This study examines the combination of the interplay between managerial majors and creative thinking and entrepreneurial courses using a linked assessment approach. To calculate the weighting of ...coupled system assessment indicators, the entropy value approach is employed. By dimensionlessly processing indicators and creating indicator data matrices, the degree of coordination of the integrating process between administrative majors and instruction in entrepreneurship and innovation is discovered. By constructing the integration evaluation index system, the integration coordination degree interval and grade were divided. The results show that 70% of the students in their senior year are aware of innovation and entrepreneurship, but they still can’t invest in innovation and entrepreneurship in combination with their own majors. The speed at which students’ abilities advance when given practical instruction in the merger of specialty and innovation is greatest.
The limitation for the biomedical application of porous organic polymers (POPs) is the big size and poor dispersibility in aqueous media. Herein, a nanoscale metal–organic framework (MOF)@POP ...composite, named UNM, has been synthesized by epitaxial growth of the photoactive porphyrin-POPs (H2P-POP) on the outer surface of amine containing UiO-66 (UiO-AM). After the growth of POPs, the crystallization, pore structure, and size distribution of UNM are retained well. The formed UNM possesses a small size of less than 200 nm and could be internalized by cancer cells. Such light-activated UNM exhibits efficient ability to generate 1O2 under various experimental conditions, which can be further applied for PDT efficacy. The present work demonstrates the great potential of nanoscale porous polymers in biomedical fields and cancer treatment.
Photothermal conversion in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window allows deeper penetration and higher exposure to lasers, but examples of NIR-II photothermal agents are mainly formulated by ...inorganic compounds. In view of the underlying influence of inorganic materials, a novel NIR-II photothermal nanoagent based on a narrow band gap D–A conjugated polymer (TBDOPV–DT) with 2,2-bithiophene as the donor and thiophene-fused benzodifurandione-based oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) as the acceptor has been developed. More importantly, TBDOPV–DT nanoparticles (TBDOPV–DT NPs) are demonstrated to combine excellent photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) ability. TBDOPV–DT NPs exhibit dramatic photostability and heating reproducibility with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 50%. Especially, the NPs possess a remarkable PTT effect toward cancer cells in vitro and can eliminate tumor cells completely in vivo under 1064 nm laser irradiation, while no appreciable side effects have been observed. This study achieves PAI-guided cancer therapy and sheds light on the future of using organic polymer NPs for the NIR-II PTT of cancer.
The therapeutic properties of light are well known for photodynamic or photothermal therapy, which could cause irreversible photodamage to tumor tissues. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been ...proved in the clinic, the efficacy is not satisfactory because of complicated tumor microenvironments. For example, the hypoxia in solid tumor has a negative effect on the generation of singlet oxygen. To address the hypoxia issues in PDT, leveraging alkyl radical is an available option due to the oxygen-independent feature. In this work, a new kind of organic nanoparticles (tripolyphosphate (TPP)-NN NPs) from porphyrin and radical initiator is developed. Under near-infrared light irradiation, TPP-NN NPs will split and release alkyl radical, which could induce obvious cytotoxicity both in normal and hypoxia environment. The photothermal-controlled generation of alkyl radical could significantly inhibit the growth of cervical cancer and show ignorable systemic toxicity. This activatable radical therapy opens up new possibilities for the application of PDT in hypoxia condition.
is a popular medicinal mushroom that is widely used in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries.
. linteus comprises various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, ...phenylpropanoids, and furans, and has proven to be an effective therapeutic agent in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment and the prevention of various diseases. A number of studies have reported that
. linteus possesses many biological activities useful for pharmacological applications, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antifungal activities, as well as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This review article briefly presents the recent progress made in understanding the bioactive components, biological activities, pharmacological applications, safety, and prospects of
. linteus, and provides helpful references and promising directions for further studies of
. linteus.
