Since the construction sector, interacting with urbanization and economic growth, boosts energy consumption and CO2 emissions, and so challenges environmental sustainability. This work systematically ...analyzes empirical interactions among construction sector, urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in a modified version of ‘Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology’ model. An aggregate panel of China along with its three disaggregated regional panels is estimated through augmented mean group and dynamic common correlated effects mean group estimators. The core empirics are as follows. First, energy consumption, gross regional product (GRP), urbanization, construction sector, and CO2 emissions established a long-run equilibrium relationship. Second, energy consumption growth, GRP growth, urbanization, and construction sector growth exerted significant positive impacts on CO2 emissions labeled as; energy, growth, urbanization, and construction driven emissions push impacts, respectively. Third, urbanization revealed negative, neutral, and positive contributions to GRP growth for western zone, intermediate zone, and eastern zone termed as; urbanization-driven growth deceleration, neutrality, and acceleration impacts, respectively. Likewise, GRP growth positively influenced urbanization. Fourth, energy consumption growth and construction sector growth exhibited significant positive impacts on GRP growth characterized as; energy and construction driven growth acceleration impacts, respectively. Also, GRP growth imparted a significant positive influence on energy consumption growth and construction sector growth. Fifth, CO2 emissions growth induced a significant negative influence in GRP growth entitled as, emissions-driven growth deceleration impact. Sixth, construction sector growth imparted a significant positive contribution to urbanization named as construction-driven urban migration impact. Whereas, urbanization revealed positive contribution to construction sector growth called as urbanization-driven construction expansion impact. Seventh, urbanization and construction sector growth presented significant positive contributions to energy consumption growth, namely, urbanization and construction abundance driven energy utilization impacts, respectively. Finally, construction sector-augmented Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is found valid. Based on empirics, policy relevance is proposed.
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•By modified STIRPAT tested and found construction sector-augmented EKC to be valid•Found urbanization, construction abundance driven energy utilization impacts•Energy, growth, urbanization, and construction driven emissions push impacts•Construction-driven urban migration impact, urbanization-driven construction expansion impact•Construction, energy, urbanization, emissions driven growth acceleration, neutrality, deceleration impacts
Green building is one of measures been put forward to mitigate significant impacts of the building stock on the environment, society and economy. However, there is lack of a systematic review of this ...large number of studies that is critical for the future endeavor. The last decades have witnessed rapid growing number of studies on green building. This paper reports a critical review of the existing body of knowledge of researches related to green building. The common research themes and methodology were identified. These common themes are the definition and scope of green building; quantification of benefits of green buildings compared to conventional buildings; and various approaches to achieve green buildings. It is found that the existing studies played predominately focus on the environmental aspect of green building. Other dimensions of sustainability of green building, especially the social sustainability is largely overlooked. Future research opportunities were identified such as effects of climatic conditions on the effectiveness of green building assessment tools, validation of real performance of green buildings, unique demands of specific population, and future proofing.
The application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as SERS‐active platforms in multiplex volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection is still unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate that MIL‐100 (Fe) ...serves as an ideal SERS substrate for the detection of VOCs. The limit of detection (LOD) of MIL‐100(Fe) for toluene sensing can reach 2.5 ppm, and can be even further decreased to 0.48 ppb level when “hot spots” in between Au nanoparticles are employed onto MIL‐100 (Fe) substrate, resulting in an enhancement factor of 1010. Additionally, we show that MIL‐100(Fe) substrate has a unique “sensor array” property allowing multiplex VOCs detection, with great modifiability and expandability by doping with foreign metal elements. Finally, the MIL‐100(Fe) platform is utilized to simultaneously detect the different gaseous indicators of lung cancer with a ppm detection limit, demonstrating its high potential for early diagnosis of lung cancer in vivo.
MIL‐100(Fe) is demonstrated to serve as an ideal “SERS‐active” and “sensory array” platform for multiplex sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the gaseous biomarkers of diseases with low Raman cross‐sections.
