The present study is aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of depression and anxiety among the general population in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in ...China.
A cross-sectional self-report survey methodology was used to gather the following data from Chinese citizens: sociodemographic information, physical and mental health disorder history, daily online time, social media exposure, feeling toward social media exposure, perception of the disease, infection cases in the local area, and previous experiences with stressful life incidents. Levels of anxiety and depression were self-reported employing the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale, respectively.
Among the 6130 participants, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 7.1 and 12%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that psychological disturbances were associated with gender, people with religious background, being a medical professional, having physical or mental health disease, difficulty accessing medical aids, experience with traumatic incidents, the perceived possibility of sequelae after being cured of COVID-19, daily online time, the source of the information relevant to COVID-19, frequency of receiving information regarding COVID-19, and negative feelings triggered by social media.
There needs to be a consistent message from authorities to reduce the panic and confusion of the public, and to decrease public exposure to persistently negative information. It is necessary to help people transform their negative experiences into positive changes especially for individuals with physical illness, individuals with mental health disorders, and medical professionals.
Abstract
Background
Healthy sexual behavior is critical for controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic among university students, particularly in regions with increasing infection rates among university ...students in China.
Methods
This study investigated the prevalence of unhealthy sexual behavior in the past 6 months and the associated demographic and psychosocial factors among sexually active Chinese university students. Self-identified sexually active Chinese university students were recruited for the study.
Results
The study found that most students used condoms inconsistently during sexual intercourse (54.8%), and logistic regression showed that condomless sex was associated with being raised by a single parent (AOR = 1.934, 95% CI 1.234–3.031) or by grandparents or others (AOR = 1.583, 95% CI 1.003–2.50) and with sometimes using dating apps (AOR = 1.496, 95% CI 1.106–2.024). The independent protective factors for condomless sex were HIV knowledge scores between 15 and 18 compared to scores of 0 to 4 (AOR = 0.434, 95% CI 0.244–0.771). Among sexually active university students, 15.5% reported that they had multiple sexual partners; having multiple sexual partners was associated with sometimes (AOR = 2.543, 95% CI 1.553–4.167) or always (AOR =4.048, 95% CI 2.177–7.527) using dating apps. Being female (AOR = 0.402, 95% CI 0.231–0.699) and in a relationship (AOR = 0.236, 95% CI 0.154–0.363) were protective factors against having multiple sexual partners.
Conclusions
There is an urgent need to promote HIV prevention and to implement psychosocial interventions by providing comprehensive sex education and access to condoms and health care on campuses to decrease the potential factors related to unhealthy sexual behaviors among university students.
Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of ...lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms
. Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata). Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms. The N. colorata genome and 19 other water lily transcriptomes reveal a Nymphaealean whole-genome duplication event, which is shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae. Among the genes retained from this whole-genome duplication are homologues of genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development. The broad expression of homologues of floral ABCE genes in N. colorata might support a similarly broadly active ancestral ABCE model of floral organ determination in early angiosperms. Water lilies have evolved attractive floral scents and colours, which are features shared with mesangiosperms, and we identified their putative biosynthetic genes in N. colorata. The chemical compounds and biosynthetic genes behind floral scents suggest that they have evolved in parallel to those in mesangiosperms. Because of its unique phylogenetic position, the N. colorata genome sheds light on the early evolution of angiosperms.
Two triarmed organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on carboxylic acid-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (APOSS) with/without PS linkers are designed and synthesized (tri-PS-APOSS ...and tri-APOSS). They can both self-assemble into hollow spherical nanostructures in water/organic mixed solvents, as confirmed by light scattering and TEM techniques, yet they possess completely different mechanisms and driving forces. With the PS linkers, the hybrid forms bilayer vesicles similar to surfactants; while without the PS linkers, the hybrid behaves like hydrophilic macroions and assembles into single-layered, vesicle-like “blackberry”-type structure. Consequently, the trend of the assembly size in response to the change of the solvent polarity is different for the two scenarios. This work shows a simple, universal approach of controlling the mechanism and product of the self-assembly process via minor adjustment of the organic–inorganic hybrid structures.
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 2 catalyzes the methylation of arginine residues in histones. Depression is associated with histone methylation; however, more comprehensive research is ...needed on how PRMT2 regulates depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and possible mechanism(s) of PRMT2 overexpression on depression-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats, and whether lentivirus-mediated PRMT2 overexpression in the hippocampus suppresses depression-like behavior. Furthermore, the PRMT2 inhibitor MS023 was administered to the animals to investigate whether the antidepressant effect of PRMT2 overexpression could be reversed. Behavioral experiments were performed to detect depression-like behavior in rats. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression levels of PRMT2, histone H3R8 asymmetric dimethylation (H3R8me2a), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase 1 (Arg1) in rat hippocampal tissues. Hippocampal microglia and PRMT2 were stained using immunofluorescence techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of various inflammatory factors in rat hippocampal tissue. Results of analysis revealed that PRMT2 overexpression in the hippocampus exerted an antidepressant effect. PRMT2 overexpression in the hippocampus reduced the proportion of activated microglia in the hippocampus, upregulated Arg1 and H3R8me2a expression, and downregulated iNOS expression. PRMT2 overexpression in the hippocampus inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory factors and promoted the release of anti-inflammatory factors. In summary, PRMT2 overexpression in the hippocampus promoted the conversion of microglia from the M1 to M2 type, resulting in an antidepressant effect. These results suggest that PRMT2 may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent and treat depression.
•Protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT2 overexpression in the hippocampus has antidepressant effects.•PRMT2 overexpression inhibited stress-induced microglial M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization.•PRMT2 overexpression inhibited stress-induced neuroinflammation.
