To determine the potential tumor suppressor functions of ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10) in lung cancer and elucidate underlying molecular mechanism. The relative expression of USP10 was ...determined by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The inhibitory effect of USP10 on tumor growth was demonstrated on allograft mice with Lewis carcinoma cell inoculation. The relative cell proliferation was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The invasive capacity was evaluated by transwell assay. The interaction between USP10 and Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog (PTEN) was examined by co-immunoprecipitation. Ubiquitination/deubiquitination was analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. USP10 was down-regulated in lung cancer. Knockdown of USP10 promotes tumor growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrated that USP10 directly interacted with and stabilized PTEN via deubiquitination. The pro-cancerous effect of USP10 deficiency was abolished by re-introduction of PTEN. We suggested a tumor suppressor function of USP10 in lung cancer via deubiquitinating and stabilizing PTEN.
Objective
Bleomycin is an important chemotherapeutic drug that activates premature senescence to decrease the tumorigenic process. We aimed to investigate the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog ...deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in bleomycin-induced premature senescence in lung cancer cells.
Methods
Human lung cancer A549 cells were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of bleomycin for 5 days. A lentivirus vector was used to silence the PTEN gene, followed by stimulation with bleomycin (1 µg/mL). Changes were evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot.
Results
Treatment with bleomycin induced premature senescence. PTEN expression was decreased and key downstream molecules in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were gradually activated following bleomycin treatment. Silencing PTEN reduced autophagy and accelerated senescence of A549 cells. Autophagy levels were also increased and senescence markers were reduced after inhibiting mTOR.
Conclusions
Downregulation of PTEN mediates bleomycin-induced premature senescence in lung cancer cells by suppressing autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. These findings provide new insights into the potential role of PTEN as a molecular target for cancer chemotherapy.
Purpose
The objective of this was to determine the efficacy of different patterns of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
Materials and method
IPL ...treatment was administered in 124 eyes of 62 patients with MGD-associated dry eye disease (DED). These patients were divided randomly into two groups treated with different IPL patterns. The first group was treated with “Optimal Pulse Technology” (OPT) (
n
= 29) and received three consecutive treatments (10–14 J/cm
2
) with three weeks between treatments. The other group was treated with “Intense Regulated Pulsed Light” (IRPL) (
n
= 33) and received four treatments (9–13 J/cm
2
) on days (D)1, D15, D45, and D75. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), fluorescein breakup time (FTBUT), first and the average of noninvasive keratograph tear breakup times (NIKBUT), Schirmer I tests, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal fluorescent staining (CFS), tear meniscus height (TMH), MG secretion, and dropout were examined before each treatment and at one and three months after treatment.
Results
Compared to baseline, the clinical symptoms and signs in both groups were significantly improved at one and three months after IPL treatment. However, compared to the IRPL group, the OPT-treated group showed significant improvement in the clarity of MG secretions (
P
= 0.001), the number of MGs yielding clear or cloudy liquid secretions (
P
< 0.001), the total MG secretion score (
P
< 0.001) in lower eyelid, the lid margin score in upper (
P
< 0.001) and lower eyelids (
P
= 0.013), the first NIKBUT (
P
= 0.009), and FTBUT (
P
= 0.006).
Conclusions
These results suggest that IPL has significant clinical value in treating patients with MGD. OPT IPL treatment was more effective in improving MG function in lower eyelids and partial tear film signs than IRPL IPL treatment.
Trial Registration
The study was registered at
www.clinicaltrials.gov
, and the clinical trial accession number is NCT02481167.
Purpose
To evaluate the early changes in retinal microcirculation after uncomplicated cataract surgery using an active-fluidics system.
Materials and methods
Patients underwent uncomplicated cataract ...surgery for both eyes were enrolled. The two eyes of the patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the active-fluidics group and the gravity-fluidics group. One eye using an active-fluidics system, and the other using a gravity-fluidics system. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed at 1 day, 7 days, 30 days, and 90 days after surgery.
Results
Fifty eyes (25 patients) were included in the final analysis. A significantly lower cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), estimated fluid usage (EFU), and total aspiration time (TAT) were observed in the active-fluidics group (all
P
<0.05). The superficial vessel density at parafoveal region increased at 7 days and 30 days after cataract surgery in the eyes of both the active-fluidics and gravity-fluidics groups, with the fluctuation in eyes of the gravity-fluidics group more significant. The vessel density of deep capillary plexus remained stable during the follow-up period. Significant changes of retinal thickness in macular region (fovea, parafovea) were observed in eyes of the gravity-fluidics group through the comparison of corresponding values at different time points (
p
= 0.008, 0.005). No significant change in retinal thickness was observed in eyes of the active-fluidics.