As a continuation of our previous work, we investigate the weak decays of doubly heavy baryons into a spin-3 / 2 singly or doubly heavy baryon. The light-front approach is adopted to handle the ...dynamics in the transitions, in which the two spectator quarks are approximated as a diquark. Results for the form factors are then used to calculate decay widths of semileptonic and nonleptonic processes. The flavor SU(3) symmetry and symmetry breaking effects in semileptonic decays modes are explored, and we point out that in the charm sector, there are sizable symmetry breaking effects. For nonleptonic decay modes, we study only the factorizable channels induced by external
W
-emission. We find that branching fractions for most 1/2 to 3/2 transitions are approximately one order of magnitude smaller than the corresponding ones for the 1/2 to 1/2 transitions. Parametric uncertainties are also investigated in detail. We suggest our experimental colleagues to search for the 1/2 to 1/2 process
Ξ
cc
+
+
→
Ξ
c
′
+
π
+
and its 1/2 to 3/2 counterpart
Ξ
cc
+
+
→
Ξ
c
′
∗
+
π
+
. Their branching ratios turn out to be around
5.00
%
and
1.02
%
. The former branching ratio is expected to be close to that of the recently discovered
Ξ
cc
+
+
→
Ξ
c
+
π
+
process.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are long, non-coding RNAs that result from the non-canonical splicing of linear pre-mRNAs. However, the characteristics and the critical role of circRNA in ...co-/post-transcriptional regulation were not well recognized until the "microRNA sponge" function of circRNA is discovered. Recent studies have mainly been devoted to the function of the circular RNA sponge for miR-7 (ciRS-7) and sex-determining region Y (SRY) by targeting microRNA-7 (miR-7) and microRNA-138 (miR-138), respectively. In this review, we illustrate the specific role of circRNAs in a wide variety of cancers and in regulating the biological behavior of cancers via miR-7 or miR-138 regulation. Furthermore, circRNA, together with its gene silencing ability, also shows its potential in RNA interference (RNAi) therapy by binding to target RNAs, which provides a novel perspective in cancer treatment. Thus, this review concerns the biogenesis, biological function, oncogenesis, progression and possible therapies for cancer involving circRNAs.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the mainstream power source for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with relatively superior performance. However, LIBs experience battery aging and performance ...degradation due to the external environment and internal factors, which should be reflected in the evaluation of the state of health (SOH). Accurately predicting SOH can improve the overall life of the battery and support safe driving in BEVs. At present, while there are many prediction methods for SOH, most are implemented in simulated environments but are challenging to execute in actual industrial production. This review provides a discussion on the aging reasons for LIBs, introduces the SOH prediction method based on the classification framework, and analyzes the key benefits and drawbacks of each method. Finally, the corresponding suggestions and solutions are given in combination with the actual industrial production.
•Deficiencies of the existing SOH prediction review are highlighted.•The cause of battery aging is discussed.•The differences and links between SOH and RUL are explained.•The current SOH prediction method based on the classification framework is discussed in detail.•The systematic evaluations and recommendations for the current SOH forecasting method, in conjunction with actual commercial and industrial conditions, are provided.
We report here a new method for the synthesis of organohydrosilanes from phenols and ketones. This method is established through reductive C−Si coupling of chlorohydrosilanes via unconventional Si−Cl ...cleavage. The reaction offers access to aryl‐ and alkenylhydrosilanes with a scope that is complementary to those of the established methods. Electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and ortho‐/meta‐/para‐substituted (hetero)aryl electrophiles, as well as cyclic and acyclic alkenyl electrophiles, were coupled successfully. Functionalities, including Grignard‐sensitive groups (e.g., primary amine, amide, phenol, ketone, ester, and free indole), acid‐sensitive groups (e.g., ketal and THP protection), alkyl‐Cl, pyridine, furan, thiophene, Ar‐Bpin, and Ar‐SiMe3, were tolerated. Gram‐scale reaction, incorporation of ‐Si(H)R2 into complex biologically active molecules, and derivatization of formed organohydrosilanes are demonstrated.
