir types have developed in different regions, so it is very difficult to develop the reservoir using an integrated method. To effectively solve the problem of microscopic pore structure classification, the low permeability conglomerate of the Baikouquan Formation in Well Block Ma18, Well Block Ma131, and Well Block Aihu2 are selected as the research objects. The CTS, HPMI, CMI, NMR, and digital cores are used to systematically analyze the reservoir micro pore structure characteristics, identify the differences between different reservoir types, and optimize the corresponding micro pore structure characteristic parameters for reservoir classification. The results show that the pore types of the low permeability conglomerate reservoir in the Baikouquan Formation of the Mahu Sag are mainly intragranular dissolved pores and residual intergranular pores, accounting for 93.54%, microfractures and shrinkage pores that are locally developed, accounting for 5.63%, and other pore types that are less developed, accounting for only 0.83%. On the basis of clear pore types, the conglomerate reservoir of the Baikouquan Formation is divided into four types based on the physical properties and microscopic pore structure parameters. Different reservoir types have good matching relationships with lithologies. Sandy-grain-supported conglomerate, gravelly coarse sandstone, sandy-gravelly matrix-supported conglomerate, and argillaceous-supported conglomerate correspond to type I, II, III, and IV reservoirs, respectively. From type I to type IV, the corresponding microscopic pore structure parameters show regular change characteristics, among which, porosity and permeability gradually decrease, displacement pressure and median pressure increase, maximum pore throat radius, median radius, and average capillary radius decrease, and pore structure becomes worse overall. Apparently, determining the reservoir type, clarifying its fluid migration rule, and formulating a reasonable development plan can substantially enhance the oil recovery rate of low permeability conglomerate reservoirs.
Salinity is a pressing and widespread abiotic stress, adversely affecting agriculture productivity and plant growth worldwide. Seed germination is the most critical stage to seedling growth and ...establishing plant species in harsh environments, including saline stress. However, seed germination characteristics and stress tolerance may vary among geographical locations, such as various provenances. Suaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall. (S. salsa) is a halophytic plant that exhibits high salt tolerance and is often considered a pioneer species for the restoration of grasslands. Understanding the germination characteristics and stress tolerance of the species could be helpful in the vegetation restoration of saline–alkali land. In this study, we collected S. salsa seeds from seven different saline–alkali habitats (S1–S7) in the Songnen Plain region to assess the germination and seedling growth responses to NaCl, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3, and to observe the recovery of seed germination after relieving the salt stress. We observed significant differences in germination and seedling growth under three salt stresses and among seven provenances. Resistance to Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 stress was considerably higher during seedling growth than seed germination, while the opposite responses were observed for NaCl resistance. Seeds from S1 and S7 showed the highest tolerance to all three salt stress treatments, while S6 exhibited the lowest tolerance. Seeds from S2 exhibited low germination under control conditions, while low NaCl concentration and pretreatment improved germination. Ungerminated seeds under high salt concentrations germinated after relieving the salt stress. Germination of ungerminated seeds after the abatement of salt stress is an important adaptation strategy for black S. salsa seeds. While seeds from most provenances regerminated under NaCl, under Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, only seeds from S4 and S7 regerminated. These findings highlight the importance of soil salinity in the maternal environment for successful seed germination and seedling growth under various salinity-alkali stresses. Therefore, seed sources and provenance should be considered for vegetation restoration.
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a largely incurable hematological malignancy, is derived from aberrant clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) that persist after conventional therapies. ...Defining the mechanisms underlying MDS HSPC maintenance is critical for developing MDS therapy. The deacetylase SIRT1 regulates stem cell proliferation, survival, and self-renewal by deacetylating downstream proteins. Here we show that SIRT1 protein levels were downregulated in MDS HSPCs. Genetic or pharmacological activation of SIRT1 inhibited MDS HSPC functions, whereas SIRT1 deficiency enhanced MDS HSPC self-renewal. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of SIRT1 were dependent on TET2, a safeguard against HSPC transformation. SIRT1 deacetylated TET2 at conserved lysine residues in its catalytic domain, enhancing TET2 activity. Our genome-wide analysis identified cancer-related genes regulated by the SIRT1/TET2 axis. SIRT1 activation also inhibited functions of MDS HSPCs from patients with TET2 heterozygous mutations. Altogether, our results indicate that restoring TET2 function through SIRT1 activation represents a promising means to target MDS HSPCs.
