The tourism construct is a disruptive capitalist production of space that has generated and is generating new urban forms. Many architectural and morphological studies have specifically analysed its ...different models, but there is a lack of studies comparing their features. This comparative study examines four types of tourism construct related to the evolution of capitalism (including pre-Fordism, Fordism, and post-Fordism) and different types of tourist cities. Architectural iconicity, morphological patterns, and spatial metrics are analysed in relation to the economic, social, and cultural characteristics generated. The results suggest that high-density pre-Fordist and Fordist tourism constructs facilitate social relations and a greater capacity to generate the city, whereas lower-density post-Fordist constructs have higher environmental costs (an increase in private green areas and bodies of water) and social costs due to architectural iconicity. The article assesses the relationship between the architectural and urban variables to be considered in the planning tourist destinations in the capitalist production of tourist space.
Abstract The touristification agenda has had considerable representation in the media in recent years because of tourism specialisation in cities. Existing literature has focused on using content ...analysis; however, previous content analyses have not typically been mapped. The main objectives were to conduct an in-depth measurement of urban tourism issues covered in the press and the stakeholders involved, but spatially. To show the spatial representation of touristification, Malaga is used as a case study as it is an emerging tourist city. The article analyses the content of 166 news items on touristification in Malaga published in the most-read local newspapers up to and including the year 2020. Data categorised were mapped to assign a sum of news articles about touristification issues at neighbourhood level. Density mapping shows a common pattern for each category: an over-representation of the city centre and a reduction in the number of news items per neighbourhood as we move away from the old town. A Pearson correlation coefficient shows a high spatial correlation between neighbourhoods in the press with several citizen initiatives geolocated on them. A spatial analysis shows where the negative impacts of tourism intensification happen, which may serve as a basis for the local administrations to develop an urban policy to safeguard residential use in those neighbourhoods under tourism pressure. This work serves as a basis for new research on touristification: the addition of case studies to identify common urban patterns and the definition of a social conflict index through the geolocation of the stakeholders involved.
Resumo A agenda da touristificação tem tido representação nos meios de comunicação nos últimos anos devido à especialização turística nas cidades. O estado da arte esteve focado no uso da análise de conteúdos; porém, as análise de conteúdos prévios não têm sido, tradicionalmente, cartografiados. O principal objetivo persegue um estudo aprofundado das problemáticas relacionadas com turismo urbano na imprensa e os stakeholders envolvidos nos mapas. Para mostrar a representação espacial da touristificação, foi escolhida a cidade de Málaga como caso de estudo e destino turístico emergente. O artigo analisa o conteúdo de 166 notícias sobre a touristificação em Málaga publicados até 2020, inclusive, nos jornais locais com maior impacto medido por número de leitores diários. Os tópicos tratados foram cartografados segundo o número de notícias por bairro. O mapa de densidade mostra um padrão comum para cada categoria: uma sobrerrepresentação do centro da cidade e uma redução no número de notícias por bairro segundo nos afastamos do centro histórico. Uma correlação de Pearson mostra uma alta associação entre bairros na imprensa com presença de várias iniciativas geolocalizadas nelas. Uma análise espacial expõe onde os impactos negativos da intensificação turística acontecem. Isto pode servir como base para os governos locais para o desenvolvimento de políticas urbanas para a preservação do uso residencial nestes bairros sob pressão turística. Este trabalho serve como uma base para novas investigações da touristificação: a incorporação de casos de estudo para identificar padrões urbanos comuns e para definir indicadores de conflito social através da geolocalização dos stakeholders envolvidos.
Konstrukt turizma je prelomna oblika kapitalistične produkcije prostora, ki ustvarja nove urbane oblike. V številnih arhitekturnih in morfoloških študijah so analizirali različne modele, manjkajo pa ...primerjave njihovih značilnosti. Avtorji so v članku primerjali štiri vrste turizma, povezane z razvojem kapitalizma (vključno s predfordizmom, fordizmom in postfordizmom), in različne vrste turističnih mest. V povezavi z gospodarskimi, socialnimi in kulturnimi značilnostmi so analizirali njihovo arhitekturno ikoničnost, morfološke vzorce in prostorsko metriko. Izsledki kažejo, da predfordistični in fordistični konstrukti turizma, za katere je značilna visoka gostota zazidave, spodbujajo družbene odnose in povečujejo sposobnost ustvarjanja mesta, postfordistični konstrukti turizma z nizko gostoto zazidave pa povzročajo višje okoljske stroške (porast zasebnih zelenih in vodnih površin) in višje družbene stroške zaradi arhitekturne ikoničnosti. Avtorji so proučevali povezavo med arhitekturnimi in urbanističnimi spremenljivkami, ki bi jih bilo treba upoštevati pri načrtovanju turističnih destinacij v okviru kapitalistične produkcije turističnega prostora.
