•Possible reaction paths for the preparation of ACFs from liquefied wood were proposed.•Some incompletely liquefied substances decomposed during carbonization.•Reactions between KOH and carbon began ...at 530°C.•The main gaseous products were H2, H2O, CH4, CO, CO2.
In this study, wood-based fibers were used as raw materials to prepare activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by carbonization at 500°C followed KOH activation at 850°C process. The structure of the fibers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Besides, the volatiles of the final products were determined by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and titration. The reaction mechanisms were consequently deduced. In the first carbonization process, it was mainly related to substitution, scission, and oxidization reactions of methylene. And in the second activation process, KOH and carbon began to react at 530°C, resulting in potassium compounds, which further reacted with carbon. Meanwhile, temperature elevation caused polycyclic reactions, which made the ACFs a graphite-like microcrystalite structure.
Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with different pore structure have been prepared from wood sawdust using the KOH activation method. A study was conducted to examine the influence of the activation ...parameters (temperature, alkali/carbon ratio, and time) on the morphology and structure of the as-prepared ACFs developed in the process of pore generation and evolution. Activation temperature was very essential for the formation of utramicropores (<0.6 nm), which greatly contributed to the electric double layer capacitance. The significance of metallic potassium vapor evolved when the temperature was above 800 °C, since the generation of 0.8- and 1.1 nm micropores cannot be ignored. When the the KOH/fiber ratio was increased and the activation time was prolonged, to some extent, the micropores were enlarged to small mesopores within 2–5 nm. The sample with the optimal condition exhibited the highest specific capacitance (225 F g–1 at a current density of 0.5 A g–1). Its ability to retain capacitance corresponding to 10 A g–1 and 6 M KOH was 85.3%, demonstrating a good rate capability. With 10 000 charge–discharge cycles at 3 A g–1, the supercapacitor kept 94.2% capacity, showing outstanding electrochemical performance as promising electrode material.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects more than 1.2 billion individuals globally. In addition to anemia, reactive thrombocytosis is also a common clinical hematological condition in patients with IDA. ...However, some case reports have described the thrombotic complications in association with IDA-induced thrombocytosis. Patients with a high risk of thrombosis need prompt identification and effective treatment to prevent thrombotic complications. While iron replacement treatment has been shown to decrease platelet count in this context, there is limited published evidence on how iron supplementation affects the thrombocytosis caused by IDA. We retrospectively examined the clinical records of 440 patients with IDA from an RCT completed from 1 January 2016, to 30 December 2017, and data obtained from this study was used for post hoc analysis to examine the effect of iron on platelet count in IDA-induced thrombocytosis.
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) platelet counts of the 440 patients with IDA was 310.23 ± 98.72 × 10
9
/L. With baseline platelet counts>450 × 10
9
/L as the cutoff for thrombocytosis, patients were divided into 2 groups: 36 (8.1%) in the IDA with thrombocytosis group (mean ± SD platelet count, 521.67 ± 73.85 × 10
9
/L) and the remaining 404 in the IDA without thrombocytosis group (mean ± SD platelet count, 291.39 ± 76.11 × 10
9
/L).
Differences were found in baseline characteristics including white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) level, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum iron (SI) level, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) between the two groups (P < .05). From baseline to 8 weeks of continuous iron supplementation treatment, the mean platelet counts in both groups were decreased at 2-week treatment intervals. And in the IDA with thrombocytosis group, half of the patients resolved thrombocytosis after 2 weeks of iron supplementation, and the counts of all patients with thrombocytosis decreased below 450 × 10
9
/L within 6 weeks.
In conclusion, the rate of reactive thrombocytosis in patients with IDA was 8.1%. IDA patients with thrombocytosis showed more severe anemia, lower ferritin, and more advanced iron deficiency than those without thrombocytosis. Platelet counts of half of the patients with thrombocytosis reduced below cut off of 450 × 10
9
/L for thrombocytosis after 2 weeks of treatment, and all patients resolved thrombocytosis after 6 weeks. Our study provided clinical evidence for more effective and individualized iron management in the future. IDA patients with thrombocytosis should take active iron treatment and increase follow-up frequency to prevent thrombotic events. For patients with persistent thrombocytosis, a concomitant clonal process should be considered.
Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were successfully prepared from softwood lignin, which was isolated with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) as a solvolysis reagent, by water steam activation. The pore ...characterization and adsorption property of ACFs were investigated. The results showed that all the ACFs with more micropores exhibited high specific surface area and total pore volume which increased with the activation time prolonging; the highest ones were around 3100 m²/g and 1.5 mL/g, respectively. The specific surface area and total pore volume were much larger than those of other types of lignin-based ACFs and activated charcoal. Besides, with increasing activation time, the amount of graphitic carbon, which was the main compound on the surface of ACFs, decreased, while the amount of functional groups containing C⁻O slightly increased. In addition, the adsorption capacity of ACFs for methylene blue was highly increased as the activation time increased. Accordingly, lignin isolated with PEG is a promising precursor for ACF production.