Inspired by the clinically approved albumin based PTX formulation (Abraxane) and high-drug-loading dimeric prodrug tactics, herein we report a theranostic “Abraxane-like” prodrug formulation, which ...is comprised of human serum albumin (HSA), a paclitaxel (PTX) dimer bridged with thioether liner (PTX
2
-S), and photosensitizer IR780 iodide. Nanoparticles (NPs) with PTX
2
-S and IR780 as the core and HSA as the stealth shell are formed. Compared with HSA-based PTX clinical formulation (Abraxane), the dimeric molecules not only constitute the bulk structure of the particles, but also act as crossing agent, thus realizing drug loading content increasing from 6.6 wt.% to 48.7 wt.% with high loading efficiency (> 90%) and excellent stability in biological conditions. Importantly, the thioether linkage dually responds to the tumor redox heterogeneity and the NPs gradually releases the parent drug PTX for chemotherapy. Meanwhile, PTX
2
-S facilitates the encapsulation of IR780 iodide due to their π-π stacking interaction and IR780 iodide generates spatio-temporal hyperthermia under light irradiation to kill cancer cells for photothermal therapy. The described craft integrates the biomimetic trait of HSA, high drug loading, tumor redox heterogeneity-initiated on-demand drug release, and combination therapy into one formulation and the developed nanoparticles are promising for cancer treatment.
The specification of distinct cell types in multicellular organisms is accomplished via establishment of differential gene expression. A major question is the nature of the mechanisms that establish ...this differential expression in time and space. In plants, the formation of the hair and non-hair cell types in the root epidermis has been used as a model to understand regulation of cell specification. Recent findings show surprising complexity in the number and the types of regulatory interactions between the multiple transcription factor genes/proteins influencing root epidermis cell fate. Here, we describe this regulatory network and the importance of the multiple feedback loops for its establishment and maintenance.
Novel and stable supramolecular nanoparticles (NP) were prepared based on the high affinity of carboranes to β-cyclodextrin for the efficient photodynamic therapy of porphyrin in vitro.
AKT1 and AKT2, the AKT isoforms that are highly expressed in skeletal muscle, have distinct and overlapping functions, with AKT2 more important for insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. In ...adipocytes, AKT2 versus AKT1 has greater susceptibility for insulin-mediated redistribution from cytosolic to membrane localization, and insulin also causes subcellular redistribution of AKT Substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), an AKT2 substrate and crucial mediator of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Although skeletal muscle is the major tissue for insulin-mediated glucose disposal, little is known about AKT1, AKT2 or AS160 subcellular localization in skeletal muscle. The major aim of this study was to determine insulin's effects on the subcellular localization and phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2 and AS160 in skeletal muscle. Rat skeletal muscles were incubated ex vivo ± insulin, and differential centrifugation was used to isolate cytosolic and membrane fractions. The results revealed that: 1) insulin increased muscle membrane localization of AKT2, but not AKT1; 2) insulin increased AKT2 phosphorylation in the cytosol and membrane fractions; 3) insulin increased AS160 localization to the cytosol and membranes; and 4) insulin increased AS160 phosphorylation in the cytosol, but not membranes. These results demonstrate distinctive insulin effects on the subcellular redistribution of AKT2 and its substrate AS160 in skeletal muscle.
Fluorescence bioimaging is very significant in studying biological processes. Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) manufactured from aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, as promising candidates, ...have attracted more attention. However, it is still a challenge to explore suitable AIE NPs for bioimaging. Herein, we synthesized pyrazoline-BODIPY (PZL-BDP) with a donor and acceptor (D-A) structure by a condensation reaction, cultured its single crystal, and studied its twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and AIE effects. PZL-BDP could self-assemble to form red fluorescent nanoparticles (PZL-BDP NPs) which showed a good fluorescence quantum yield of 15.8% in water. PZL-BDP NPs with excellent stability and biocompatibility exhibited a large Stokes shift (Δλ = 111 nm) which resulted in the reduction of external interference and enhancement of the fluorescence contrast. Furthermore, these nanoparticles could be readily internalized by HeLa cells and they stain the cells in just five seconds, indicating an ultrafast bioimaging protocol. Moreover, long-term tracking fluorescence signals in vivo for about 12 days were obtained. The bright red fluorescence, ultrafast cell staining ability, and long-term in vivo tracking competence outline the great potential of rational design nanomaterials with AIE characteristics for monitoring biological processes.
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