Cancer stem cell-like side population (SP) cells, which may be responsible for recurrence, tumor metastasis, and resistance to cancer therapy, have been identified and characterized in several types ...of cell lines from gastric cancer. However, there is no report on isolation of SP cells from human gastric cancer cell line HGC-27. This study aims to analyze the proportion of SP cells in HGC-27 cell line, differentiate SP from non-side population (NSP) cells, and determine whether the SP cells have certain biological properties of stem cells.
(1) HGC-27 suspension was prepared and stained with Hoechst33342 and PI for flow cytometric isolation of SP (2). Differences in proliferation and stemness-related gene expression profiles (CD133, CD44, OCT-4, MDR1, EpCAM, and ABCG2) between SP and NSP cells were detected by gastric formation assay and quantitative real-time PCR (3). Oncogenicity of SP and NSP cells was determined in nude mice in vivo.
(1) SP cells accounted for 0.1-1.0% of HGC-27 cells, and decreased to 0% after verapamil inhibition. Using flow cytometry, we sorted 7.5×10⁵ SP cells and most HGC-27 cells were NSP cells (2). Gastric formation assay and MTT demonstrated that there was a significant difference in proliferation between SP and NSP cells. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of genes was significantly higher in SP cells (3). The oncogenicity experiment in nude mice revealed that 105 SP cells were able to form tumors, which demonstrated higher tumorigenicity than non-SP cells.
These results collectively suggested that SP cells from HGC-27 cell line have some cancer stem cell properties and could be used for studying the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, which may contribute to discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
High-fat diet (HFD) intake is commonly related to a substantial risk of cognitive impairment for senior citizens over 65 years of age, which constitutes a profound global health burden with several ...economic and social consequences. It is critical to investigate the effects of long-term HFD consumption on cognitive function and to inspect the potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, 9-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a normal diet (ND, 10 kcal% fat) or an HFD diet (60 kcal% fat) for 10 months. Then a series of behavioral tests, and histological and biochemistry examinations of the hippocampus and cortex proceeded. We found that long-term HFD-fed aged mice exhibited cognitive function decline in the object place recognition test (OPR). Compared with the ND group, the HFD-fed mice showed Tau hyperphosphorylation at ps214 in the hippocampus and at ps422 and ps396 in the cortex, which was accompanied by GSK-3β activation. The higher activated phenotype of microglia in the brain of the HFD group was typically evidenced by an increased average area of the cell body and reduced complexity of microglial processes. Immunoblotting showed that long-term HFD intake augmented the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that long-term HFD intake deteriorates cognitive dysfunctions, accompanied by Tau hyperphosphorylation, microglial activation, and inflammatory cytokine expression, and that the modifiable lifestyle factor contributes to the cognitive decline of senior citizens.
Lard is highly appreciated for its flavor. However, it has not been elucidated how to consume lard while at the same time eliminating its adverse effects on postpartum cognitive function. Female mice ...were divided into three groups (n = 10): soybean oil (SO), lard oil (LO), and a mixture of soybean oil and lard at a ratio of 1:1 (LS). No significant difference was observed between the SO and LS groups in behavioral testing of the maternal mice, but the LO group was significantly worse compared with these two groups. Moreover, the SO and LS supplementation increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in the brain and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria in feces, thereby mitigating neuroinflammation and lowering the p-ERK(1/2)/ERK(1/2), p-CREB/CREB, and BDNF levels in the brain compared to the LO group. Collectively, the LS group inhibited postpartum cognitive impairment by regulating the brain fatty acid composition, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota, and the SCFA/ERK(1/2)/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway compared to lard.
Display omitted
•Nannochloropsis gaditana polysaccharides (NPS) were riched in ribose.•NPS restored the microflora balance by increasing the levels of probiotics.•NPS restored the microflora balance ...by suppressing the Alistips level.•NPS improved the level of PC/PE and ceramide in serum to improve dyslipidemia.
Mining the nutritional function of Nannochloropsis gaditana is crucial for its development and utilization. This study evaluated the protective effect of purified Nannochloropsis gaditana polysaccharides (NPS) on alcohol-induced dyslipidemia. The study used a liquid alcohol diet and an NPS intervention of 200 mg/kg.bw and 400 mg/kg.bw for 5 weeks. Compared with the model group (MC), the NPS group had a lower triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). The relative abundance of probiotics Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Ligilactobacillus were significantly higher in NPS groups than those in the model group. Compared with the MC, NPS group had higher serum phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine (PC/PE) ratio and lower ceramide. Moreover, the expression of lipidolysis-related genes such as PGC1α and CPT-1A in the NPS group were significantly higher compared to MC. In summary, NPS attenuated ethanol-induced dyslipidemia probably by regualating gut bateria and serum metabolites, which could serve as a potential prebiotic.
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been intensively studied for environmentally benign applications. However, insufficient understanding of ORR 2 e−‐pathway mechanism at the atomic ...level inhibits rational design of catalysts with both high activity and selectivity, causing concerns including catalyst degradation due to Fenton reaction or poor efficiency of H2O2 electrosynthesis. Herein we show that the generally accepted ORR electrocatalyst design based on a Sabatier volcano plot argument optimises activity but is unable to account for the 2 e−‐pathway selectivity. Through electrochemical and operando spectroscopic studies on a series of CoNx/carbon nanotube hybrids, a construction‐driven approach based on an extended “dynamic active site saturation” model that aims to create the maximum number of 2 e− ORR sites by directing the secondary ORR electron transfer towards the 2 e− intermediate is proven to be attainable by manipulating O2 hydrogenation kinetics.