Urban space design directly influences its own safety. Sometimes this security is given by urban furniture, lighting or urban facilities, among other aspects. This paper presents a methodology based ...on the development of a system of indicators that provides the opportunity to assess what qualities of urban space influence street safety. It is important to know what aspects of public space make the citizen consider it a safe place and at the same time, to contrast these data with scientific documents. The first results are shown after applying this methodology to the case study of the city of Malaga, and specifically, to a sample of streets selected based on objective criteria crime rate. For research and obtaining indicators, digital surveys have been carried out on a group of 300 people, using Google Forms and social networks. Likewise, to obtain samples of the streets with the highest and lowest crime rates, registration data has been geolocated by the tolls of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The main contribution of this document is focused on defining indicators to characterize and quantify the safety in the streets of the urban public space. These are contrasted with objective data and records of insecurity and crime, and can be applicable to any street in any city. Finally, through these indicators, it is intended to know what are the parameters that influence urban safety for future designs of public spaces, or their renovation, achieving in the future, the existence of streets with a higher level of safety.
Abstract
Today's society is in a critical situation: the prevailing linear model of the economy has led to an overexploitation of natural resources, and it has generated environmental impacts that ...affect the health of all living beings. An economic model of a cyclical nature, or circular economy, is presented as a solution in this situation. This form of economy facilitates the optimization of the useful life of materials, reducing the environmental impact, allowing products and materials to retain their value throughout the production and use cycle. The main purpose of this work is to identify urban strategies carried out by local experiences in pioneering cities that are actively committed to the development of a circular economy as an economic model of society. Cases such as Amsterdam, London, Paris or Milan stand out. The ultimate goal is to show examples that can inspire other cities and local governments to implement measures towards this new model of economy and urban development. The study of local cases throughout the strategies carried out has made possible to establish relationships between the different experiences analysed and to identify the areas with the greatest development and those in which there is less experience. Efficient waste management is one of the most explored areas and where a greater number of local initiatives have been identified. But alongside this, there are other areas that need to be explored: the efficient management of water resources, energy, or food in the city. In response to these, some urban strategies stand out: regeneration of public spaces, sustainable mobility infrastructures, renaturation of urban environments, urban limits, integration of pre-existences, citizen participation and governance are some of them. The contribution of the work focuses on the identification and classification of a whole series of urban strategies already implemented for their possible transfer to other environments.
Uno de los retos a los que se enfrentan muchos jóvenes al terminar sus estudios de formación secundaria o ciclos formativos es la elección de una carrera universitaria. La elevada tasa de abandono de ...los estudios universitarios en España, especialmente en los primeros cursos académicos, es el reflejo de elecciones inadecuadas y desajustes entre las expectativas creadas y la realidad con que se encuentra el alumnado. Según datos del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, el abandono de los estudios afecta a casi un 20% del total de los estudiantes (curso académico 2013-2014) lo que revela la necesidad de atender esta situación, buscando soluciones y nuevas medidas preventivas.
Son muchas las investigaciones que han analizado las causas de dicho abandono universitario tratando de establecer unas medidas de prevención que sean eficaces. Muchos de estos estudios coinciden en la importancia del papel de la propia universidad en la preparación de la inserción de estudiantes de bachillerato o ciclos formativos.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo prioritario profundizar en la colaboración entre centros de educación secundaria y universitarios, incidiendo en nuevos modelos colaborativos de innovación y creatividad en la etapa previa a la entrada en la universidad. La aportación más importante se traduce en mostrar una experiencia de talleres prácticos e interactivos entre alumnado de altas capacidades de centros escolares y alumnado y profesorado de la titulación de Arquitectura.