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•SIRT1 depletion enhances MDS HSPC self-renewal and growth•SIRT1 insufficiency in MDS promotes TET2 hyperacetylation•SIRT1 agonist treatment blocks MDS HSPC maintenance•SIRT1 activation deacetylates TET2 and enhances its catalytic activity
An improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) growth and self-renewal is critical for developing MDS therapy. Sun et al. report that SIRT1 deficiency-induced TET2 hyperacetylation promotes MDS HSPC function and provides an approach to target MDS HSPCs by activating SIRT1 deacetylase.
Cardiac fibrosis is a major cause of heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRs) are important epigenetic regulators of cardiac function and cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac fibrosis. This study aimed ...to explore the role of miR‐503 and its mechanisms in regulating cardiac fibrosis. miR‐503 was found up‐regulated in the mouse LV tissues subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and in neonatal cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) cultured with Angiotension II. The role of miR‐503 in regulating CF cell proliferation and/or collagen production in mice neonatal CFs were determined using an MTT assay and RT‐PCR respectively. Forced expression of miR‐503 increased the cellular proliferation and collagen production in mice neonatal CFs. The effects were abrogated by cotransfection with AMO‐503 (a specific inhibitor of miR‐503). Injection of antagomiR‐503 elevated cardiac function and inhibited the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β in the TAC mice. Additional analysis revealed that Apelin‐13 is a direct target of miR‐503, as the overexpression of miR‐503 decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Apelin‐13. In the CFs with pre‐treatment of AngII, we transfected AMO‐503 into the cells treated with siRNA‐APLN. siRNA‐APLN abolished the effects of AMO‐503 on the production of collagen I and III and the expression of TGF‐β and CTGF. Furthermore, pre‐treatment of CFs with Apelin‐13 (1–100 nmol/l) inhibited angiotensin II‐mediated collagen production and activation of CTGF and TGF‐β. So we conclude that miR‐503 promotes cardiac fibrosis via miR‐503‐Apelin‐13‐TGF‐β‐CTGF‐collagen production pathway. Thus, miR‐503 is a promising therapeutic target for reducing cardiac fibrosis.
•This is the first report about study on the pathogenicity of TMUV in geese.•Severe signs, lesions and higher viral loads were observed in younger geese.•Geese infected with TMUV intravenously was ...more severe than geese intranasally.•Severity of signs and lesions, viral loads reached the peak at 6 dpi in geese.•Younger geese were more susceptible to TMUV than the older.
Duck Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging flavivirus that has caused variable levels of outbreaks in poultry in recent years. In order to study the effect of age and inoculation routes on the TMUV infection, one hundred healthy domestic 5-day-old and 20-day-old goslings were equally divided into five groups and four experimental groups of goslings were infected with the TMUV-SDSG strain by intravenous and intranasal routes, respectively. Severe clinical signs were observed in goslings infected at 5 days of age, including listlessness, growth retardation, severe neurological dysfunction and even death. However, goslings infected at 20 days of age showed mild symptoms and no mortality. The severity of gross lesions gradually reduced as goslings matured. The severe histopathological changes were observed in 5-day-old infected goslings, including cerebral edema, viral encephalitis, myocardial necrosis, hepatic steatosis, spleen lymphoid cell depletion, pancreatic epithelial cell shedding and interstitial hemorrhage. However, 20-day-old infected goslings showed mild histopathological changes. Viral loads in different tissues were detected by the SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay. The level of viral loads in most of tissues 5-day-old infected goslings was higher than that of 20-day-old infected goslings, correlating with the severity of clinical symptoms and lesions in these tissues. 20-day-old infected goslings developed significantly higher serum neutralizing antibody titers than 5-day-old infected goslings. Furthermore, goslings infected with TMUV intravenously demonstrated more severe clinical signs, lesions and higher viral loads in tissues than those of goslings infected with TMUV intranasally. Therefore, age and inoculation routes can affect the pathogenicity of TMUV in geese and younger geese are more susceptible to the virus. Age and inoculation route factors should be considered in study of the pathogenicity, pathogenesis, folumation of prevention and therapy strategies of TMUV infection in geese.
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