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•Thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge with PW was studied by various mixed ratio.•Biogas yield increased from 438 to 594 mL/g-VS with paper waste ratio up to 60%.•Paper waste ...addition weakened protein degradation and aggravated NH4+-N shortage.•The cellulolytic bacteria became predominant functional group after PW addition.
To recover the biogas from sewage sludge and paper waste (PW), the methanogenic performance of thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge with PW was assessed by a continuous experiment. The effects on the biogas production and microbial community were investigated by changing the PW ratio from 0 to 66.7%. The optimal performance was obtained at the ratio of sewage sludge: PW = 4:6 (total solids), where the COD removal efficiency and biogas production increased from 58.34±5.90% to 72.92±0.08% and 438±53 to 594±72 mL/g-VSadded, respectively. By investigating the trend of carbohydrate and protein degradation rates, the competition between carbohydrate and protein degradation was quantified. The critical PW addition ratio was about (63.64%), where the protein degradation rate decreased to zero with increasing PW addition. Meanwhile, the microbial analysis showed that cellulolytic bacteria outcompeted proteolytic bacteria and to be the predominant group after PW addition.
Fengyun-3E (FY-3E), the world’s first early-morning-orbit meteorological satellite for civil use, was launched successfully at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 5 July 2021. The FY-3E satellite ...will fill the vacancy of the global early-morning-orbit satellite observation, working together with the FY-3C and FY-3D satellites to achieve the data coverage of early morning, morning, and afternoon orbits. The combination of these three satellites will provide global data coverage for numerical weather prediction (NWP) at 6-hour intervals, effectively improving the accuracy and time efficiency of global NWP, which is of great significance to perfect the global earth observing system. In this article, the background and meteorological requirements for the early-morning-orbit satellite are reviewed, and the specifications of the FY-3E satellite, as well as the characteristics of the onboard instrumentation for earth observations, are also introduced. In addition, the ground segment and the retrieved geophysical products are also presented. It is believed that the NWP communities will significantly benefit from an optimal temporal distribution of observations provided by the early morning, mid-morning, and afternoon satellite missions. Further benefits are expected in numerous applications such as the monitoring of severe weather/climate events, the development of improved sampling designs of the diurnal cycle for accurate climate data records, more efficient monitoring of air quality by thermal infrared remote sensing, and the quasi-continuous monitoring of the sun for space weather and climate.
Photoconversion tunability of fluorophore dye is of great interest in cancer nanomedicine such as fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). Herein, this paper ...reports wavelength‐dependent photoconversional polymeric vesicles of boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) fluorophore for either PDT under 660 nm irradiation or PTT under 785 nm irradiation. After being assembled within polymeric vesicles at a high drug loading, Bodipy molecules aggregate in the conformations of both J‐type and H‐type, thereby causing red‐shifted absorption into near‐infrared region, ultralow radiative transition, and ideal resistance to photobleaching. Such vesicles further possess enhanced blood circulation, preferable tumor accumulation, as well as superior cell uptake as compared to free Bodipy. In particular, the vesicles mainly generate abundant intracellular singlet oxygen for PDT treatment under 660 nm irradiation, while they primarily produce a potent hyperthermia for PTT with tumor ablation through singlet oxygen‐synergized photothermal necrosis under 785 nm irradiation. This approach provides a facile and general strategy to tune photoconversion characteristics of fluorophore dyes for wavelength‐dependent photoinduced cancer therapy.
Photoconversion‐tunable Bodipy polymeric vesicles for wavelength‐dependent photoinduced cancer therapy are demonstrated, which mainly generate abundant intracellular singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy treatment under 660 nm irradiation, while primarily producing potent hyperthermia for photothermal therapy with tumor ablation through singlet oxygen‐synergized photothermal necrosis under 785 nm irradiation.
A new meta-heuristic method is proposed to enhance current meta-heuristic methods for global optimization and test scheduling for three-dimensional （3D） stacked system-on-chip （SoC） by hybridizing ...grey wolf optimization with differential evo- lution （HGWO）. Because basic grey wolf optimization （GWO） is easy to fall into stagnation when it carries out the operation of at- tacking prey, and differential evolution （DE） is integrated into GWO to update the previous best position of grey wolf Alpha, Beta and Delta, in order to force GWO to jump out of the stagnation with DE＇s strong searching ability. The proposed algorithm can accele- rate the convergence speed of GWO and improve its performance. Twenty-three well-known benchmark functions and an NP hard problem of test scheduling for 3D SoC are employed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm for exploiting the optimum and it has advantages in terms of exploration.
We propose a new meta-heuristic algorithm named Levy flights multi-verse optimizer (LFMVO), which incorporates Levy flights into multi-verse optimizer (MVO) algorithm to solve numerical and ...engineering optimization problems. The Original MVO easily falls into stagnation when wormholes stochastically re-span a number of universes (solutions) around the best universe achieved over the course of iterations. Since Levy flights are superior in exploring unknown, large-scale search space, they are integrated into the previous best universe to force MVO out of stagnation. We test this method on three sets of 23 well-known benchmark test functions and an NP complete problem of test scheduling for Network-on-Chip (NoC). Experimental results prove that the proposed LFMVO is more competitive than its peers in both the quality of the resulting solutions and convergence speed.
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•Mono-digestion and co-digestion were investigated by a thermophilic AnMBR.•Sludge ratio greatly affected the methanogenic performance.•Functional groups of prokaryotes were ...significant affected by the feed condition.•The metabolic pathways for mono-digestion and co-digestion were summarized.
