Edema is one of the obvious indicators of inflammation and a crucial factor to take into account when assessing a substance's capacity to reduce inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the ...antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory profile of the hydroethanolic barks extract of Ximenia americana (HEXA). The possible antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of EHXA (50, 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg v.o) was evaluated using the paw edema induced by carrageenan, zymosan, dextran, CFA and by different agents inflammatory (serotonin, histamine, arachidonic acid and PGE2), and pleurisy model induced by carrageenan and its action on IL-1β and TNF-α levels was also evaluated. HEXA demonstrated a significant antiedematogenic effect at concentrations of 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg on paw edema induced by carrageenan, zymosan and dextran. However, the concentration of 50 mg/kg as standard, demonstrating the effect in the subchronic model, induced CFA with inhibition of 59.06 %. In models of histamine-induced paw edema, HEXA showed inhibition of − 30 min: 40.49 %, 60 min: 44.70 % and 90 min: 48.98 %; serotonin inhibition - 30 min: 57.09 %, 60 min: 66.04 % and 90 min: 61.79 %; arachidonic acid inhibition - 15 min: 36.54 %, 30 min: 51.10 %, 45 min: 50.32 % and 60 min: 76.17 %; and PGE2 inhibition - 15 min: 67.78 %, 30 min: 62.30 %, 45 min: 54.25 % and 60 min: 47.92 %. HEXA significantly reduced (p < 0.01) leukocyte migration in the pleurisy model and reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels in pleural lavage (p < 0.0001). The results showed that HEXA has the potential to have an antiedematogenic impact in both acute and chronic inflammation processes, with a putative mode of action including the suppression or regulation of inflammatory mediators.
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides can enhance the bioavailability of drugs. Ocimum basilicum is an aromatic plant found in Brazil used in culinary. The essential oil of this plant ...presents anti-edematogenic and anti-inflammatory activities in acute and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil obtained from O. basilicum complexed with β – cyclodextrin (OBEO/β-CD) in mice. The complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was performed by different methods and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using mice models of paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and arachidonic acid (AA); vascular permeability and peritonitis induced by carrageenan and granuloma induced by cotton block introduction. The DSC, TG and SEM analysis indicated that the OBEO was successfully complexed with β-CD. The oral administration of OEOB/β-CD prevented paw edema formation by decreasing vascular permeability in vivo, inhibited leukocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity, and inhibited granuloma formation in mice. Our results indicate that conjugation with β-CD improves the anti-inflammatory effects of OBEO in mice models of acute and chronic inflammation, indicating that this complex can be used in anti-inflammatory drug development.
Natural products such as essential oils with antioxidant potential can reduce the level of oxidative stress and prevent the oxidation of biomolecules. In the present study, we investigated the ...antioxidant potential of
leaf essential oil (EOLM) in chemical and biological models using
.
in addition, the chemical components of the oil were identified and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the percentage compositions were obtained from electronic integration measurements using flame ionization detection (FID).
our results demonstrated that EOLM is rich in terpenes with Germacrene-D (31.27%) and β-caryophyllene (28.15%) as the major components. EOLM (0.12-0.48 g/mL) was ineffective in scavenging DPPH radical, and chelating Fe(II), but showed reducing activity at 0.24 g/mL and 0.48 g/mL. In in vivo studies, exposure of
to EOLM (0.12-0.48 g/mL) for 5 h resulted in 10% mortality; no change in oxidative stress parameters such as total thiol, non-protein thiol, and malondialdehyde contents, in comparison to control (
> 0.05).
taken together, our results indicate EOLM may not be toxic at the concentrations tested, and thus may not be suitable for the development of new botanical insecticides, such as fumigants or spray-type control agents against
.
Este trabalho apresenta resultados de tese de doutorado que teve por objetivo analisar as implicações dos movimentos pela mercantilização e democratização do conhecimento na Educação. Apresentamos ...aqui de que maneira o conhecimento, como bem imaterial, nasce "livre" e vai se tornando uma mercadoria por meio do movimento de mercantilização, que tem atuado, com maior evidência, nas artes (música e cinema), no entretenimento (games), na tecnologia (softwares) e na ciência (literatura científica). Para esta demonstração, perpassamos pela reflexão sobre o conhecimento, a mercadoria, a mercadoria como conhecimento, o histórico desse processo e as suas manifestações concretas em nosso tempo presente, seja por meio de esforços de manutenção do status quo ou da criação de novas mecanismos jurídicos ou tecnologia para a continuidade e ampliação dessa visão de mundo.
Inflammation is a protective response of the organism against damaging agents, this process is considered beneficial, however in some situations, this response can be damage when exacerbated effect ...are present. This claim objective to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative chemical profile, acute toxic and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves from Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schlecht.) K. Schum. (HELTF). Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-DAD and colorimetric assay. The topical anti-inflammatory activity was determined in Croton oil-induced ear edema assay and systemic activity was performed in vascular permeability, paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran. Phytochemical analysis of leaves from HELTF showed presence of tannin, flavonoid, saponins an other that confirmed by HPLC analysis. The extract did not cause significant with LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg and did not promote significate reduction in topical inflammatory process. However, HELTF demonstrate significant reduction of paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran. The HELTF (200 mg/kg) reduced the protein/cell migration in the intradermal carrageenan-induced inflammation. Our results demonstrated that the first time the chemical profile and describe the effective action in systemic anti-inflammatory, antiedematogenic activity and low acute toxicity. This activity presents, supporting its traditional use. However, new studies are necessary for the detection and clarification of the possible mechanism of action.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-edematogenic activity of X. americana L. (HEXA) hydroethanolic extract in ear edema models (acute and chronic) induced by croton oil and by different ...phlogistic agents (arachidonic acid, capsaicin, phenol and histamine), identifying the possible anti-edematogenic mechanism. HEXA demonstrated a significant anti-edematogenic effect at concentrations of 100–500 μg/ear in ear edema induced by croton oil with higher inhibition of edema of 39.37. However, the concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/ear were taken as a standard, demonstrating the effect in the chronic model induced by croton oil with inhibition of 61.62% and 48.74%. In the AA-induced ear edema model, HEXA showed inhibition of: 24.45% and 32.31%; capsaicin inhibition of 72.72% and 47.57%; phenol inhibition of 34% and 20.1%; and histamine inhibition of 31.8% and 21.62%. Then, the results were showed that HEXA demonstrated an anti-edematogenic effect in acute and chronic inflammation models, demonstrating a probable mechanism of action by the inhibition or modulation of key mediators of the inflammatory process. The chemical profile and presence of flavonoids guaranteeing a profile of activity similar to natural drugs that act or modulate the production of mediators of inflammations.
