Hyperoside is a natural flavonol glycoside in various plants, such as Crataegus pinnatifida Bge, Forsythia suspensa, and Cuscuta chinensis Lam. Medical research has found that hyperoside possesses a ...broad spectrum of biological activities, including anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antidepressant, and organ protective effects. These pharmacological properties lay the foundation for its use in treating multiple diseases, such as sepsis, arthritis, colitis, diabetic nephropathy, myocardial ischemia–reperfusion, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancers. Hyperoside is obtained from the plants and chemical synthesis. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of hyperoside on its sources and biological activities to provide insights into its therapeutic potential, and to provide a basis for high‐quality studies to determine the clinical efficacy of this compound.
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) encompasses a plethora of digital technologies effecting on manufacturing enterprises. Most research on this topic examines the effects in the smart factory domain, focusing on ...production scheduling. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the applications of I4.0 enabling technologies in manufacturing life-cycle processes. This paper is thus intended to provide a systematic literature review answering the following research question: What are the applications of I4.0 enabling technologies in the business processes of manufacturing companies? The study analyses 186 articles and the results show that production scheduling and control is the process most often investigated, while there is also an increasing trend in servitization and circular supply chain management. Moreover, there is extensive combined use of IoT, Big Data Analytics and Cloud, whose applications cover a wide range of processes. On the contrary, other technology like Blockchain is not as widely discussed in the domain of I4.0. This picture calls for a future research agenda extending the scope of investigation into I4.0 in manufacturing. Furthermore, the results of this research can prove extremely useful for practitioners who wish to implement one or more technologies, providing them with solutions for applications in manufacturing.
Li dendrite‐free growth is achieved by employing glass fiber with large polar functional groups as the interlayer of Li metal anode and separator to uniformly distribute Li ions. The evenly ...distributed Li ions render the dendrite‐free Li deposits at high rates (10 mA cm−2) and high lithiation capacity (2.0 mAh cm−2).
The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is a promising high‐energy‐density storage system. The strong anchoring of intermediates is widely accepted to retard the shuttle of polysulfides in a working ...battery. However, the understanding of the intrinsic chemistry is still deficient. Inspired by the concept of hydrogen bond, herein we focus on the Li bond chemistry in Li–S batteries through sophisticated quantum chemical calculations, in combination with 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Identified as Li bond, the strong dipole–dipole interaction between Li polysulfides and Li–S cathode materials originates from the electron‐rich donors (e.g., pyridinic nitrogen (pN)), and is enhanced by the inductive and conjugative effect of scaffold materials with π‐electrons (e.g., graphene). The chemical shift of Li polysulfides in 7Li NMR spectroscopy, being both theoretically predicted and experimentally verified, is suggested to serve as a quantitative descriptor of Li bond strength. These theoretical insights were further proved by actual electrochemical tests. This work highlights the importance of Li bond chemistry in Li–S cell and provides a deep comprehension, which is helpful to the cathode materials rational design and practical applications of Li–S batteries.
Lithium bond chemistry in Li–S batteries is probed by sophisticated quantum chemical calculations in combination with 7Li NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift in 7Li NMR spectroscopy is suggested to be a quantitative descriptor of Li bond strength, propelling the advances in Li–S chemistry through materials genome design and high throughput screening.
Summary
Heat stress induces misfolded protein accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants. Previous work has demonstrated the important ...role of a rice ER membrane‐associated transcription factor OsbZIP74 (also known as OsbZIP50) in UPR. However, how OsbZIP74 and other membrane‐associated transcription factors are involved in heat stress tolerance in rice is not reported. In the current study, we discovered that OsNTL3 is required for heat stress tolerance in rice. OsNTL3 is constitutively expressed and up‐regulated by heat and ER stresses. OsNTL3 encodes a NAC transcription factor with a predicted C‐terminal transmembrane domain. GFP‐OsNTL3 relocates from plasma membrane to nucleus in response to heat stress and ER stress inducers. Loss‐of‐function mutation of OsNTL3 confers heat sensitivity while inducible expression of the truncated form of OsNTL3 without the transmembrane domain increases heat tolerance in rice seedlings. RNA‐Seq analysis revealed that OsNTL3 regulates the expression of genes involved in ER protein folding and other processes. Interestingly, OsNTL3 directly binds to OsbZIP74 promoter and regulates its expression in response to heat stress. In turn, up‐regulation of OsNTL3 by heat stress is dependent on OsbZIP74. Thus, our work reveals the important role of OsNTL3 in thermotolerance, and a regulatory circuit mediated by OsbZIP74 and OsNTL3 in communications among ER, plasma membrane and nucleus under heat stress conditions.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery system is endowed with tremendous energy density, resulting from the complex sulfur electrochemistry involving multielectron redox reactions and phase transformations. ...Originated from the slow redox kinetics of polysulfide intermediates, the flood of polysulfides in the batteries during cycling induced low sulfur utilization, severe polarization, low energy efficiency, deteriorated polysulfide shuttle, and short cycling life. Herein, sulfiphilic cobalt disulfide (CoS2) was incorporated into carbon/sulfur cathodes, introducing strong interaction between lithium polysulfides and CoS2 under working conditions. The interfaces between CoS2 and electrolyte served as strong adsorption and activation sites for polar polysulfides and therefore accelerated redox reactions of polysulfides. The high polysulfide reactivity not only guaranteed effective polarization mitigation and promoted energy efficiency by 10% but also promised high discharge capacity and stable cycling performance during 2000 cycles. A slow capacity decay rate of 0.034%/cycle at 2.0 C and a high initial capacity of 1368 mAh g–1 at 0.5 C were achieved. Since the propelling redox reaction is not limited to Li–S system, we foresee the reported strategy herein can be applied in other high-power devices through the systems with controllable redox reactions.
