Recent advances in our understanding of lipid peroxidation, a degenerative process that is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, are highlighted. In particular, the ...factors that control the kinetics and regio-/stereochemical outcomes of the autoxidation of both polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols and the subsequent decomposition of the hydroperoxide products to cytotoxic derivatives are discussed. These advances promise to help clarify the role of lipid peroxidation in cell death and human disease.
High throughput single cell multi-omics platforms, such as mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight; CyTOF), high dimensional imaging (>6 marker; Hyperion, MIBIscope, CODEX, MACSima) and the ...recently evolved genomic cytometry (Citeseq or REAPseq) have enabled unprecedented insights into many biological and clinical questions, such as hematopoiesis, transplantation, cancer, and autoimmunity. In synergy with constantly adapting new single-cell analysis approaches and subsequent accumulating big data collections from these platforms, whole atlases of cell types and cellular and sub-cellular interaction networks are created. These atlases build an ideal scientific discovery environment for reference and data mining approaches, which often times reveals new cellular disease networks. In this review we will discuss how combinations and fusions of different -omic workflows on a single cell level can be used to examine cellular phenotypes, immune effector functions, and even dynamic changes, such as metabolomic state of different cells in a sample or even in a defined tissue location. We will touch on how pre-print platforms help in optimization and reproducibility of workflows, as well as community outreach. We will also shortly discuss how leveraging single cell multi-omic approaches can be used to accelerate cellular biomarker discovery during clinical trials to predict response to therapy, follow responsive cell types, and define novel druggable target pathways. Single cell proteome approaches already have changed how we explore cellular mechanism in disease and during therapy. Current challenges in the field are how we share these disruptive technologies to the scientific communities while still including new approaches, such as genomic cytometry and single cell metabolomics.
Adipokines in interstitial lung diseases Zielinski, M.; Chwalba, A.; Jastrzebski, D. ...
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology,
September 2023, 2023-09-00, 20230901, Letnik:
315
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogenic group of respiratory diseases with complex pathogenesis. A growing number of evidence suggests role of adipose tissue and it’s hormones (adipokines) ...in pathogenesis of various disorders, including lung tissue diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of selected adipokines and their receptors (apelin, adiponectin, chemerin, chemerin receptor - CMKLR1) in patients with IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and sarcoidosis in comparison to healthy controls. We found changes in adipokines concentrations in ILD. Adiponectin concentrations were higher in all respiratory diseases patients in comparison to healthy controls. Apelin concentration in ILD patients was higher then those in healthy subjects. The trend of chemerin and CMKLR1 concentrations were similar, with highest concentrations seen in sarcoidosis. The study shows a difference of adipokines concentrations between patients with ILD and healthy controls. Adipokines are a potential marker and therapeutic target in patients with IPF and sarcoidosis.
•There is a significant change in adipokines levels in interstitial lung diseases.•Interstitial lung diseases etiopathogenesis is connected with adipokines hormones axis.•Adipokines constitute a potentially important target for interstitial lung diseases therapy.
Abstract
WLV steel (32CrMoV12-28) with a density 7.80 g/cm
3
at room temperature (RT) was used to study the temperature characteristics of thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion in the temperature ...range from RT to 1100°C Two types of NETZSCH flash devices were used, i.e. low-temperature LFA 467 and high-temperature LFA 427. A sample of NETZSCH Inconel 600 with a density of 8.35 g/cm
3
at room temperature in the temperature range from RT to 480°C was used as the reference material. The reference material was used to determine the thermal conductivity and specific heat by the comparative method. The results of thermal diffusivity tests of WLV steel made with the LFA 467 and LFA 427 apparatus turned out to be consistent with each other. Measurements of thermal expansion of WLV steel were carried out using a NETZSCH DIL 402 C dilatometer. The results of thermal expansion studies indicated a ferrite-austenite phase transition at 835°C, which causes shrinkage of the material. WLV steel has been tested for military use as barrel steel. The paper presents the thermophysical properties of this steel in a wide range of temperatures so that they can be used as input data for numerical simulations of heat transfer in cannon barrels.
We demonstrate that the quantum dot-confined dark exciton forms a long-lived integer spin solid-state qubit that can be deterministically on-demand initiated in a pure state by one optical pulse. ...Moreover, we show that this qubit can be fully controlled using short optical pulses, which are several orders of magnitude shorter than the life and coherence times of the qubit. Our demonstrations do not require an externally applied magnetic field, and they establish that the quantum dot-confined dark exciton forms an excellent solid-state matter qubit with some advantages over the half-integer spin qubits, such as the confined electron and hole, separately. Since quantum dots are semiconductor nanostructures that allow integration of electronic and photonic components, the dark exciton may have important implications for implementations of quantum technologies consisting of semiconductor qubits.
A novel approach to tomographic data processing has been developed and evaluated using the Jagiellonian positron emission tomography scanner as an example. We propose a system in which there is no ...need for powerful, local to the scanner processing facility, capable to reconstruct images on the fly. Instead, we introduce a field programmable gate array system-on-chip platform connected directly to data streams coming from the scanner, which can perform event building, filtering, coincidence search, and region-of-response reconstruction by the programmable logic and visualization by the integrated processors. The platform significantly reduces data volume converting raw data to a list-mode representation, while generating visualization on the fly.
Recent tests of a single module of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography system (J-PET) consisting of 30 cm long plastic scintillator strips have proven its applicability for the detection of ...annihilation quanta (0.511 MeV) with a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 0.266 ns. The achieved resolution is almost by a factor of two better with respect to the current TOF-PET detectors and it can still be improved since, as it is shown in this article, the intrinsic limit of time resolution for the determination of time of the interaction of 0.511 MeV gamma quanta in plastic scintillators is much lower. As the major point of the article, a method allowing to record timestamps of several photons, at two ends of the scintillator strip, by means of matrix of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) is introduced. As a result of simulations, conducted with the number of SiPM varying from 4 to 42, it is shown that the improvement of timing resolution saturates with the growing number of photomultipliers, and that the Formula: see text configuration at two ends allowing to read twenty timestamps, constitutes an optimal solution. The conducted simulations accounted for the emission time distribution, photon transport and absorption inside the scintillator, as well as quantum efficiency and transit time spread of photosensors, and were checked based on the experimental results. Application of the Formula: see text matrix of SiPM allows for achieving the coincidence resolving time in positron emission tomography of Formula: see text0.170 ns for 15 cm axial field-of-view (AFOV) and Formula: see text0.365 ns for 100 cm AFOV. The results open perspectives for construction of a cost-effective TOF-PET scanner with significantly better TOF resolution and larger AFOV with respect to the current TOF-PET modalities.
We show that a dimer made of two gold nanospheres exhibits a remarkable efficiency for second-harmonic generation under femtosecond optical excitation. The detectable nonlinear emission for the given ...particle size and excitation wavelength arises when the two nanoparticles are as close as possible to contact, as in situ controlled and measured using the tip of an atomic force microscope. The excitation wavelength dependence of the second-harmonic signal supports a coupled plasmon resonance origin with radiation from the dimer gap. This nanometer-size light source might be used for high-resolution near-field optical microscopy.
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