Grapevine trunk diseases have become one of the main threats to grape production worldwide, with Diaporthe species as an emerging group of pathogens in China. At present, relatively little is known ...about the taxonomy and genetic diversity of Chinese Diaporthe populations, including their relationships to other populations worldwide. Here, we conducted an extensive field survey in six provinces in China to identify and characterize Diaporthe species in grape vineyards. Ninety-four isolates were identified and analyzed using multi-locus phylogeny. The isolates belonged to eight species, including three novel taxa, Diaporthe guangxiensis (D. guangxiensis), Diaporthe hubeiensis (D. hubeiensis), Diaporthe viniferae (D. viniferae), and three new host records, Diaporthe gulyae (D. gulyae), Diaporthe pescicola (D. pescicola), and Diaporthe unshiuensis (D. unshiuensis). The most commonly isolated species was Diaporthe eres (D. eres). In addition, high genetic diversity was observed for D. eres in Chinese vineyards. Haplotype network analysis of D. eres isolates from China and Europe showed a close relationship between samples from the two geographical locations and evidence for recombination. In comparative pathogenicity testing, D. gulyae was the most aggressive taxon, whereas D. hubeiensis was the least aggressive. This study provides new insights into the Diaporthe species associated with grapevines in China, and our results can be used to develop effective disease management strategies.Grapevine trunk diseases have become one of the main threats to grape production worldwide, with Diaporthe species as an emerging group of pathogens in China. At present, relatively little is known about the taxonomy and genetic diversity of Chinese Diaporthe populations, including their relationships to other populations worldwide. Here, we conducted an extensive field survey in six provinces in China to identify and characterize Diaporthe species in grape vineyards. Ninety-four isolates were identified and analyzed using multi-locus phylogeny. The isolates belonged to eight species, including three novel taxa, Diaporthe guangxiensis (D. guangxiensis), Diaporthe hubeiensis (D. hubeiensis), Diaporthe viniferae (D. viniferae), and three new host records, Diaporthe gulyae (D. gulyae), Diaporthe pescicola (D. pescicola), and Diaporthe unshiuensis (D. unshiuensis). The most commonly isolated species was Diaporthe eres (D. eres). In addition, high genetic diversity was observed for D. eres in Chinese vineyards. Haplotype network analysis of D. eres isolates from China and Europe showed a close relationship between samples from the two geographical locations and evidence for recombination. In comparative pathogenicity testing, D. gulyae was the most aggressive taxon, whereas D. hubeiensis was the least aggressive. This study provides new insights into the Diaporthe species associated with grapevines in China, and our results can be used to develop effective disease management strategies.
Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop in China with a high economic value. From 2019 to 2020, a leaf spot disease was reported, with purplish-brown circular lesions in three cultivating regions in ...China. Twenty-four Fusarium isolates were obtained from diseased samples and were identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Seven species, including F. luffae (7 isolates), F. lateritium (6 isolates), F. compactum (5 isolates), F. nygamai (2 isolates), F. citri (2 isolates), F. ipomoeae (1 isolate) and F. curvatum (1 isolate) were identified. The pathogenicity test showed that analyzed strains of all species could produce lesions on detached cherry leaves. Therefore, Fusarium was proved to be a pathogen of cherry leaf spots in China. This is the first report of F. luffae, F. compactum, F. nygamai, F. citri, F. ipomoeae and F. curvatum on sweet cherry in China.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are the most destructive diseases in grape-growing regions worldwide. Black foot is one of the important GTDs affecting young vineyards and nurseries. This disease has ...not been reported in China. During 2017 and 2019, field surveys were carried out in the Guangxi, Hebei, Ningxia, Shanxi, and Xinjiang provinces of China. Incidence of plants with black foot symptoms was 0.1% to 1% in the surveyed vineyards. Plant samples with poorly developed shoots and canes, chlorotic leaves, and necrotic trunks or roots were collected from the five provinces. In total, 50 fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues. Based on morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, five species were identified as Cylindrocladiella lageniformis, Dactylonectria torresensis, D. macrodidyma, D. alcacerensis and Neonectria sp.1. Pathogenicity was assessed using young, healthy detached green shoots of grapevine ‘Summer Black’ and potted 3-month-old ‘Summer Black’ cuttings. Inoculated detached shoots developed necroses after 7 d, and inoculated cuttings after 80 d. Fungi were re-isolated from necrotic lesions. Among the five species, D. macrodidyma was the most aggressive. This is the first report of C. lageniformis, D. torresensis, D. macrodidyma, D. alcacerensis, and Neonectria sp. 1 associated with black foot in China. This study has enhanced knowledge of the fungi associated with black foot in China, and will assist development of control measures for this disease.
