Landslides are natural phenomena that can cause great loss of life and damage to property. A landslide susceptibility map is a useful tool to help with land management in landslide-prone areas. A ...support vector machine (SVM) is a machine learning algorithm that uses a small number of samples for prediction and has been widely used in recent years. This paper presents a review of landslide susceptibility mapping using SVM. It presents the basic concept of SVM and its application in landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping. Then it compares the SVM method with four other methods (analytic hierarchy process, logistic regression, artificial neural networks and random forests) used in landslide susceptibility mapping. The application of SVM in landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping is discussed and suggestions for future research are presented. Compared with some of the methods commonly used in landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping, SVM has its strengths and weaknesses owing to its unique theoretical basis. The combination of SVM and other techniques may yield better performance in landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping. A high-quality informative database is essential and classification of landslide types prior to landslide susceptibility assessment is important to help improve model performance.
•Comparing different landslide susceptibility mapping models from various aspects•Reconsidering the assumptions used in building the model.•Proposing future works by SVM to assess landslide susceptibility.
Background and Aims
Aristolochic acid (AA) exposure has been statistically associated with human liver cancers. However, direct evidence of AA exposure–induced liver cancer is absent. This study aims ...to establish a direct causal relationship between AA exposure and liver cancers based on a mouse model and then explores the AA‐mediated genomic alterations that could be implicated in human cancers with AA‐associated mutational signature.
Approach and Results
We subjected mice, including phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten)‐deficient ones, to aristolochic acid I (AAI) alone or a combination of AAI and CCl4. Significantly, AAI exposure induced mouse liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and combined HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, AAI exposure also enhanced tumorigenesis in these CCl4‐treated or Pten‐deficient mice. AAI led to DNA damage and AAI‐DNA adduct that could initiate liver cancers through characteristic adenine‐to‐thymine transversions, as indicated by comprehensive genomic analysis, which revealed recurrent mutations in Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene. Interestingly, an AA‐associated mutational signature was mainly implicated in human liver cancers, especially from China. Moreover, we detected the AAI‐DNA adduct in 25.8% (16/62) of paratumor liver tissues from randomly selected Chinese patients with HCC. Furthermore, based on phylogenetic analysis, the characteristic mutations were found in the initiating malignant clones in the AA‐implicated mouse and human liver cancers where the mutations of tumor protein p53 and Janus kinase 1 were prone to be significantly enriched in the AA‐affected human tumors.
Conclusions
This study provides evidence for AA‐induced liver cancer with the featured mutational processes during malignant clonal evolution, laying a solid foundation for the prevention and diagnosis of AA‐associated human cancers, especially liver cancers.
Since the reform and opening up, the prosperity of culture has always been the strong desire of the party and the country, and repeatedly put forward the goal of improving the public cultural service ...system (PCSS), requiring priority development of infrastructure construction related to the vital cultural interests of the people. Urban cultural facilities (UCF) are an important material basis in the cultural service system. The essential assurance for achieving the goal of developing a PCSS that covers the entire community is to improve the layout of cultural facilities (CF) and to allocate CF in a scientific and reasonable manner. This research examines the geographical layout characteristics of CF in Xiamen using POI data from libraries, art galleries, and museums crawled by Baidu API and spatial statistical tools such as ArcGIS. Taking the interest points of cultural promote serving residents as research objects, the advancement of spatial pattern of CF in Zhengzhou in 2007 and 2017 was quantitatively analyzed by using standard deviation ellipse and kernel density analysis. The paper compares and analyzes the location distribution characteristics of museums, libraries, cultural centers, art galleries and theaters from two aspects of macro spatial form and microgathering center. Residents’ behavioral characteristics are introduced to examine the influence on the spatial form of CF, and appropriate suggestions are made for the planning and development of CF in Zhengzhou, based on large-scale field survey data and geographical detectors. This article, on the analysis of the state and international public facilities location layout on the basis of optimization study, starting from the present circumstances of urban public sports facilities layout, puts forward the geographic information system (GIS) technology and local approximation (LA) model is introduced into urban public sports service facility location, using DNSCAN network analysis function of urban public sports facilities in site selection and layout optimization, Provide a new method for site selection of sports facilities. And the actual case analysis, in order to provide a reference for the future location layout of public service facilities. Zhengzhou cultural resources through the establishment of GIS database, investigation, cultural needs, put forward the planning should not only include public CF, CF planning should also include the cultural heritage, cultural creative industry, and put forward the development strategy of the construction of the overall urban culture network, realize the cultural space planning and career planning, the fusion of the culture industry planning.