Conclusions
Retinal microcirculation and thickness were disturbed after cataract surgery using the gravity-fluidics infusion system. The active-fluidics system not only improved the surgical efficacy but also protected the retinal vasculature during cataract surgery.
Clinical trials registration
: The study has been registered at
www.clinicaltrials.gov
with its clinical trial accession number of NCT0130500.
To observe the change of capsulotomy opening diameter (COD) in aphakic eyes after primary congenital cataract removal and investigate its influencing factors.
Ocular parameters, including corneal ...diameter (CD), axial length (AL), anterior and posterior COD (ACOD, PCOD), and age at surgery were recorded at primary congenital cataract removal and secondary intraocular lens implantation. The concentrations of 15 kinds of cytokines in aqueous humor samples collected at the primary surgery were detected. The change (Δ) of COD between two surgeries were described, and its association was analyzed.
Fifty eyes from 33 patients with congenital cataract who underwent primary and secondary surgery were enrolled. The changes in ACOD and PCOD were not statistically significant on the whole. ΔACOD was positively correlated with ΔCD and the concentrations of PDGF-AA, VEGF and TGF-β1. The concentration of FGF-2 and the interval between two surgeries showed negative correlations with ΔACOD and ΔPCOD.
COD in aphakic eyes kept changing after primary surgery. The positive correlation between ΔACOD and ΔCD manifested the enlargement of ACOD was influenced by lateral eye growth. Meanwhile, ΔACOD was also associated with cytokines, indicating postoperative inflammation promoted the ACOD constriction.
Introduction
The aim of this work is to investigate the dynamic changes of capsular-intraocular lens (IOL) adhesion in plate-haptic hydrophilic and loop-haptic hydrophobic eyes.
Methods
Cataract eyes ...that met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive implantation of a plate-haptic hydrophilic or loop-haptic IOL. The anterior capsular adhesion, posterior capsular adhesion, and the configurations of the capsular bend were evaluated using swept-source optical coherence tomography at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.
Results
In total, 66 eyes of 66 patients were eligible for the analysis: 33 in the plate-haptic group and 33 in the loop-haptic group. The contact between the anterior capsule and IOL in the plate-haptic group was earlier than that in the loop-haptic group upon comparing the measurements taken at 1 day and 1 week (
p
= 0.001,
p
= 0.003, respectively). The complete attachment of the posterior capsule and IOL in the plate-haptic group was significantly greater at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months (
p
= 0.001,
p
= 0.000,
p
= 0.001, respectively). The capsular bend index of the plate-haptic group was significantly greater than that of the loop-haptic group at each time points except at 1 day (
p
= 0.007,
p
= 0.049,
p
= 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, a new type of capsular bend, “cocked adhesion,” was observed in the plate-haptic eyes.
Conclusions
The plate-haptic IOL demonstrated excellent capsular adhesion compared to the loop-haptic IOL, which was probably attributed to haptic compressibility. A special cocked configuration of the capsular bend in plate-haptic IOL was observed for the first time. Further studies are warranted to confirm the effect of the new type of capsular bend.
This study aimed to identify the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative glaucoma-related adverse events at various time points after congenital cataract surgery.
This retrospective cohort ...study enrolled 259 eyes from 174 patients (surgical age ≤ 7 years) who underwent congenital cataract surgery. All surgical procedures were conducted at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between May 2011 and March 2019. Patients were classified into group 1 primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, N = 111 eyes, group 2 (secondary IOL implantation, N = 85 eyes), and group 3 (no IOL implantation, N = 63 eyes). We recorded demographic factors and incidence and risk factors for glaucoma-related adverse events.
Glaucoma-related adverse events occurred in 21 (8.1%) eyes, whereas 27 (10.4%) eyes developed steroid-induced ocular hypertension. The percentage of glaucoma-related adverse events was 0%, 1.2%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 4.0%, and 8.9% at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years after surgery, respectively. Sixteen (18.8%), five (7.9%), and zero eyes developed glaucoma-related adverse events in groups 2, 3, and 1, respectively. Family history of congenital cataract hazard ratio (HR), 50.463; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.051-361.139; P < 0.001, preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) HR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.009-1.034; P = 0.001, preoperative horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) HR, 3.922; 95% CI, 1.558-9.804; P = 0.004, and preoperative lens thickness (LT) HR, 3.745; 95% CI, 1.344-10.417; P = 0.012 were identified as predictors of postoperative glaucoma-related adverse events.