The nucleoside analogs decitabine (5-AZA-dC) and azacitidine (5-AZA) have been developed as targeted therapies to reverse DNA methylation in different cancer types, and they significantly improve the ...survival of patients who are not suitable for traditional intensive chemotherapies or other treatment regimens. However, approximately 50% of patients have a response to hypomethylating agents (HMAs), and many patients have no response originally or in the process of treatment. Even though new combination regimens have been tested to overcome the resistance to 5-AZA-dC or 5-AZA, only a small proportion of patients benefited from these strategies, and the outcome was very poor. However, the mechanisms of the resistance remain unknown. Some studies only partially described management after failure and the mechanisms of resistance. Herein, we will review the clinical and molecular signatures of the HMA response, alternative treatment after failure, and the causes of resistance in hematological malignancies.
In this study, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were prepared from liquefied wood by chemical activation with ZnCl2, with a particular focus on the effects of temperature and ZnCl2: liquefied ...wood-based fiber (LWF) ratio on yield, porous texture, and surface chemistry. The characterization and properties of these ACFs were investigated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When using a 6:1 impregnation ratio, the specific surface area (SBET) of the resultant ACFs was as high as 1423 m2/g. The effect of an increase in impregnation ratio on the porosity of ACFs was stronger than that of an increase in the activation temperature. However, the former had a weaker impact on the surface chemistry and structure. It was also found that the yields of ACFs obtained by ZnCl2 activation were higher than those obtained by physical activation. Besides, the prepared ACFs presented higher adsorption than other raw materials in the adsorption test, indicating that ACFs prepared from LWF by ZnCl2 activation could be used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of medium size organic compounds.
Heat treatment of wood is an attractive, environmentally friendly modification, which can change surface visual properties of wood including color and grain, but it is unclear how heat-treated wood ...is perceived and evaluated compared with untreated wood. In this paper, Chinese fir was heat-treated at 160, 180, 200, or 220 °C for 2 or 4 h. The changes of wood surface color and grain contrast were measured. A subjective questionnaire and eye-tracking technology were used for psychological evaluation. The results showed that changes in the visual properties of heat-treated wood had a significant effect on psychological preference—heat-treated wood was generally more preferred than the untreated, particularly at 200 °C for 4 h. Grain contrast and hue played an important role in the preference for heat-treated wood. The preference gave people the positive psychological impression of warmth, weight, cost, prevalence, and comfort. Eye-tracking analysis showed that Chinese fir heat-treated at about 200 °C with high hue value and clear grain contrast was easier to gain more visual attention. The results would have a high technical reference value for the heat-treated wood in product visual design.
To develop more valuable application, oil palm trunk was successfully converted into activated carbon fibers (ACFs). An effective process of chemical treatment with dilute sulfuric acid was conducted ...to improve the thermal stability of primary fibers for further heating treatment. Carbon dioxide (CO
) was used as activator to produce much porous structure with various pore diameter. The specific surface area (S
) and total pore volume (V
) of resultant ACFs showed increasing trend as rise of activation temperature and time. The ACFs obtained under the temperature of 900 °C and time of 90 min exhibited highest S
and V
, which were more than 1800 m
/g and 0.7 mL/g, respectively. Meanwhile, more graphic carbon on the surface of ACFs were destroyed with prolonging activation time, resulting in the oxygen-containing functional groups formed during activation process with CO
. Due to the abundant pores and surface functional groups, the ACFs exhibited excellent adsorption capacity of chromium and would be an alternative material for industrial adsorption utilization.
Great progress has been made in the exploration of tight sandstone gas resources in Kuqa depression. Great progress has been made in Dibei structural belt, which proves the previously unproven ...favorable area for tight sandstone gas. The physical properties, controlling factors, and characteristics of tight sandstone from the Ahe (J1a) Formation in the Dibei gas reservoir are analyzed. The results show that the tight sandstone of the J1a Formation is mainly feldspar lithic sandstone, with low porosity (average 9.1%) and low permeability (average 0.09 mD). Compaction (average compaction rate 61.9%) reduces porosity more than cementation (average cementation rate 14.3%). Secondary dissolution pores (average thin section porosity is 3.4%) dominate. The homogenization temperature has two peaks; the first peak is 85–110 °C, and the other peak is 115–140 °C, indicating that oil and gas experienced two filling stages at 12 Ma and 4.5 Ma, respectively. Eodiagenesis, A substage of mesogenetic diagenesis, and B substage of mesogenetic diagenesis happened in the area. Tight sandstone is developed in the B substage of mesogenetic diagenesis. The main controlling factors of diagenesis are: strong dissolution and structural pore increase; oil and gas charging and overpressure. The reservoir forming mode of the Dibei gas reservoir is: crude oil filling in the Late Neogene (12 Ma); reservoir densification in the late deposition of Kangcun Formation (7 Ma), mature natural gas filling in the early deposition of Kuqa Formation (4.5 Ma), and gas reservoir formed after transformation and adjustment in the deposition period of Quaternary (2 Ma). According to this model, it is predicted that the favorable area of the Dibei gas reservoir is in the southeast of the Yinan 2 well. This study provides guidance for the study of tight sandstone gas in other areas of the Kuqa Depression.
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