A half-trace retrieval algorithm based on an extended-ptychographical iterative engine algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the temporal structure of pulse from a polluted and recorded ...frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) trace that was modulated by poor spatial profile of output pulses, stray light, or misalignment of the measurement setup. In the proposed algorithm, the probe pulse and the gated pulse were retrieved simultaneously from a recorded FROG trace with a half-delay range, and the measured pulse was obtained by combining the different edges of the probe pulse and the gated pulse. Numerical simulations were carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. A single-shot picoseconds (ps)−THG−FROG setup with a 100-μJ ps laser system and an online ps−SHG−FROG setup in PW laser system were built to test the proposed algorithm experimentally. The results show that the temporal structure of pulses retrieved by the half-trace retrieval algorithm is closer to the real temporal structure than that retrieved by the conventional ptychographical algorithm when the recorded FROG trace is badly polluted.
A new method for optical multiple-image encryption based on polarization-resolved diffraction imaging is proposed in this study. A linearly polarized beam is split into two beams of orthogonal ...polarization to illuminate different images to be encrypted, and these images are then encrypted into a single white-noise-like intensity image in a single shot. A multi-mode iterative phase-retrieval algorithm is used in the decryption to reconstruct the amplitudes and phases of the secret images simultaneously. Both computer simulations and optical experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Target alignment technology is one of the most critical technologies in laser fusion experiments and is an important technology related to the success of laser fusion experiments. In this study, by ...combining the open-loop and closed-loop errors of the target alignment, the Kalman state observer is used to estimate the position of the target, which improves the observation precision of the target alignment. Then the optimized result is used to guide the alignment of the target. This method can greatly optimize the target alignment error and reduce uncertainty. With the improvement of the target alignment precision, it will greatly improve the reliability and repeatability of the experiments’ results, thereby improving the success rate of the experiments.
•We discussed the common schemes of target alignment system, and their errors.•We applied the position estimation based on redundant measurement in the target alignment system in SG–II–U facility.•We discussed the stability and effectiveness of position estimation based on redundant measurement, and analyzed the function of the system.
The ridge-tail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, is an important economic shrimp in the mariculture of China, especially in Jiangsu Province. The “zombie disease” of ridge-tail prawn is a new ...epidemic that is a highly transmissible and pathogenic fungal disease caused by Metschnikowia bicuspidate infection. To understand the response mechanism of E. carinicauda after M. bicuspidate infection, the hepatopancreas of shrimp injected with M. bicuspidate MQ2101 and normal saline solution were used for proteomics analysis. A total of 5078 proteins were identified, of which 1708 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, 1311 upregulated and 397 downregulated) using a 1.2-fold change in expression as a physiologically significant benchmark. These DEPs were mainly involved in cellular processes, single-organism processes, and metabolic processes in the GO enrichment analysis and metabolism, translation, signal transduction, cell growth and death, and immune system pathways in the KEGG enrichment analysis. The DEPs related to immunity and metabolism were significantly changed, such as CTSB, CPs, DSP1, GDP, and ADH3, and these proteins might be potential determinants of E. carinicauda responses to M. bicuspidata infection. qRTPCR was used to detect changes in the expression of nine DEP-related genes at the transcriptional level to validate the proteomics analysis results, and the results of the transcription tendencies in qRTPCR were consistent with proteomics analysis. The results of this study might provide an important theoretical basis for the response mechanism of ridge-tail white prawns to M. bicuspidate infection and scientific prevention and control of this fungus in ridge-tail white prawn aquaculture.
The data that support the results of this present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
●Proteome sequencing and analysis of E. carinicauda after M. bicuspidata infection was firstly performed.●DEPs of E. carinicauda between M. bicuspidata infection and control groups were firstly compared.●M. bicuspidata infection caused the DEPs related to immunity and metabolism were significantly changed.
