Municipalities cannot fund infrastructure at needed levels due to rapid growth, declining federal and state capital expenditures, rising costs for urban services, and taxpayers' revolts against tax ...increases. Adequate infrastructure is critical for building livable cities; therefore, local officials seek creative methods by which development can pay for itself. Of the existing methods, impact fees are most widely used. This article examines the legal, procedural, and equity issues that cities must be cognizant of to effectively adopt impact fees.
Recent cases suggest the Supreme Court may be moving toward a new era of open-ended judicial oversight of economic regulation. Viewed in strictly legal terms today's efforts to infuse economic ...individualism into the Constitution take a form different from that popularized in the laissez-faire era at the turn-of-the-century. The takings clause of the Fifth Amendment rather than the due process clause of the Fourteenth appears to be the favored vehicle. But, in the past and in the present, those who have insisted that the Constitution creates a significant check on the government's ability to regulate private economic activity consistently have relied upon two interrelated ideas to support their view. First they take the Framers' interest in protecting property to be an endorsement of a free market economic system. Secondly they argue that, because the very idea of liberty in the American tradition has included property, their version of individualism is reflected in constitutional jurisprudence from the time of John Marshall to at least the 1930s. This article explores the extent to which these two factors actually support a theory that the Constitution creates a broad and open-ended prohibition or limitation on government involvement in economic matters. Further, it will suggest that the relationship between liberty and property in the American constitutional tradition must take into consideration a third factor—the public ingredient of private property.
US and Japanese government officials and policy analysts are searching for a new foundation for Japanese-American relations. One concept, a global partnership, in which the 2 countries would deploy ...their economic, diplomatic, and military resources toward managing and solving international problems, has become part of the conventional wisdom in most discussions of US-Japan relations. The 2 countries approach many international issues from divergent perspectives. Nowhere are the implications of these differences more apparent or more important than in the Asia-Pacific region. In theory, if not always in practice, Americans believe in relatively laissez-faire models of economic development, whereas Japanese are willing to give a greater role to government. In addition, Japan is far less willing to devote its own military resources to solving military problems than is the US. The 2 countries take different approaches to the situations in countries such as China, Russia, Indochina, and Taiwan.
Tough and Smart on China Harding, Harry
The Brookings review,
01/1993, Letnik:
11, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Bill Clinton will face a potential confrontation with China that could disrupt his focus on domestic affairs. A trade war would raise prices for US consumers and hand China's growing markets over to ...the US' rivals.
Den bosniske serber-leder Radovan Karadzic er godt tilfreds med den nye fredsplan, der sikrer, at serberne får fuld gevinst for at have erobret 70 procent af landet. Kroaterne får 20 procent, og ...muslimerne, der før krigen var landets største befolkningsgruppe, får 10 procent.
Radovan Karadžić skærer et stykke af en kage med en sabel. Han er iført rustning og står i et krigshærget område.
Tusch Dagens Tegning
The Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is well pleased with the new peace plan that ensures that the Serbs get full gain for having conquered 70 percent of the country. Croats get 20 percent, and Muslims who were the country’s largest population group before the war get 10 percent.
Den bosniske serber-leder Radovan Karadzic er godt tilfreds med den nye fredsplan, der sikrer, at serberne får fuld gevinst for at have erobret 70 procent af landet. Kroaterne får 20 procent, og muslimerne, der før krigen var landets største befolkningsgruppe, får 10 procent.
Radovan Karadžić skærer et stykke af en kage med en sabel. Han er iført rustning og står i et krigshærget område.
The End of Welfare as We Know It? Besharov, Douglas J; Fowler, Amy
The Public interest,
04/1993, Letnik:
111, Številka:
111
Magazine Article, Journal Article
Recenzirano
During his campaign, President Clinton repeatedly said that welfare benefits should be time-limited, and that, after 2 years of job training and education, welfare recipients who can work should be ...required to do so. Clinton's rhetoric taps into a deeply held feeling among the public and politicians that long-term welfare dependency is a serious and growing social problem. This belief has propelled a decade of progressively more intense efforts to reduce welfare dependency. First came the state welfare-to-work demonstration projects of the early 1980s, then the Family Support Act of 1988, and most recently, the state-initiated welfare reforms of 1991-1992. Clinton's campaign promise could be the next step in this evolutionary process, but the details of his proposal have never been spelled out. Any number of missteps could cripple the program, or worse, could lead to even higher levels of welfare dependency. Some of the possible pitfalls in Clinton's plan are discussed.
The present situation of the Jewish people in eastern Europe is characterized on the one hand by a widespread and fascinating "Jewish Renaissance", but on the other hand by deep shadows which cannot ...be ignored. The official policies of the communist regimes in this region can only be described as conducive to genocide, since the basis of the communist idea of class ideology deliberately sought the destruction of any self-con-sciously Jewish identity. To bring this about, these regimes forced the limitation of Jewish activities in the cultural field, dissolved all interregional Jewish organisations, put limits on all independent Jewish theological or cultural work, and effectively silenced any remembrance of the Jewish past, expecially the sufferings of the Shoah. In addition, they refused to allow for Jewish contacts abroad and undertook a complete instrumentalisation of the Jewish fate in the service of communist propaganda. The antisemitic policies of these regimes were expressions of their instinctive and intolerant opposition to the influence of any actual or potential social or cultural elites outside those of the Communist Party itself. Following the collapse of these communist regimes, the Jewish communities find themselves in an almost impossible dilemma: after the spiritual genocide of recent years, they no loner have the self-consciousness necessary to build up a viable identity, since they lack the sense of Jewishness which has so often preserved them through the centuries of earlier persecutions. But all attempts to revive this sense of Jewish identity only provide ammunitiion for the new antisemitism in eastern Europe, which still refuses to allow the Jews there to achieve any genuine assimilation.
President Clinton's February 17, 1993, economic message to Congress is discussed. President Clinton has provided a vision and a program that gives investment, an age-old concept that focuses on how ...Americans spend and how they pay for it, a new reality.
Turnout in the 1992 Election Teixeira, Ruy A.
The Brookings review,
01/1993, Letnik:
11, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Voter turnout in the 1992 presidential election is discussed, with explanations offered for the first substantial increase in voter turnout since 1960.