Inflammation makes up a set of vascularized tissue reactions acting in the defense of the body against harmful stimuli. Natural products are a lower cost alternative with better benefit, often used ...in popular medicine in the treatment of inflammatory processes. Several species from the genus Croton have scientifically proven anti-inflammatory action.
This study aims to analyze the chemical composition of the Croton campestris A. St.-Hil essential oil (EOCC), derived from fresh leaves, as well as to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential and the possible mechanisms of action of the EOCC and its constituent β-caryophyllene.
The assays were performed in in vivo models of acute and chronic inflammation. Initially, the chemical composition of the EOCC was determined and its oral toxicity was evaluated, followed by the evaluation of its topical antiedematogenic effect through acute and chronic ear edema induced by Croton oil. For the systemic verification of an anti-inflammatory action, the abdominal contortions, formalin test, paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and arachidonic acid models, as well as a peritonitis test, vascular permeability and granuloma assays were performed.
The evaluation of the essential oil chemical composition revealed the presence of β-caryophyllene (15.91%), 1,8-cineol (16.98%) and germacrene-D (14.51%) as its main constituents. The EOCC had no relevant clinical toxicity on oral administration, with an LD50 of more than 5000 mg/kg. The tested substances showed anti-inflammatory action in the abdominal contortions, paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and arachidonic acid models, the formalin test, peritonitis test and vascular permeability; however, β-caryophyllene had no significant effect on the granuloma assay. This suggests as a hypothesis that both substances tested showed significant influence on the arachidonic acid and histamine pathway reducing edema in these models.
The tested substances have a clinically safe profile, additionally the EOCC and β-caryophyllene presented relevant anti-inflammatory activity. This study supports the hypothesis that β-caryophyllene, in association with other constituents present in the EOCC such as 1,8-cineole, contributed to the anti-inflammatory effect observed, in addition to suggesting that one of the mechanisms of action probably involves the inhibition of cytokines with the involvement of the arachidonic acid and histamine pathways.
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Considerando a importância da utilização de recursos tecnológicos no contexto escolar, neste artigo, analisamos software livres ou gratuitos para a alfabetização da leitura e escrita no Ensino ...Fundamental. Realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que contou com a apresentação dos software em suas relações com os “Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais” e os “Direitos de Aprendizagem do Ciclo de Alfabetização do Ensino Fundamental”. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram a existência de um grande número desse tipo de software, nos quais percebemos potencialidades e limitações. Concluímos que o papel do professor é fundamental na escolha desses aplicativos, pois nessa escolha é importante considerar qual concepção de ensino de língua está implícito na proposta de utilização do software.
Considerando a importância da utilização de recursos tecnológicos no contexto escolar, neste artigo, analisamos software livres ou gratuitos para a alfabetização da leitura e escrita no Ensino ...Fundamental. Realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que contou com a apresentação dos software em suas relações com os “Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais” e os “Direitos de Aprendizagem do Ciclo de Alfabetização do Ensino Fundamental”. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram a existência de um grande número desse tipo de software, nos quais percebemos potencialidades e limitações. Concluímos que o papel do professor é fundamental na escolha desses aplicativos, pois nessa escolha é importante considerar qual concepção de ensino de língua está implícito na proposta de utilização do software.
The genus Ocimum are used in cooking, however, their essential oils are utilized in traditional medicine as aromatherapy. The present study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition and ...systemic anti-inflammatory activity of the Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EOOB) and its major component estragole, as well as its possible mechanisms of action. The Ocimum basilicum essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The anti-inflammatory action was verified using acute and chronic in vivo tests as paw edema, peritonitis, and vascular permeability and granulomatous inflammation model. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of action was analyzed by the participation of histamine and arachidonic acid pathways. The chemical profile analysis identified fourteen components present in the essential oil, within them: estragole (60.96%). The in vivo test results show that treatment with EOOB (100 and 50 mg/kg) and estragole (60 and 30 mg/kg) significantly reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran. The smallest doses of EOOB (50 mg/kg) and estragole (30 mg/kg) showed efficacy in the reduction of paw edema induced by histamine and arachidonic acid, vascular permeability inhibition and leukocyte emigration in the peritoneal fluid. Theses doses were capable of reducing the chronic inflammatory process. The results observed between the EOOB and estragole demonstrate efficacy in anti-inflammatory activity, however, the essential oil is more efficacious in the acute and chronic anti-inflammatory action. This study confirms the therapeutic potential of this plant and reinforces the validity of its use in popular medicine.
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•Determination of chemical finger print of EOOB by GC-MS.•Screening of activity show anti-inflammatory action of essential oil and Estragole majority compound of EOOB.•Screening of activity show anti-edematogenic action of essential oil and Estragole majority compound of EOOB.•Elucidations of mechanism of actions by histamine and arachidonic assay.
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