Based on the 1.1 μm laser radiation obtained by parametrically amplifying Yb:YAG laser using frequency doubling of Nd:YAG laser, a 220 nm deep-UV coherent source was systematically presented via the ...efficient fifth-harmonic generation (FiHG) in NH4H2PO4 (ADP) and KD2PO4 (DKDP) crystals. In ADP crystals, noncritical phase-matching (NCPM) fourth-harmonic generation (FHG) and FiHG were realized at 109.4 and 31.6 °C, respectively. For DKDP crystals, we demonstrated the critical phase-matching FHG at 57.5 °C and verified that NCPM FiHG can be achieved at 38.7 °C, which was the first demonstration of the FiHG using the DKDP crystal to our knowledge. The energy-dependent conversion efficiencies, angular acceptances, and temperature acceptances of these nonlinear processes were systematically measured. The highest total conversion efficiencies from 1.1 μm to the fifth harmonic in ADP and DKDP crystals were 17.5% and 23.6%, respectively. Owing to the large-aperture availability of KDP-family crystals, this work paves the way for the generation and application of high-energy and high-peak-power deep-UV laser radiation.
As a potential threat to human health, ingestion of microplastics (MPs) has become of concern. Limited studies have carefully characterized the occurrence of MPs in polypropylene-made takeout food ...containers (TOFCs), which have been widely used in China. In this study, TOFC samples (n = 210) were collected from seven Chinese cities (Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xining, Chengdu, Qingdao, and Dalian) and analyzed for MPs. All the TOFC samples contained MPs, with an abundance of 3−43 items/TOFC. The TOFCs from Chengdu (25 items/TOFC) contained the highest mean abundance of MPs, which is significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that from Shanghai (8.7 items/TOFC). Fiber accounted for 66−87% of the total for the shape of the MPs in the TOFCs from the different Chinese cities. Most of the MPs in the TOFCs from the different cities had a size of 201−500 μm and accounted for a mean 34−42% of the total MPs in the TOFCs. The major color type of the MPs in the TOFCs was transparent, accounting for a mean 39 (Qingdao)−73% (Hangzhou) of the total MPs. Polymer compositions of the MPs in the TOFCs were consistently dominated by polypropylene, which represented a mean 56−73% of the total MPs. The estimated daily intake of MPs for the general Chinese population through using TOFCs was in the range of 0.042−0.14 items/kg bw/day. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study investigating the occurrence of MPs in TOFCs from China, which contributes to a better understanding of the sources of human oral exposure to MPs.
As an omnivorous species, crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) have varying feeding habits in different environments. However, little is known about the diet of crayfish under different fertilization ...patterns in rice-crayfish cocultures. In this study, we investigated the effect of fertilization on growth performance, dietary composition and isotopic niche of crayfish in a rice-crayfish coculture system. Four experimental treatments were established: no fertilizer (CK), slow-release fertilizer (HS), crayfish rice fertilizer (XD) and compound fertilizer (FH). The results showed that HS and FH could significantly promote crayfish growth, and the growth of crayfish treated with HS was the best. Fertilization patterns had significant effects on the dietary composition of crayfish. The food source of unfertilized crayfish was relatively balanced. However, in the HS, XD and FH treatments, particulate organic matter increased with contribution rates of 34.04%, 56.89% and 42.86%, respectively. In addition, the artificial feed intake of crayfish in the FH group was the lowest. The isotopic niche revealed that crayfish in the HS group significant increased in the direction of the δ15N axis. Based on routine economic indicators, slow-release fertilizer was suitable for the rice-crayfish coculture system. These findings could provide scientific guidance for the selection of the fertilization mode in rice-crayfish coculture system and the exploration of healthy crayfish culture models.
•We investigated the effect of fertilization and feed on the growth and diet of crayfish.•The slow-release fertilizer was optimal for crayfish growth.•POM became the main food source of crayfish after fertilization.•The feed intake of crayfish was lowest in the treatment with compound fertilizer.•The slow-release was suitable for practical production.
Ptychography is a lensless imaging technique that is capable of reconstructing an object and illumination simultaneously by scanning the object at several positions with respect to a localized ...illumination beam. It has emerged as a powerful tool with applications ranging from high resolution imaging to optical metrology. A precise image reconstruction in ptychography is of utmost importance in several applications. An error in the measurement of the object–detector distance was found to affect the reliability of the reconstructed probe and the object. Several axial distance correction algorithms have been proposed to address the issue. However, the additional axial distance correction increases the complexity of the reconstruction algorithm. In this study, a detailed theoretical analysis of the relationship between the reconstructed images and the object–detector distance error is presented. It shows that high resolution object and probe images can still be reconstructed without an axial distance correction algorithm. The theoretical analysis is quantitatively studied by numerical simulations and experimental results.
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