Although nanorobots may play critical roles for many applications in the human body, such as targeting tumoral lesions for therapeutic purposes, miniaturization of the power source with an effective ...onboard controllable propulsion and steering system have prevented the implementation of such mobile robots. Here, we show that the flagellated nanomotors combined with the nanometer-sized magnetosomes of a single magnetotactic bacterium can be used as an effective integrated propulsion and steering system for devices, such as nanorobots, designed for targeting locations only accessible through the smallest capillaries in humans while being visible for tracking and monitoring purposes using modern medical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging. Through directional and magnetic field intensities, the displacement speeds, directions, and behaviors of swarms of these bacterial actuators can be controlled from an external computer.
Background & Aims Immunoprophylaxis reduces but does not completely eradicate hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. This prospective study aims at assessing the rate and risk factors of maternally ...transmitted HBV infection. Methods We enrolled 303 mother-infant pairs with positive maternal hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) under current immunization program. Maternal viral load was determined by a real-time PCR-based assay. The children were tested for HBsAg at 4–8 months and/or 1–3 years of age. Rates of HBV infection were estimated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results HBeAg-positive mothers (81/303, 26.7%) had higher viral loads than HBeAg-negative mothers (7.4 ± 1.9 vs. 2.7 ± 1.4 log10 copies/ml, p <0.0001). Ten children, born to HBeAg-positive mothers with high viral load (median, 8.4; range, 6.5–9.5 log10 copies/ml), were chronically infected. After adjustment for maternal age, birth type, factors related to maternal-fetal hemorrhage, gestational age, infant gender, birth weight, timeliness of vaccination, and feeding practice, maternal viral load was significantly associated with risk of infection (adjusted odds ratio for each log10 copy/ml increase, 3.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.63–7.48; p = 0.001). The predictive rates of infection at maternal viral load levels of 7, 8, and 9 log10 copies/ml were 6.6% (95% CI, 0.5–12.6%; p = 0.033), 14.6% (95% CI, 5.6–23.6%; p = 0.001), and 27.7% (95% CI, 13.1–42.4%; p <0.001), respectively. Conclusions Additional strategies to further reduce transmission should be considered in mothers with a viral load above 7–8 log10 copies/ml.
Time-variant reliability analysis (TRA) has drawn tremendous interest of engineers attributable to its ability in assessing the probability that a system performs its intended function over the time ...interval of interest. This paper proposes a new simulation method for TRA by combining moment-based Hermite polynomial model (HPM) and importance sampling (IS). By evaluating the statistical moments of limit state function (LSF) and using moment-based HPM, the LSF is transformed into a moment-based equivalent Gaussian process. Then, based on the concept of the composite limit state, the time-variant reliability problem is equivalent to solving a multi-dimensional Gaussian integral. To improve the computational efficiency, an efficient updating strategy is proposed to simultaneously construct Kriging models for both the mean value function and auto-correlation function of this process. Meanwhile, an efficient IS method is also developed to combine Expansion Optimal Linear Estimation for solving multi-dimensional Gaussian integral. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated through three numerical examples involving nonlinear LSFs and non-stationary non-Gaussian processes.
The efficacy and safety of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in reducing mother‐to‐infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmissions is not clearly understood. We conducted a prospective, ...multicenter trial and enrolled 118 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)– and hepatitis B e antigen–positive pregnant women with HBV DNA ≥7.5 log10 IU/mL. The mothers received no medication (control group, n = 56, HBV DNA 8.22 ± 0.39 log10 IU/mL) or TDF 300 mg daily (TDF group, n = 62, HBV DNA 8.18 ± 0.47 log10 IU/mL) from 30‐32 weeks of gestation until 1 month postpartum. Primary outcome was infant HBsAg at 6 months old. At delivery, the TDF group had lower maternal HBV DNA levels (4.29 ± 0.93 versus 8.10 ± 0.56 log10 IU/mL, P < 0.0001). Of the 121/123 newborns, the TDF group had lower rates of HBV DNA positivity at birth (6.15% versus 31.48%, P = 0.0003) and HBsAg positivity at 6 months old (1.54% versus 10.71%, P = 0.0481). Multivariate analysis revealed that the TDF group had lower risk (odds ratio = 0.10, P = 0.0434) and amniocentesis was associated with higher risk (odds ratio 6.82, P = 0.0220) of infant HBsAg positivity. The TDF group had less incidence of maternal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above two times the upper limit of normal for ≥3 months (3.23% versus 14.29%, P = 0.0455), a lesser extent of postpartum elevations of ALT (P = 0.007), and a lower rate of ALT over five times the upper limit of normal (1.64% versus 14.29%, P = 0.0135) at 2 months postpartum. Maternal creatinine and creatinine kinase levels, rates of congenital anomaly, premature birth, and growth parameters in infants were comparable in both groups. At 12 months, one TDF‐group child newly developed HBsAg positivity, presumably due to postnatal infection and inefficient humoral responses to vaccines. Conclusions: Treatment with TDF for highly viremic mothers decreased infant HBV DNA at birth and infant HBsAg positivity at 6 months and ameliorated maternal ALT elevations. (Hepatology 2015;62:375–386
