Flexible electronic skins (e‐skins) play a very important role in the development of human–machine interaction and wearable devices. To fully mimic the functions of human skin, e‐skins should be able ...to perceive multiple external stimuli (such as temperature, touch, and friction) and be resistant to injury. However, both objectives are highly challenging. The fabrication of multifunctional e‐skins is difficult because of the complex lamination scheme and the integration of different sensors. The design of skin‐like materials is hindered by the trade‐off problem between flexibility, toughness, and self‐healing ability. Herein, flexible sodium methallyl sulfonate functionalized poly(thioctic acid) polymer chains are combined with rigid conductive polyaniline rods through ionic bonds to obtain a solvent‐free polymer conductive gel. The conductive gel has a modulus similar to that of skin, and shows good flexibility, puncture‐resistance, notch‐insensitivity, and fast self‐healing ability. Moreover, this conductive gel can convert changes in temperature and strain into electrical signal changes, thus leading to multifunctional sensing performance. Based on these superior properties, a flexible e‐skin sensor is prepared, demonstrating its great potential in the wearable field and physiological signal detection.
A new solvent‐free polymer conductive gel is obtained by combining flexible sulfonate‐containing poly(thioctic acid) polymer chains and rigid conductive polyaniline rods. The conductive gel shows good flexibility, puncture‐resistance, notch‐insensitivity, and fast self‐healing ability. Moreover, this conductive gel can convert changes in temperature and strain into electrical signal changes, and thus can be used for multifunctional electronic skin.
Boron‐based adhesives have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their strong adhesive behavior and reversible capacities. However, limited by the humidity sensitivity and poor ...dynamicity, it remains challenging for the boron‐based adhesive materials to realize strong and long‐term adhesion underwater. In this study, a novel boronic ester (BN‐6) with changeable ring strain induced by the heat‐responsive BN coordination bond is designed and synthesized. Due to the low strain of the six‐membered ring at ambient conditions and the high strain of the ten‐membered ring at elevated temperature, BN‐6 exhibits enhanced hydrolytic/thermal stabilities as well as dynamicity. The model dynamic crosslinking polymers containing BN‐6 linkages present significantly improved water‐resistance and recyclability. Specifically, based on the hydrolytically stable whilst kinetically active boronic ester linkage, a strong and recyclable adhesive material is successfully prepared. Long‐term adhesion performance under water and harsh conditions is realized on different substrates, with the maximum adhesion strength of 4.21 MPa. The report provides a novel chemical strategy for designing stable and dynamic boronic ester linkages and the synthesized adhesive has pioneered in the field of long‐term underwater application of boron‐based adhesives.
The authors have synthesized a novel boronic ester with enhanced hydrolytic stability and dynamicity through the reversible transition of ring strain induced by the heat‐responsive BN coordination. Therefore, the adhesive containing this boronic ester exhibits excellent adhesion strength and repeatable long‐term stability under water and harsh environments, which has broken through the bottleneck of underwater application of boron‐based adhesives.
Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) polymers, whose emission can persist for a long period after photoexcitation, are of great importance for practical applications. Herein, dynamic covalent ...boronic ester linkages with internal B−N coordination are incorporated into a commercial epoxy matrix. The reversible dissociation of B−N bonds upon loading provides an efficient energy dissipation pathway for the epoxy network, while the rigid epoxy matrix can inhibit the quenching of triplet excitons in boronic esters. The obtained polymers exhibit enhanced mechanical toughness (12.26 MJ m−3), ultralong RTP (τ=540.4 ms), and shape memory behavior. Notably, there is no apparent decrease in the RTP property upon prolonged immersion in various solvents because the networks are robust. Moreover, the dynamic bonds endow the polymers with superior reprocessablity and recyclability. These novel properties have led to their potential application for information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting.
Incorporating dynamic covalent boronic ester linkages with internal B−N coordination into a commercial epoxy matrix has led to the fabrication of high‐performance polymer‐based materials with ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence. The polymers show excellent mechanical properties, environmental stability, shape memory, and recyclability, which could be useful for anticounterfeiting, data encryption, and information editing applications.