A new C−Si bond‐forming reaction between R−X and Cl−Si(H)R2 was achieved using reductive nickel catalysis. This method offers access to structurally diverse aryl‐ and alkenylhydrosilanes from phenol and ketone derivatives. The reaction can be conducted on gram scale and allows for incorporating a hydrosilane moiety into biologically active molecules.
Very recently, the LHCb collaboration has observed in the final state
Λ
c
+
K
-
π
+
π
+
a resonant structure that is identified as the doubly charmed baryon
Ξ
cc
+
+
. Inspired by this observation, ...we investigate the weak decays of doubly heavy baryons
Ξ
cc
+
+
,
Ξ
cc
+
,
Ω
cc
+
,
Ξ
bc
(
′
)
+
,
Ξ
bc
(
′
)
0
,
Ω
bc
(
′
)
0
,
Ξ
bb
0
,
Ξ
bb
-
and
Ω
bb
-
and focus on the decays into spin 1 / 2 baryons in this paper. At the quark level these decay processes are induced by the
c
→
d
/
s
or
b
→
u
/
c
transitions, and the two spectator quarks can be viewed as a scalar or axial vector diquark. We first derive the hadronic form factors for these transitions in the light-front approach and then apply them to predict the partial widths for the semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of doubly heavy baryons. We find that the number of decay channels is sizable and can be examined in future measurements at experimental facilities like LHC, Belle II and CEPC.
This is the first attempt to explore linkages among industrialization, urbanization, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth based on estimations in simultaneous equations framework. ...An economic growth model is extended to incorporate industrialization as shift factor and pollutant emissions as determinant of total factor productivity. A country panel of 30 Chinese provinces/cities and three regional panels, for periods 2000–2016, are estimated employing Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator as well as Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) estimator that are robust to both cross-sectional dependence and cointegration. The empirical findings are as follows: (i) the impact of urbanization on economic growth varied from negative to neutral to positive for western-, intermediate-, and eastern-economic zone, respectively, and is known as “urbanization ladder effect,” (ii) moving from western to eastern economic zone, as regions develop, industry expansion has more powerful impact on economic growth, and thus, we define it as “industry expansion effect,” (iii) industrialization promotes rapid urbanization in less developed and less employment saturated regions; hence, we name it as “employment saturation effect,” (iv) economic growth in more developed regions pulled the CO2 emissions downward, while pushed it upward in case of less developed regions; therefore, we call it “growth pull/push effect,” and (v) in bidirectional causality between energy consumption and economic growth, the “feedback effect” of economic growth remained dominant for all four panels. Based on empirical findings, policies are suggested for Chinese economy. Further, these policies have potential to extract implications for the rest of the world.
Catalytic alkylation of stable alkenyl C−O electrophiles is synthetically appealing, but studies to date have typically focused on the reactions with alkyl Grignard reagents. We report herein a ...cross‐electrophile reaction of alkenyl acetates with alkyl bromides. This work has enabled a new method for the synthesis of aliphatic alkenes from alkenyl acetates to be established that can be used to add more structural complexity and molecular diversity with enhanced functionality tolerance. The method allows for a gram‐scale reaction and modification of biologically active molecules, and it affords access to useful building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the NiI species plays an essential role for the success of the coupling of these two reactivity‐mismatched electrophiles.
A new C−C bond‐forming reaction between alkenyl acetates and alkyl bromides was achieved by reductive nickel catalysis. This method offers very mild reaction conditions for facile and precise synthesis of structurally versatile aliphatic alkenes using readily available and stable alkenyl reagents. It allows for a gram‐scale reaction and modification of biologically active molecules, and it affords access to useful building blocks.
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