A series of CoNx/carbon nanotube hybrids as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts were studied through electrochemical and operando spectroscopic methods. When cathodically biased, a reconstruction in the symmetry of Co−Nx active sites is discovered, which leads to a shift in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction selectivity from producing water to hydrogen peroxide.
Tight junctions consist of a network of sealing strands that create selective ion permeability barriers between adjoining epithelial or endothelial cells. The current model for tight junction strands ...consists of paired rows of claudins (Cldn) coupled by a
interface (X-1) derived from crystalline Cldn15. Here we show that tight junction strands exhibit a broad range of lateral bending, indicating diversity in
interactions. By combining protein-protein docking, coevolutionary analysis, molecular dynamics, and a mutagenesis screen, we identify a new Cldn-Cldn
interface (Cis-1) that shares interacting residues with X-1 but has an ~ 17° lateral rotation between monomers. In addition, we found that a missense mutation in a Cldn14 that causes deafness and contributes stronger to Cis-1 than to X-1 prevents strand formation in cultured cells. Our results suggest that Cis-1 contributes to the inherent structural flexibility of tight junction strands and is required for maintaining permeability barrier function and hearing.
In existing methods of ISAR imaging with MMV (Multiple Measurement Vector) SBL (Sparse Bayesian Learning), the HRRP is always interpolated radially to realize the column-to-column correspondence ...between HRRP matrix and scattering coefficient matrix, then scattering coefficients are estimated with MMV SBL algorithm. In order to enhance the ability to suppress noise and eliminate stripe interference, a novel MMV SBL algorithm based on bidirectional interpolation (BI-MSBL) is proposed for ISAR imaging in this paper. Besides the radial interpolation and then estimation of scattering coefficients conventionally, the HRRP is also interpolated transversally to realize the row-to-row correspondence between HRRP matrix and scattering coefficient matrix, then scattering coefficients are also estimated with MMV SBL algorithm. So there are two ISAR images can be gained respectively from radially interpolated HRRP and transversally interpolated HRRP. Finally, the two obtained ISAR images are fused to get the final ISAR image. In the experiments, simulated HRRP data and measured HRRP data under different SNRs are used to test the performance of different algorithms, including the conventional R-D (Range-Doppler) algorithm, the MMV SBL algorithm, the PC-MSBL algorithm, and the BI-MSBL algorithm proposed in this paper. Through the comparison among the experimental results, it can be found that the BI-MSBL algorithm is more effective than the other three algorithms in suppressing noise, eliminating stripe interference, and enhancing the clarity of ISAR images. As a shortcoming, the BI-MSBL algorithm needs to work out two estimations of the scattering coefficients, so it needs twice the computation time as that of the MMV SBL algorithm.
It has been suggested that dietary intake of lipids and fatty acids may influence cognitive function, however, the effect of lard intake during pregnancy and postpartum periods on cognitive function ...of mother remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effect and mechanism of consuming soybean oil (SO), the mixed oil of lard and soybean oil at the ratio of 1:1 (LS) and lard oil (LO) during the pregnancy and postpartum periods on cognitive function of the maternal mice. All pregnant C57BL/6JNifdc mice were fed with soybean oil diet during day 0–10 (the day when vaginal plugs appeared in female mice was recorded as day 0), and then randomly assigned to SO, LS and LO groups (n = 10) from day 11 to day 44. The time in center zone and the number of times to enter in center zone were significantly higher in the SO group than in the LO group detected by the open-field test. The levels of neuroglial cells, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex and pyroptosis related proteins in brain of the LO group were significantly higher than those in the SO group. RNA-sequencing results showed that the calcium signaling pathway related genes in brain, including Adcy8, Ntsr1, Trhr, Oxtr, Htr5b and Camk2d levels significantly higher in the LO group than in the SO group. Lipidomic analysis indicated that PG 18:2_18:2, PG 20:5_22:6, and CL 12:0_16:0_22:3_22:5 of glycerophospholipid metabolism in brain significantly connected with Htr5b of calcium signaling pathway. In conclusion, the intake of lard during the pregnancy and postpartum periods is detrimental to the cognitive function of maternal mice, which probably due to changes in the composition of fatty acid in the brain, thereby activating neuroinflammation via calcium signaling pathway in brain.
Display omitted
•Lard altered the brain fatty acid profile and glycerophospholipid metabolism.•Lard could active neuroinflammation via calcium signaling pathway.•Lard has negative effects on the postpartum cognitive function than soybean oil.
Display omitted
When a laser beam induces surface tension gradient at the free surface of a liquid, a weak surface depression is expected and has been observed. Here we report giant depression and ...rupture in “optothermocapillary fluids” under the illumination of laser and sunlight. Computational fluid dynamics models were developed to understand the surface deformation and provided desirable physical parameters of the fluid for maximum deformation. New optothermocapillary fluids were created by mixing transparent lamp oil with different candle dyes. They can be cut open by sunlight and be patterned to different shapes and sizes using an ordinary laser show projector or a common laser pointer. Laser driving and elevation of optothermocapillary fluids, in addition to the manipulation of different droplets on their surface, were demonstrated as an efficient controlling method and platform for optofluidic operations. The fundamental understanding of light-induced giant depression and creation of new optothermocapillary fluids encourage the fundamental research and applications of optofluidics.
PDF