On the basis of electron–electron self-energy corrections, quasiparticle band structures of Janus MoSSe and WSSe are identified, and the excitonic effects are demonstrated to play a dominate role in ...the optical response. Combining together MoSSe and WSSe monolayers to form vertical heterostructures (VHTs) and lateral heterostructures (LHTs) rarely leads to a simple arithmetic sum of their properties, giving rise to novel and unexpected behaviors. In particular, Rashba polarization can be enhanced in VHTs due to improved out-of-plane electric polarity. In the case of LHTs, photoresponse and absorption coefficients show optical activity in a wide visible light range. It is of interest that both VHTs and LHTs reveal type-II band alignment, enabling the separation of excitons. Besides, grain boundaries (GBs) of large angle (60°) in Janus MoSSe due to chalcogen effects behave as one-dimensional (1D) metallic quantum wires, suggesting the possible formation of 1D electron or hole gas in such electronic heterostructures.
Biodegradable nanoprodrugs, inheriting the antitumor effects of chemotherapy drugs and overcoming the inevitable drawback of side effects on normal tissues, hold promise as next‐generation cancer ...therapy candidates. Biodegradable nanoprodrugs of transferrin‐modified MgO2 nanosheets are developed to selectively deliver reactive oxygen species to cancer cells for molecular dynamic therapy strategy. The nanosheets favor the acidic and low catalase activity tumor microenvironment to react with proton and release nontoxic Mg2+. This reaction simultaneously produces abundant H2O2 to induce cell death and damage the structure of transferrin to release Fe3+, which will react with H2O2 to produce highly toxic ·OH to kill tumor cells.
Biodegradable nanoprodrugs of transferrin‐modified MgO2 nanosheets are developed to selectively deliver reactive oxygen species to cancer cells for molecular dynamic therapy strategy. The nanosheets favor acidic conditions and low catalase activity in the tumor microenvironment to react with protons and release nontoxic Mg2+. This reaction simultaneously produces abundant H2O2 and highly toxic ·OH, which destroys tumor cells.
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•Hydrated GdPO4 nanorods are arranged in order within magnetic chitosan (CS) matrix.•NIR laser irradiated-GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 scaffolds effectively induce tumor apoptosis.•GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 ...scaffolds promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis for bone regeneration.•GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 scaffolds are novel platform against breast cancer bone metastases.
Surgical resection is a traditionally therapeutic strategy against breast cancer-induced bone metastases; however, it may cause cancer recurrence and local bone defects. Herein, Fe3O4 nanoparticles and hydrated GdPO4 nanorods were incorporated in bioactive chitosan (CS) matrix, forming multifunctional GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 scaffolds for tumor photothermal therapy and bone tissue regeneration. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 scaffolds improved near-infrared (NIR) absorption capacity and photothermal conversion efficiency. Under the NIR laser irradiation, the local temperatures around the GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 scaffolds were elevated high enough to stimulate the apoptosis of tumor cells, effectively avoiding postoperative cancer recurrence. The hydrated GdPO4 nanorods served as a novel bioactive component for enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis abilities. The as-released Gd3+ ions from the GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 scaffolds induced the M2 polarization of macrophages for stabilizing as-formed vasculature. The newly formed blood vessels provided oxygen and nutrient for osteogenesis. Moreover, the hydrated GdPO4 nanorods in the scaffolds activated BMP-2/Smad/RUNX2 signaling pathway that facilitated cell proliferation, differentiation and bone tissue regeneration. Hence, the multifunctional GdPO4/CS/Fe3O4 scaffolds enable the photothermal ablation of postoperative residual tumors and subsequent bone defect healing, which may become a promising platform for the therapy of breast cancer bone metastases.