The methanogenic performance and microbial community of the thermophilic anaerobic mono-digestion and co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge in a high-solid membrane bioreactor were investigated by a continuous experiment. The methane recovery rate of the system reached 98.0% and 89.0% when the substrate was pure food waste and 25% sewage sludge substitution, respectively. Kinetics characterization showed that hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step in both mono-digestion and co-digestion while methanogenic performance and microbial community were significantly affected by feed condition. The dominant archaea for methane generation shifted from Methanothermobacter thermophilus (72.82%) to Methanosarcina thermophila (96.25%) with sewage sludge gradually added from 0% to 100% in the substrate. The relationships between digestion performance, such as the accumulation of soluble proteins in the reactor, and functional microbial groups were also carefully analyzed. Finally, reasonable metabolic pathways for mono-digestion and co-digestion were summarized.
Smart nanocarriers are of particular interest as nanoscale vehicles of imaging and therapeutic agents in the field of theranostics. Herein, we report dually pH/reduction-responsive terpolymeric ...vesicles with monodispersive size distribution, which are constructed by assembling acetal- and disulfide-functionalized star terpolymer with near-infrared cyanine dye and anticancer drug. The vesicular nanostructure exhibits multiple theranostic features including on-demand drug releases responding to pH/reduction stimuli, enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency of cyanine dye, and efficient drug translocation from lysosomes to cytoplasma, as well as preferable cellular uptakes and biodistribution. These multiple theranostic features result in ultrahigh-contrast fluorescence imaging and thermo-chemotherapy-synergized tumor ablation. The dually stimuli-responsive vesicles represent a versatile theranostic approach for enhanced cancer imaging and therapy.
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•Protein-rich dairy product wastewater was treated by an anaerobic membrane reactor.•Ammonia self-detoxification effect and washout dynamic by dilution were analysed.•Syntrophic ...oxidising of organic acid processes were inhibited by ammonia.•Acetic acid and H2/CO2 production was a major metabolic process after inhibition.
Dairy product wastewater contains high-strength organic matter suitable for anaerobic treatment, but excessive protein degradation may lead to an ammonia inhibition problem. This work studied protein-rich dairy product wastewater treatment in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The results showed that a temporary self-detoxification phase of ammonia inhibition from the change of pH buffer system was vital for rapid reactor recovery by substrate dilution. The ammonia washout from the reactor was simulated by a kinetic model. After ammonia inhibition, the relative abundance of syntrophic lactic and propionic acids oxidising bacteria significantly reduced along with fermentative bacteria involved in mixed organic acids production. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of the protein degradation bacteria producing acetic acid and H2/CO2 increased. A potential metabolic process change was proposed by profiling the functional community. To conclude, substrate dilution is essential for overcoming ammonia inhibition in the anaerobic treatment of protein-rich dairy product wastewater.
Political optimizer (PO) is a relatively state-of-the-art meta-heuristic optimization technique for global optimization problems, as well as real-world engineering optimization, which mimics the ...multi-staged process of politics in human society. However, due to a greedy strategy during the election phase, and an inappropriate balance of global exploration and local exploitation during the party switching stage, it suffers from stagnation in local optima with a low convergence accuracy. To overcome such drawbacks, a sequence of novel PO variants were proposed by integrating PO with Quadratic Interpolation, Advance Quadratic Interpolation, Cubic Interpolation, Lagrange Interpolation, Newton Interpolation, and Refraction Learning (RL). The main contributions of this work are listed as follows. (1) The interpolation strategy was adopted to help the current global optima jump out of local optima. (2) Specifically, RL was integrated into PO to improve the diversity of the population. (3) To improve the ability of balancing exploration and exploitation during the party switching stage, a logistic model was proposed to maintain a good balance. To the best of our knowledge, PO combined with the interpolation strategy and RL was proposed here for the first time. The performance of the best PO variant was evaluated by 19 widely used benchmark functions and 30 test functions from the IEEE CEC 2014. Experimental results revealed the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of exploration capacity.
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•High-solid AnMBR realized highly efficient DPW treatment with OLR of 26.3 g COD/L/d.•90.6 %–98.8 % COD of DPW transferred into methane with less sludge produced.•SLOB of ...Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus achieved > 4.5 g/L/d LA loading rate.•Lactic/acetic acid production was a central pathway in the metabolic process.•High MLTS caused increased viscosity and colloidal particle and limited filtration.
Dairy processing wastewater (DPW) is an easily biodegradable substrate rich in lactic acid (LA) and native lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which can threaten the efficiency and stability of anaerobic treatment. This study introduced a high-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to explore methanogenic efficiency, metabolic processes, and membrane performance in DPW treatment. A high microbial concentration rapidly realized the highest organic loading rate (OLR) of 26.3 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L/d with a methane yield of 317.1 ± 5.2 mL/g COD. Mass balance showed 90.6 %–98.8 % COD of DPW transferred into methane at different OLRs. A syntropic bacterium of Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus achieved over 4.5 g/L/d LA loading rate, with relative abundance increasing from 0.36 % to 4.06 %. LAB were gradually eliminated because of unfavorable environmental conditions and high OLR. High OLR regulated methanogenesis transformation from hydrogenotrophic to mixed hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic types. Lactic/acetic acid production was proposed as a central pathway in the metabolic process. Enhanced mixed liquor total solid concentration (20–50 g/L) limited membrane flux because of the exponentially increased sludge viscosity. Also, the colloidal particle percentage in the sludge increased from 3.5 % to 10.5 %, which promoted membrane fouling for pore blocking and cake/gel layer formation. Organic foulants dominated the membrane resistance and resulted from the high rejection efficiency of organic matter. This study showed a novel and effective approach to achieving high-rate treatment of DPW by high-solid AnMBR and provided significant guidance for the dairy industry in future wastewater treatment development.
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