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) have attracted increasing research interest recently; however, their output performance is severely hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the methanol oxidation ...reaction (MOR) at the anode. Herein, unique hierarchical Pt-In NWs with uneven surface and abundant high-index facets are developed as efficient MOR electrocatalysts in acidic electrolytes. The developed hierarchical Pt
In
NWs exhibit high MOR mass activity and specific activity of 1.42 A mg
and 6.2 mA cm
, which are 5.2 and 14.4 times those of Pt/C, respectively, outperforming most of the reported MORs. In chronoamperometry tests, the hierarchical Pt
In
NWs demonstrate a longer half-life time than Pt/C, suggesting the better CO tolerance of Pt
In
NWs. After stability, the MOR activity can be recovered by cycling. XPS, CV measurement and CO stripping voltammetry measurements demonstrate that the outstanding catalytic activity may be attributed to the facile removal of CO due to the presence of In site-adsorbing hydroxyl species.
Reasonable carbon price can effectively promote the low-carbon transformation of economy. The future carbon price has an important guiding significance for enterprises and the country. However, the ...nonlinear and high noise characteristics inherent in carbon price make them challenging to predict accurately. A hybrid decomposition and integration prediction model is proposed using the Hodrick-Prescott filter, an improved grey model and an extreme learning machine to solve this problem. First, a large number of factors that influence carbon price are collected by meta-analysis. The final input is selected through a two-stage feature selection process. Second, the HP filter is used to decompose the input into long-term trends and short-term fluctuations predicted by the improved GM and ELM, respectively. Finally, the two prediction sequences are compared to obtain the final result. European Union Allowances futures price data are applied for empirical analysis. The results show that the prediction performance of this model is better than the other 10 benchmark models, the T-bill, Stoxx50, S&P clean energy index and Brent oil price in the financial and energy markets are helpful in the carbon price's prediction. T-bill affects carbon price frequently, Stoxx50 has a negative correlation with the carbon price in the influence period. Under normal circumstances, the S&P clean energy index is positively correlated with the carbon price. However, when the economic situation is depressed, resulting in a short-term negative correlation between them. In general, carbon market is significantly affected by cross spill over between different markets. The method not only improves the accuracy of carbon price forecast, but also the application of the improved GM explains the reasons for the change of carbon price, which is helpful to promote the realization of carbon neutralization by market-oriented means.
Fig. HP filter based on VGM-ELM hybrid forecasting model. Display omitted
•A multi-factor decomposition and integration carbon price forecasting model•An improved GM is developed to predict the long-term trend of carbon prices.•Brent oil prices, S&P clean energy, T-bill and Stoxx-50 index generally affect carbon prices.•Prediction weight of carbon price influencers and time-varying impact analysis•Policy recommendations on reducing carbon emissions and guiding carbon market's investors based on the forecasting model
Interleukin-6 as a therapeutic target Rossi, Jean-François; Lu, Zhao-Yang; Jourdan, Michel ...
Clinical cancer research,
03/2015, Letnik:
21, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Human IL6 is a cytokine produced by many cell types that has pleiotropic effects. In agreement, anti-IL6 therapy reduces inflammation, hepatic acute phase proteins, and anemia and has antiangiogenic ...effects. Blocking IL6 has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy with drug registration in Castleman disease and inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis) without major toxicity. Interestingly, the inhibition of C-reactive protein (CRP) production is a trustworthy surrogate marker of anti-IL6 therapy efficacy. Clinically registered IL6 inhibitors include siltuximab, an anti-IL6 mAb, and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6R mAb. In various cancers, in particular plasma cell cancers, large randomized trials showed no efficacy of IL6 inhibitors, despite a full inhibition of CRP production in treated patients in vivo, the numerous data showing an involvement of IL6 in these diseases, and initial short-term treatments demonstrating a dramatic inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vivo. A likely explanation is the plasticity of cancer cells, with the presence of various subclones, making the outgrowth of cancer subclones possible using growth factors other than IL6. In addition, current therapeutic strategies used in these cancers already target IL6 activity. Thus, anti-IL6 therapeutics are able to neutralize IL6 production in vivo and are safe and useful in inflammatory diseases and Castleman disease.
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