The pore structure of low-rank coal reservoirs was highly complex. It was the basis for predicting the gas occurrence and outburst disasters. Different scale pores have different effects on ...adsorption–desorption, diffusion, and seepage in coalbed methane. To study the pore structure distribution characteristics, which are in different scales of low-rank coal with different metamorphism grade, the pore structure parameters of low-rank coal were obtained by using the mercury injection, N2 adsorption, and CO2 adsorption. These three methods were used to test the pore volume and specific surface area of low-rank coal in their test ranges. Then, the fractal dimension method was used to calculate the fractal characteristics of the pore structure of full aperture section to quantify the complexity of the pore structure. The experimental results showed that the pore volume and specific surface area of low-rank coal were mainly controlled by microporous. The pore fractal characteristics were obvious. With the influence of coalification process, as the degree of coal metamorphism increases, fluctuations in the comprehensive fractal dimension, specific surface area, and pore volume of the pore size range occur within the range of Rmax = 0.50% to 0.65%.
In order to suppress traffic jams and make traffic flow smooth, we propose feedback-based control strategy for the coupled map car-following model with time delays on basis of linear discrete-time ...system. In this new kind of model, time delay is incorporated into dynamic equation of vehicles. The traffic system is analyzed based on Gerschgorin disk theorem and general Nyquist stability criterion. The sufficient condition for the existence of coupled map car-following model with time delays is given. Considering time delays, the proposed control scheme can be competent to alleviate traffic congestion. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
•Feedback control of coupled map car-following model with times delay is proposed.•The sufficient condition of stability for the proposed model is given.•The feedback-based control strategy is designed.•The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
Anisotropic patchy particles with molecular precision are exquisite building blocks for constructing diverse meso-structures of high complexity. In this research, a library of molecular patchy ...clusters consisting of a collection of functional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane cages with exact regio-configuration and composition were prepared through a robust and modular approach. By meticulously tuning the composition, molecular symmetry, and other parameters, these patchy clusters could assemble into diverse nanostructures, including unconventional complex spherical phases (i.e., Frank–Kasper σ phase and dodecagonal quasicrystalline phase). As the size of the hydrophilic patch expands, a transition sequence from disorder to hexagonally packed cylinders and then to double gyroids was recorded, corresponding to a progressive decrease of interfacial curvature. On the other hand, regioisomers with the same composition but different regio-configuration adopt similar molecular packing but varied phase stability, as a result of the local self-sorting process to alleviate excess unfavorable interfacial contact. These precisely defined molecular patchy clusters provide a model system for a general understanding of the hierarchical structure formation and evolution based on anisotropic spherical building blocks at the nanoscale.
Lack of explicit semantics in the product data to be exchanged among product development systems is a major problem for existing product data exchange standards. To solve this problem, the semantics ...of product data should be enriched to form a basis for exchanging them. This paper proposes an ontology-based approach to enrich the semantics of variational geometric constraint data, one of the most important kinds of product data in product development systems. In this approach, an ontology for variational geometric constraint specifications is constructed by formalizing the specifications in the variational geometric constraint network theory in Web Ontology Language 2 Description Logic (OWL 2 DL) and Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). This ontology has rigorous computer-interpretable semantics due to the mathematic logic-based semantics of OWL 2 DL and SWRL. It is capable of providing a semantic enrichment model for the variational geometric constraint data extracted from CAD systems. The ontology is implemented with the use of the OWL 2 DL/SWRL ontology based technologies. As the benefits of the implemented ontology, consistency checking, knowledge reasoning and semantic queries can be automatically performed. These benefits will lay a basis for further exchanging the explicit semantics of variational geometric constraint data among heterogeneous product development systems.
•The semantics of product data cannot be automatically exchanged by existing standards.•An ontology is constructed by formalizing VGC specifications in OWL and SWRL.•The ontology is instantiated by the VGC data extracted from CAD systems.•The ontology can well express the explicit semantics of the VGC data.•Consistency checking, knowledge reasoning and semantic queries can be performed.
Source rocks of the Mohe Basin, Northeast China are gas-prone and the organic matter has advanced to late oil-generation stages, producing condensate and natural gas. This provides suitable ...conditions for the Mohe Basin to become one of the most prolific terrestrial natural gas hydrate (NGH)-bearing areas in China. Knowing this, here we predict the depth and thickness of pure methane hydrate stability zones (HSZs) and gas hydrate stability zones (GHSZs) via simulating the hydrate-phase equilibrium and other formation P–T conditions. Furthermore, factors that have a major impact on the occurrence of HSZs are discussed. Results showed that the composition of gas (guest) molecules and the geothermal gradient are the two most controlling factors on HSZs. Moreover, it was found that a pure methane HSZ with a thickness of about 255 m can form in areas with a geothermal gradient of <1.5 °C/100 m, with top and bottom depth limits less than 493 m and greater than 748 m, respectively. In contrast, pure methane hydrates have difficulty forming, while hydrates from wet gas can form where there is a geothermal gradient of >1.6 °C/100 m. Furthermore, a wet gas HSZ with a thickness of at least 735 m can be expected when the geothermal gradient reaches 2.3 °C/100 m, with top and bottom depth limits at 115 and 850 m, respectively. Ultimately, a pure methane HSZ can still form in the abnormally high-pressured areas when the geothermal gradient is up to 2.0 °C/100 m. Overall, HSZs can occur due to the combined effect of formation temperature, pressure, and gas composition. Finally, based on the results from this study and drilling data, future successful hydrate drilling schemes can be implemented in the Mohe Basin and similar terrestrial areas.
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