Costly data movement in terms of time and energy in traditional von Neumann systems is exacerbated by emerging information technologies related to artificial intelligence. In‐memory computing (IMC) ...architecture aims to address this problem. Although the IMC hardware prototype represented by a memristor is developed rapidly and performs well, the sneak path issue is a critical and unavoidable challenge prevalent in large‐scale and high‐density crossbar arrays, particularly in three‐dimensional (3D) integration. As a perfect solution to the sneak‐path issue, a self‐rectifying memristor (SRM) is proposed for 3D integration because of its superior integration density. To date, SRMs have performed well in terms of power consumption (aJ level) and scalability (>102 Mbit). Moreover, SRM‐configured 3D integration is considered an ideal hardware platform for 3D IMC. This review focuses on the progress in SRMs and their applications in 3D memory, IMC, neuromorphic computing, and hardware security. The advantages, disadvantages, and optimization strategies of SRMs in diverse application scenarios are illustrated. Challenges posed by physical mechanisms, fabrication processes, and peripheral circuits, as well as potential solutions at the device and system levels, are also discussed.
This review summarizes the research progress in self‐rectifying memristors (SRM) and SRM‐based applications including 3D memory, in‐memory computing, neuromorphic computing, and hardware security. Through a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of SRMs in different application scenarios, as well as challenges at the device, 3D integration, and peripheral circuit levels, corresponding research ideas and potential solutions are proposed.
Direct reduction of iron ore by biomass char Zuo, Hai-bin; Hu, Zheng-wen; Zhang, Jian-liang ...
International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials,
06/2013, Letnik:
20, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
By using thermogravimetric analysis the process and mechanism of iron ore reduced by biomass char were investigated and compared with those reduced by coal and coke. It is found that biomass char has ...a higher reactivity. The increase of carbon-to-oxygen mole ratio （C/O） can lead to the enhancement of reaction rate and reduction fraction, but cannot change the temperature and trend of each reaction. The reaction temperature of hematite reduced by biomass char is at least 100 K lower than that reduced by coal and coke, the maximum reaction rate is 1.57 times as high as that of coal, and the final reaction fraction is much higher. Model calculation indicates that the use of burden composed of biomass char and iron ore for blast furnaces can probably decrease the temperature of the thermal reserve zone and reduce the CO equilibrium concentration.
Background Sentinel lymph node （SLN） biopsy has become a common procedure for early breast cancer patients. The GeneSearchTM Breast Lymph Node （BLN） Assay is a real-time RT-PCR assay for the ...detecting nodal metastases larger than 0.2 mm. China Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group （CBCSG）-001a is a prospective multi-center clinical trial that was conducted to validate the GeneSearchTM BLN Assay in China.
Dear Editor, A multi-domain protein consists of two or more well-folded domains connected by flexible linkers, which may lead to large scale inter-domain motions related to the protein function. ...Therefore, it is appropriate to represent a flexible multi-domain protein by an ensemble of structures contain- ing multiple conformational states （Bernad5 and Blackledge, 2010）. Although X-ray crystallography is currently the most popular technique for structure determination, it would be rather challenging to solve structure of such a flexible multi- domain protein since it is hard to obtain high-quality crystals if the protein does not stabilize in a dominant conformation.
The urban expansion process in China from the 1970s to 2013 was retrieved based on remote sensing and GIS technology. With the latest zoning method used as reference, annual expansion area per city, ...urban expansion type, and fractal dimension index were employed to analyze the Chinese urban expansion characteristics and its spatial difference from the aspects of urban expansion process, influence of urban expansion on land use, and urban spatial morphological evolutions. Results indicate that 1） under the powerful guidance of policies, urban expansion in China went through six different stages, and cities in the eastern region entered the rapid expansion period the earliest, followed by cities in the central, northeastern and western regions; 2） cultivated lands and rural settlements and industrial traffic lands were the important land sources for urban expansion in China; the influence of urban expansion on land use in the eastern region was the strongest, followed by the central, northeastern and western regions; 3） urban spatial morphology tended to be complex and was directly related to the adopted spatial expansion mode. Infilling expansion became the main urban expansion mode in the western region first, then in the central and northeastern regions, and finally in the eastern region. This study establishes the foundation for an in-depth recognition of urban expansion in China and optimization of future urban planning.
Effect of CaCl2 on RDI and RI of Sinter ZHANG, Xu; ZHANG, Jian-liang; HU, Zheng-wen ...
Journal of iron and steel research, international,
11/2010, Letnik:
17, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
On the premise of maintaining the reducibility of sinter unchanged, it is of great significance to reduce the RDI （reduction degradation index） of sinter, which will improve the permeability of blast ...furnace burden column, so as to realize stable and smooth performance, and keep high yield and low consumption. Under laboratory conditions, a study on the RDI and RI （reduction index） of sinter was proposed, in which the sinter was immersed in solutions with different types and concentrations. In order to study the mechanism of CaCl2 effect on the RDI and RI of sinter, analysis based on the methods of IR spectra, SEM and chaleography was adopted. The results show that Cl^- is the main factor reducing the RDI of sinter, and the RDI and RI of sinter decrease with the increase of Cl^- concentration. With comprehensive consideration of the RDI and RI of sinter, when the concentration of Cl^ is 2%, the RDI of sinter will be significantly reduced and RI will not be affected.
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