Objectives. Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a serious and life-threatening complication. Following the advent of interventional radiology, subsequent treatment methods for BPF have gradually ...diversified. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the present scenario of interventional treatment and research advancements pertaining to BPF. Methods. Relevant published studies on the interventional treatment of BPF were identified from the PubMed, Sci-Hub, Google Scholar, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases. The included studies better reflect the current status of and progress in interventional treatments for BPF with representativeness, reliability, and timeliness. Studies with similar and repetitive conclusions were excluded. Results. There are many different interventional treatments for BPF that can be applied in cases of BPF with different fistula diameters. Conclusion. The application of interventional procedures for bronchopleural fistula has proven to be safe, efficacious, and minimally invasive. However, the establishment of comprehensive, standardized treatment guidelines necessitates further pertinent research to attain consensus within the medical community. The evolution of novel technologies, tools, techniques, and materials specifically tailored to the interventional management of bronchopleural fistula is anticipated to be the focal point of forthcoming investigations. These advancements present promising prospects for seamless translation into clinical practice and application, thereby potentially revolutionizing patient care in this field.
Highlights
Ultralight 3D NiCo compound@MXene nanocomposites that inherited hollow polyhedral skeleton and excellent conductive network were fabricated.
Excellent electromagnetic absorption ...performance was achieved with optimal RLmin value of − 67.22 dB and ultra-wide EAB of 6.72 GHz under the low filler loading.
Electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption property can be distinctly or slightly regulated by adjusting the filler loading and decoration of Ti
3
C
2
T
x
nanoflakes.
The 3D hollow hierarchical architectures tend to be designed for inhibiting stack of MXene flakes to obtain satisfactory lightweight, high-efficient and broadband absorbers. Herein, the hollow NiCo compound@MXene networks were prepared by etching the ZIF 67 template and subsequently anchoring the Ti
3
C
2
T
x
nanosheets through electrostatic self-assembly. The electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorption property can be distinctly or slightly regulated by adjusting the filler loading and decoration of Ti
3
C
2
T
x
nanoflakes. Based on the synergistic effects of multi-components and special well-constructed structure, NiCo layered double hydroxides@Ti
3
C
2
T
x
(LDHT-9) absorber remarkably achieves unexpected effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.72 GHz with a thickness of 2.10 mm, covering the entire Ku-band. After calcination, transition metal oxide@Ti
3
C
2
T
x
(TMOT-21) absorber near the percolation threshold possesses minimum reflection loss (RL
min
) value of − 67.22 dB at 1.70 mm within a filler loading of only 5 wt%. This work enlightens a simple strategy for constructing MXene-based composites to achieve high-efficient microwave absorbents with lightweight and tunable EAB.
In the natural environment, interactions between species are a common natural phenomena. The mechanisms of interaction between different species are mainly studied using genomic, transcriptomic, ...proteomic, and metabolomic techniques. Metabolomics is a crucial part of system biology and is based on precision instrument analysis. In the last decade, the emerging field of metabolomics has received extensive attention. Metabolomics not only provides a qualitative and quantitative method for studying the mechanisms of interactions between different species, but also helps clarify the mechanisms of defense between the host and pathogen, and to explore new metabolites with various biological activities. This review focuses on the methods and progress of interspecies metabolomics. Additionally, the prospects and challenges of interspecies metabolomics are discussed.
Temperature is a key factor for determining the lifespan of both poikilotherms and homeotherms. It is believed that animals live longer at lower body temperatures. However, the precise mechanism ...remains largely unknown. Here, we report that autophagy serves as a boost mechanism for longevity at low temperature in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The adiponectin receptor AdipoR2 homolog PAQR-2 signaling detects temperature drop and augments the biosynthesis of two ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. These two polyunsaturated fatty acids in turn initiate autophagy in the epidermis, delaying an age-dependent decline in collagen contents, and extending the lifespan. Our findings reveal that the adiponectin receptor PAQR-2 signaling acts as a regulator linking low temperature with autophagy to extend lifespan, and suggest that such a mechanism may be evolutionally conserved among diverse organisms.
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