U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja i to putem elektrostatičkog naboja. Primjenom elektronskih uređaja postiže se učinkovitija i daleko preciznija zaštita bilja koja ...predstavlja sve veći izazov tijekom biljne proizvodnje. Upotreba elektrostatičkog naboja prilikom apliciranja zaštitnih sredstava primjenjiva je u klasičnoj konvencionalnoj proizvodnji i u ekološkoj biljnoj proizvodnji što doprinosi još većem interesu poljoprivrednika. U radu su prikazani različiti poljoprivredni sustavi za apliciranje zaštitnih sredstava uz pomoć elektrostatičkog naboja.
U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja i to putem termičke zaštite, korištenjem podtlačnih i nadtlačnih sustava, primjenom mehaničkim putem četkastih kultivatora i ...primjenom suvremenih robota. Upotrebom navedenih načina omogućuje se suzbijanje štetočinja ekološkim putem koji je sve nužniji u svakodnevnoj biljnoj proizvodnji. U radu će biti dana pojašnjenja i principi rada pomoću kojih je moguće učinkovito i relativno brzo suzbiti štetočine. Uporabom navedenih omogućuje se potpuno ekološka biljna proizvodnja bez negativnih posljedica za okoliš i krajnjeg korisnika.
Opis sustava za preciznu zaštitu bilja Šumanovac, Luka; Jurišić, Mladen; Lukač, Petar ...
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
12/2021, Letnik:
44., Številka:
6.
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja. Primjenom navigacijskih sustava sa korekcijskim signalom visoke točnosti (RTK) te upotrebom senzora OptRx omogućena je precizna ...aplikacija kemijskih sredstava putem izrađene karte zaštite bilja. Korištenjem telematskih sustava omogućuje se rukovateljima strojeva mogućnost grupnog rada na istoj proizvodnoj površini te uvid u stanje usjeva dostupno u realnom vremenu. Razvojem tehnologije slanja informacija o stanju proizvodne površine omogućeno je isto slati u virtualni oblak (cloud) gdje se one mogu analizirati ručno ili korištenjem strojnog učenja (machine learning).
The paper depicts sensors in precision agriculture. It encompasses the most significant and frequently used sensors in agriculture. Furthermore, the paper explains the main sensor types according to ...their design, the recorded range of electromagnetic spectrum, as well as the way of detection, recording, measuring, and representation of the detected energy. The development of remote research has provided deeper understanding of remote sensors and their advantages. The sensors installed on soil testing equipment, fertilizing and crop protection machinery, as well as crop picking machinery have been analyzed relative to precision farming. The paper depicts widely known sensors OptRx, ISARIA and VRT technology. The results of the paper assess the data collected by sensors and processed in order to produce maps for agrotechnical operations. The application of maps decreases the employment of human resources, heightens the capacity of data collection, increases the precision of agricultural activities, and finally results in decreasing the cost of final products. The technological progress over the past decade has enabled the development of technology with variable application standards (VRT) that, according to current needs, enables input optimization.
Prije sedam godina (2016. godine) u Republici Hrvatskoj uvedeno je obavezno testiranje uređaja i strojeva za aplikaciju pesticida. Ispitivanje tehničke ispravnosti uređaja i strojeva provodi se svake ...3 godine u ovlaštenim ispitnim stanicama. Prema dosadašnjim podacima stanje tehničke ispravnosti uređaja i strojeva u RH prije sedam godina bilo je nezadovoljavajuće (loše). Međutim 2022. godine utvrđeno je da je prilikom testiranja bilo preko 88% ispravnih strojeva, bez obzira što je prosječna starost strojeva preko 21 godinu. U radu su putem Fitosanitarnog informacijskog sustava i analizom rezultata testiranja prikazani podaci o broju orošivača, prosječnoj starosti, proizvođaču, tipu stroja i najčešćim kvarovima.