A bifunctional graphene catalyst with abundant topological defects is achieved via the carbonization of natural gelatinized sticky rice to probe the underlying oxygen electrocatalytic mechanism. A ...nitrogen‐free configuration with adjacent pentagon and heptagon carbon rings is revealed to exhibit the lowest overpotential for both oxygen reduction and evolution catalysis. The versatile synthetic strategy and novel insights on the activity origin facilitate the development of advanced metal‐free carbocatalysts for a wide range of electrocatalytic applications.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been intensively concerned to fulfill the urgent demands of high capacity energy storage. One of the major unsolved issues is the complex diffusion of lithium ...polysulfide intermediates, which in combination with the subsequent paradox reactions is known as the shuttle effect. Nanocarbon with homogeneous nonpolar surface served as scaffolding materials in sulfur cathode basically cannot afford a sufficient binding and confining effect to maintain lithium polysulfides within the cathode. Herein, a systematical density functional theory calculation of various heteroatoms‐doped nanocarbon materials is conducted to elaborate the mechanism and guide the future screening and rational design of Li–S cathode for better performance. It is proved that the chemical modification using N or O dopant significantly enhances the interaction between the carbon hosts and the polysulfide guests via dipole–dipole electrostatic interaction and thereby effectively prevents shuttle of polysulfides, allowing high capacity and high coulombic efficiency. By contrast, the introduction of B, F, S, P, and Cl monodopants into carbon matrix is unsatisfactory. To achieve the strong‐couple effect toward Li2Sx, the principles for rational design of doped carbon scaffolds in Li–S batteries to achieve a strong electrostatic dipole–dipole interaction are proposed. An implicit volcano plot is obtained to describe the dependence of binding energies on electronegativity of dopants. Moreover, the codoping strategy is predicted to achieve even stronger interfacial interaction to trap lithium polysulfides.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been intensively studied to fulfill the urgent demands of high capacity energy storage. A systematic density functional theory calculation of various heteroatoms‐doped nanocarbon materials is conducted to elaborate the mechanism and guide the future screening and rational design of Li–S cathode for better performance. While B and F doping exhibit lower Eb than undoped carbon, N and O elements offer elevated binding energies with Li2Sx that form a strong anchoring effect to alleviate shuttle effect.
Viscosity is an extremely important property for ion transport and wettability of electrolytes. Easy access to viscosity values and a deep understanding of this property remain challenging yet ...critical to evaluating the electrolyte performance and tailoring electrolyte recipes with targeted properties. We proposed a screened overlapping method to efficiently compute the viscosity of lithium battery electrolytes by molecular dynamics simulations. The origin of electrolyte viscosity was further comprehensively probed. The viscosity of solvents exhibits a positive correlation with the binding energy between molecules, indicating viscosity is directly correlated to intermolecular interactions. Salts in electrolytes enlarge the viscosity significantly with increasing concentrations while diluents serve as the viscosity reducer, which is attributed to the varied binding strength from cation-anion and cation-solvent associations. This work develops an accurate and efficient method for computing the electrolyte viscosity and affords deep insight into viscosity at the molecular level, which exhibits the huge potential to accelerate advanced electrolyte design for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of a bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw (CICPS) in the treatment of spondylolysis-type lumbar spondylolisthesis with ...osteoporosis.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 37 patients (Dual-energy X-ray bone density detection showed different degrees of osteoporosis) with spondylolysis-type lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent lumbar spondylolisthesis reduction and fusion using a new type of injectable bone cement screw from May 2011 to March 2015. Postoperative clinical efficacy was evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Imaging indexes were used to evaluate the stability of internal fixation of the devices 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and annually thereafter. The safety of the CICPS was assessed by the prevalence of intraoperative and postoperative complications.
Results
A total of 124 CICPS were implanted intraoperatively. Bone cement leakage occurred in 3 screws (2.42%), and no clinical discomfort was found in any patients. All 37 patients were followed up with an average follow-up time of 26.6 ± 13.4 months (12–58 months). In the evaluation of the clinical effects of the operation, the average postoperative VAS score of the patients decreased from 4.30 ± 1.58 before surgery to 0.30 ± 0.70 after surgery (
P
< 0.001), and the ODI decreased from 47.27% ± 16.97% before surgery to 3.36% ± 5.70% after surgery (
P
< 0.001). No screw was loose, broken or pulled out.
Conclusion
CICPS is safe and effective in the treatment of spondylolysis-type lumbar spondylolisthesis complicated by osteoporosis.
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