Los objetivos de los talleres son introducir al estudiante en el campo de conocimiento de la Arquitectura, explicar la importancia de los estudios en la sociedad actual y despertar vocaciones entre otros. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una metodología basada en talleres interactivos que fomentan el trabajo en equipo y la creatividad del alumnado. Los resultados de la experiencia han sido satisfactorios, tanto la valoración de la encuesta realizada a los participantes como la valoración de los propios mentores del programa. Las conclusiones subrayan la importancia del cambio de modelo en la formación pre-universitaria: desde las actuales sesiones informativas, donde el alumnado es sujeto pasivo, hacia una formación en la que el alumnado se convierte en agente activo en el proceso de crear conocimiento.
Tourist demands and the ensuing commodification of habitability in cities have led to the emergence of resistance movements. This study aims to define patterns in touristified cities by measuring the ...presence of citizen initiatives, together with tourism intensification and related socio-demographic variables. All the indicators have been tested in the Mediterranean port cities of Barcelona and Malaga as they lead the cultural offer. Both municipalities have been analysed at census-section level and show a common urban pattern: the Airbnb offer has spread out in the old town in direct competition with traditional accommodation and replacing long-term rentals. Statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation among citizen initiatives with tourism services, which are the driver mechanisms behind the movements. Cluster maps show a clear centre-periphery pattern according to the tourism intensification set with high coefficient values for tourist accommodation. Bivariate spatial autocorrelation indicates that protest movements emerge in tourism specialisation areas with a high concentration of tourist facilities. Monitoring the proposed indicator system over time may serve as a basis for local administrations to promote new urban policies dealing with overtourism. Future research may redefine and include new variables, test other tourist destinations and consider a smaller non-administrative territorial unit of analysis.
Urban public space has become one of the main infrastructures for informal sports in cities. However, despite the high impact of that practice, local records only show the sports activity at the ...urban spaces specifically designed and regulated for that purpose. More information about where this practice arises and what attributes of urban space promote it would allow the adoption of specific measures in urban and sports policies. This paper proposes a methodology mainly based on the mapping of this informal sport activity and urban places where it appears by local communities and sportspeople. These collaborative maps are supported by the use of geographical information system (GIS) technologies and surveys on local communities. The research establishes a double objective of identifying urban spaces where citizens perform outdoor sports and deepen the knowledge of the physical attributes of public spaces that promote sports and local demands related to public space requirements. This methodology has been tested in the city of Malaga, the European City of Sport 2020, as a reference of a city with a growing outdoors’ sport activity. The main contribution is focused on the use of new tools that offer subjective information: opinions and habits of citizens in relation to sport urban practice. This information—which is difficult to obtain through other resources—should be considered for the design of urban and sports policies according to citizens’ demands.
La protección del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial (PCI) resulta fundamental como herramienta de cohesiónsocial en las comunidades locales, al infundir en ellas un sentimiento de identidad y ...continuidad, y promoverel respeto a la diversidad y creatividad humana. Sin embargo, la salvaguardia de este tipo de patrimonioes algo muy reciente y existe todavía una falta de consenso acerca de criterios comunes y metodologíaspara su protección. De ahí la importancia de diseñar y poner en práctica metodologías participativas quepermitan crear espacios de participación en torno a la gestión del PCI en los barrios. Este artículo muestralos resultados de una experiencia real llevada a cabo en el barrio de la Fontanalla en Málaga (España). Sepropone una serie de acciones metodológicas innovadoras y abiertas, basada en la participación e implicación de vecinos/as y entidades locales en el propio diseño del proceso participativo a desarrollar. Los resultados confirman la idoneidad de dicha metodología para crear espacios de participación. Las conclusiones recogen algunas particularidades de la gestión comunitaria del PCI, mecanismos utilizados, dificultades encontradas y su impacto en la gobernabilidad participativa del barrio malagueño.
Historic centres are undergoing a series of urban transformations as a consequence of the processes of touristification, and they are mainly located in pedestrianised public spaces. The consequences ...of the touristification of public space are manifested in its privatisation via the occupation of catering locals and changes to the uses of adjacent buildings. Recent literature has studied the touristification of the neighbourhood unit in an exhaustive way, but it has only studied specific variables of the public space unit. Therefore, an exhaustive study is needed to bring these variables together regarding the public space unit. This study proposes a methodology for categorising public space in terms of use, with the aim of identifying different patterns of activities with respect to touristification. To this end, a system of use indicators is defined according to the public space and adjacent buildings. This methodology has been tested in the Historic Centre of Malaga, analysing a sample of 54 public spaces and categorising them into five different patterns. This categorisation could facilitate the planning and regulation by local administrations of activities in the public space of the Historic Centre.
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