This study aimed to identify fungal species associated with trunk diseases of sweet cherries (Prunus avium) in several commercial cherry orchards in Beijing, Guizhou and Shandong provinces, China. In ...total, eighteen fungal strains that fitted well into the species concept of Diaporthe were isolated. Based on both morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), beta-tubulin (tub-2), calmodulin (Cal) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1–α) sequencing data, fourteen isolates were identified as Diaporthe eres, while four isolates were classified as D. hongkongensis. Here, we report D. hongkongensis causing sweet cherry branch dieback disease and, further, we confirmed the host association of D. eres with sweet cherries in China. A pathogenicity assay revealed the ability of both D. eres and D. hongkongensis to cause shoot necrosis and stem lesions on Prunus avium cv. ‘Brooks’ (mean lesion lengths of 1.86 cm and 1.56 cm, respectively). The optimal temperature for the growth of both Diaporthe species was tested. The optimal growth temperature for D. hongkongensis was 30 °C, and the 25–28 °C temperatures were the most favorable for the growth of D. eres strains. This research advances the understanding of fungal trunk diseases in fruit crops, particularly gummosis and branch dieback disease in Chinese cherry orchards, and will aid growers in making decisions about cultural practices and disease management.
is a causal agent of grapevine trunk disease, and it poses a significant threat to the grape industry worldwide. Fungal effectors play an essential role in the interaction between plants and ...pathogens. However, few studies have been conducted to understand the functions of individual effectors in
. In this study, we identified and characterized a candidate secreted effector protein, LtCSEP1, in
. Gene expression analysis suggested that transcription of
in
was induced at the early infection stages in the grapevine. Yeast secretion assay revealed that LtCSEP1 contains a functional signal peptide. Transient expression of
in
suppresses BAX-trigged cell death and significantly inhibits the flg22-induced PTI-associated gene expression. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of
in
enhanced disease susceptibility to
by downregulating the defense-related genes. These results demonstrated that LtCSEP1 is a potential effector of
, which contributes to suppressing the plant's defenses.
After the synthesis of UiO-66, the ligand modification was carried out to prepare UiO-66-F4 with hydrophobic properties. With the assistance of metal chelation and π-π interaction, the adsorption ...performance of genistein was significantly improved, and it was effectively applied to the separation and recovery of genistein from soy sauce residue.
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•UiO-66-F4(Zr) was used for the adsorption recovery of genistein from soy sauce residue.•The main adsorption mechanisms are π-π interaction, metal chelation, and hydrophobicity.•The theadsorption capacity for genistein of UiO-66-F4(Zr) with improved hydrophobicity increased from 32.98 to 60.53 mg/g.
Although genistein is a valuable component found in soy sauce residue, recovery is often limited due to its low water solubility. In this study, a hydrophobic ligand was used to modify UiO-66 to improve its hydrophobicity and increase its adsorption rate for genistein, which was named UiO-66-F4. Our results show that the adsorption capacity of UiO-66-F4 for genistein was significantly improved (60.53 mg/g) when compared to using unmodified UiO-66 (32.98 mg/g). The main adsorption mechanisms are π-π interactions, metal chelation, and hydrophobicity. A reference for the recovery of hydrophobic compounds has been provided by the method established in this study.
This study aimed to identify fungal species associated with trunk diseases of sweet cherries (Prunus avium) in several commercial cherry orchards in Beijing, Guizhou and Shandong provinces, China. In ...total, eighteen fungal strains that fitted well into the species concept of Diaporthe were isolated. Based on both morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), beta-tubulin (tub-2), calmodulin (Cal) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1–α) sequencing data, fourteen isolates were identified as Diaporthe eres, while four isolates were classified as D. hongkongensis. Here, we report D. hongkongensis causing sweet cherry branch dieback disease and, further, we confirmed the host association of D. eres with sweet cherries in China. A pathogenicity assay revealed the ability of both D. eres and D. hongkongensis to cause shoot necrosis and stem lesions on Prunus avium cv. ‘Brooks’ (mean lesion lengths of 1.86 cm and 1.56 cm, respectively). The optimal temperature for the growth of both Diaporthe species was tested. The optimal growth temperature for D. hongkongensis was 30 °C, and the 25–28 °C temperatures were the most favorable for the growth of D. eres strains. This research advances the understanding of fungal trunk diseases in fruit crops, particularly gummosis and branch dieback disease in Chinese cherry orchards, and will aid growers in making decisions about cultural practices and disease management.
Leaf spot is a common and serious disease of sweet cherry worldwide and has become a major concern in China. From 2018 to 2020, disease investigations were carried out in Beijing City, Sichuan, ...Shandong, and Liaoning Provinces in China, and 105
isolates were obtained from diseased samples. Isolates were identified by morphological characterization coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (internal transcribed spacer region, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, calmodulin, actin, chitin synthase, and β-tubulin). A total of 13
species were identified, namely
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, and
Among these,
(25.7%) was the most prominent species isolated from diseased leaves, followed by
(19.0%) and
(12.4%). Pathogenicity was tested on detached leaves of cv. 'Tieton' and 'Summit' and young seedlings of cv. 'Brooks' under greenhouse conditions. All 13 species were pathogenic to cherry leaves, and
,
, and
showed high levels of virulence. Seedlings inoculated with the isolates developed similar symptoms to those seen in the orchards. This study provides the first reports for 11 of the 13
species on sweet cherry in the world, excluding
and
. This is the first comprehensive study of
species associated with cherry leaf spot in China, and the results will provide basic knowledge to develop sustainable control measures for cherry leaf spot.
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