Family history of congenital cataract, thicker preoperative CCT, smaller preoperative HCD, and thinner preoperative LT are the main risk factors of postoperative glaucoma-related adverse events. Regular monitoring of children after cataract surgery with these risk factors may help ophthalmologists detect susceptible individuals and provide timely interventions in the clinic.
Purpose To evaluate the in vivo capsular apposition to the intraocular lens (IOL) in subjects with high myopia by ultralong-scan-depth optical coherence tomography (OCT). Design Prospective ...observational case series. Methods Forty eyes from 40 cataract patients scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery at the Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College were studied, of which 20 eyes were highly myopic (axial length >26 mm) and 20 eyes were emmetropic (22 mm < axial length <24.5 mm). All eyes were examined with a custom-built ultralong-scan-depth OCT at 4 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after surgery. Results Anterior capsule contact with the IOL was significantly delayed in highly myopic eyes. Complete apposition of the posterior capsule with the IOL was significantly less common among highly myopic eyes than in emmetropic eyes (4 vs 16 eyes; P = .001). Posterior capsule adhesion to the IOL was inversely correlated with axial length (r = −0.494, P < .001, nonparametric Spearman test). The 3 types of complete adhesive capsular bend configurations observed were classified as anterior adhesion, middle adhesion, and posterior adhesion. Incomplete adhesion patterns were classified as funnel adhesion, parallel adhesion, and furcate adhesion. Five highly myopic eyes had slight posterior capsule opacification (PCO) at the last follow-up, as did 1 emmetropic eye. Conclusions Ultralong-scan-depth OCT revealed weak capsular adhesion and incompletely adhesive types of capsular bend in highly myopic eyes. These features presumably increase the likelihood of PCO during the early postoperative period.
To investigate the characteristic cytokine profile of the aqueous humor in eyes with congenital cataract and pre-existing posterior capsule dysfunction (PCD).
In this cross-sectional study, the ...enrolled eyes with congenital cataract and PCD were included in the PCD group, while those with an intact posterior capsule were included in the control group. Demographic data and biometric parameters were recorded. The levels of 17 inflammatory factors in the aqueous humor collected from the enrolled eyes were detected using Luminex xMAP technology, and intergroup differences in the collected data were analyzed.
The PCD group comprised 41 eyes from 31 patients with congenital cataract and PCD, whereas the control group comprised 42 eyes from 27 patients with congenital cataract and an intact posterior capsule. Lens thickness was significantly thinner in the PCD group than in the control group. However, the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly higher in the PCD group than in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that lens thickness and TGF-β2 level were independent risk factors for PCD.
A thinner lens thickness in eyes with congenital cataract and PCD could serve as a biometric feature of these eyes. The higher levels of MCP-1, TGF-β2, and VEGF in eyes with PCD indicated a change in their intraocular inflammatory microenvironment, which possibly led to cataract progression. Lens thickness and TGF-β2 level are independent risk factors for PCD.
To explore the effect of corneal spherical aberration on the visual acuity and visual quality of eyes implanted with the TECNIS Symfony intraocular lens (IOL).
A total of 43 patients with age-related ...cataract (60 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification and TECNIS Symfony IOL implantation were enrolled in this study. The uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), near visual acuity (UNVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), contrast sensitivity, and ocular spherical aberration were recorded 3 months after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative corneal spherical aberration were also measured using the iTrace device. Objective scattering index (OSI), modulation transfer function cut-off frequency (MTF cut-off), and Strehl ratio (SR) were measured by the Optical Quality Analyzing System. Catquest-9SF questionnaire were applied too. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between spherical aberration and visual quality parameters.
Patients were satisfied with their postoperatively visual quality. And the postoperative logMAR UDVA, UIVA, UNVA, and CDVA was 0.05 ± 0.07, 0.04 ± 0.06, 0.15 ± 0.07, and 0.03 ± 0.05, respectively. The mean preoperative corneal spherical aberration was 0.24 ± 0.10 μm, which is the only factor influencing postoperatively UNVA, and it was negatively correlated with UNVA and glare contrast sensitivity under 18 cpd (cycle/degree, cpd) spatial frequency (
= -0.403, -0.300, -0.360; all
< 0.05). Additionally, the greater the residual spherical aberration of the cornea, the better the near vision after operation. The mean postoperative ocular spherical aberration was -0.03 ± 0.07 μm, it was not correlated with visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual quality (all
> 0.05).
Preoperative positive spherical aberration can benefit near vision while decrease contrast sensitivities at high spatial frequencies when implanted with the TECNIS Symfony IOL.
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