Previous research in continental Croatia indicated that cropland suitability levels are highly variable and existing natural resources could be better utilized. To overcome this issue, a method of ...multilevel Geographic information system (GIS)-based multicriteria analysis based on Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for maize cropland suitability determination was proposed and evaluated. Free spatial data and free open-source software were implemented in the research in 250 m spatial resolution. The effects of air temperature, precipitation, soil and topography were modelled with the multilevel approach to avoid inconsistency in pairwise comparison due to criteria count. The maize suitability index (MSI) was calculated using the weighted linear combination, with higher values indicating proportionally higher suitability. According to the results of the AHP method, the weight consistency ratio was lower than the borderline value (0.042 < 0.100). Soil type and mean air temperature in June had the most impact on the suitability result, with 14.3% and 13.6% influence, respectively. The highest MSI values were achieved along the Sava River, especially in the proximity of Sisak and Nova Gradiška, resulting up to 3.9 of the possible 5.0. The sensitivity analysis of criteria indicated precipitation data in May, July and August particularly impactful in continental Croatia, while mean air temperature in September had very low variability of the suitability and was the least impactful on calculated MSI values.
Unazad dvadesetak godina na području Pitomače i Virovitice se intenzivirao uzgoj ljekovitog bilja, a posebno kamilice. Tako da je Republika Hrvatska jedna od najvećih proizvođača ljekovitog bilja u ...Europi. Najviše se izvozi u Italiju, Njemačku i skandinavske zemlje. Potvrđeno je da je ljekovito bilje (a tako i kamilica) najkvalitetnija u ovom dijelu Europe. U radu je prikazana suvremena linija strojeva i opreme za berbu i doradu kamilice.
Field studies were conducted in the northeastern part of the Republic of Croatia to determine the influence of the critical period of weed interference on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) yield, yield ...components, and oil content. For this purpose, different durations of competition were established, allowing weeds to infest the crop for increasing periods of time after planting or maintaining plots weed-free for increasing periods of time after planting. The beginning and the end of the critical period of weed control (CPWC), based on a 5% and 10% loss of sunflower yield, were determined by fitting the four-parameter log-logistic equations to the relative seed yield. The total weed biomass increased progressively in relation to the increase in the competition. The beginning of the CPWC period, based on a 5% acceptable yield loss, ranged from 141 to 234 growing degree days (GDD), which corresponded to the two-to-four true leaf development stage (the V2–V4 growth stages) across both sites and years. The crop had to be kept weed-free until a period when sunflower inflorescence began to open and flower (the R4–R5 growth stage) or from 1365 to 1932 GDD. The sunflower yield and yield components varied between the years and among locations. An increasing duration of weed interference negatively affected crop height, head diameter, and 1000-kernel weight, but not seed oil content.
The introduction of precision agriculture increased the efficiency of plant production, while simultaneously reducing the production cost. Precision irrigation can be considered as the combination of ...sensors, computer software and irrigation systems. Precision irrigation has reduced water consumption and increased yields, and thus increased economic profits. The development of new crop monitoring technologies in precision irrigation has been made possible by the imaging and analysis of real-time crop condition data. The aim of this study was to describe the present state and possibilities of precision irrigation in practice in the EU and Croatia. An overview of the current precision irrigation technologies, as well as its adaptive management to the decision-making in agricultural water management, represents a fundamental basis for future practical studies in precision irrigation.
The paper depicts agricultural robots that can perform complex tasks. Fast development and application of agricultural robotics is a result of increased development of agricultural machinery. Robots ...are complex and intelligent systems with a significant role in agriculture that are becoming an integral part of both the technological and scientific progress. The paper presents some important roles of robots and robotic systems in various agricultural areas and explains the deployment of new technologies supported by the examples of their application in arable farming, horticulture, and forestry. Robotics application decreases the deployment of human resources, enables significant production cost savings, and increases production capacity. The application of robotic systems facilitates high precision levels and repetition speed regarding time and space, which cannot be replicated by farmers
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